pre-lab Flashcards
thorax
thorax cavity
Lungs
Heart
Major blood vessels
Part of the trachea
Oesophagus
functions
Protection
Respiration
Conduit (passageway)
thoracic wall
Sternum
Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
12 pairs of ribs and costal cartilages
Intercostal muscles fill the intercostal spaces
Arteries and nerves that supply it
The pectoral muscles are considered upper limb muscles – not part of the thoracic wall
thoracic cage
Rigidity and flexibility!
Joints between ribs and sternum – through costal cartilages
True ribs – Sternocostal joints
False ribs – Interchondral joints
Floating ribs (rib 11-12) – do not attach to the sternum at all!
joints- ribs and vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae (orange in picture)
12 pairs of ribs
Ribs 1, 10 – 12 – atypical
Thoracic vertebrae and Ribs articulate to each other at two different joints:
Costovertebral joint
Costotransverse joint
thoracic apertures
Superior thoracic aperture
Thoracic cavity
Neck and upper limb
Inferior thoracic aperture
Attachment for diaphragm which separates thoracic and abdominal cavities
diaphragm
Attachments of the diaphragm.
L1-L3 vertebrae
Inferior costal cartilages and adjacent ribs
Xiphoid process
Main muscle of respiration
Left and right domes project upwards to reach the level of the 5th rib
Caval opening IV disc between T8-T9
Esophageal hiatus T10
Aortic hiatus T12
muscles of thoracic wall
3 SETS OF INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES:
External intercostal
Internal intercostal
Innermost intercostal
external intercostal
Occupy intercostal spaces from posterior to costochondral junction
Muscle fibres run anteroinferiorly
Most active during inspiration
internal intercostal
Occupy intercostal spaces from anterior to angle of ribs
Muscle fibres run anteroposteriorly
Most active during expiration
innermost intercostal
Innermost intercostal muscle are deep part of internal intercostal muscles
Form an incomplete layer that is most obvious laterally
Intercostal neurovascular bundle lies between internal and innermost intercostals
movement of thoracic cage
inspiration: pump-handle (sternum) and bucket-handle movement (ribs)
expiration: depression of ribs
accessory muscles of respiration
Neck and arm muscles will assist rib elevation in forced inspiration ( pec minor+major, sternocleidomastoid, serrates anterior)
Abdominal muscles can assist forced expiration (rectus abdomens, transverse abdomens, internal and external oblique, diaphragm)
intercostal neurovascular bundle
V- intercostal vein
A- intercostal artery
N- intercostal nerve
Anterior rami of T1-T11 spinal nerves form intercostal nerves
Anterior ramus of T12 spinal nerve forms subcostal nerve
intercostal arteries and internal thoracic artery
Posterior intercostal artery originates from aorta
Anterior intercostal artery originates from internal thoracic artery (or its branches)
Posterior and anterior intercostal arteries anastomose
pericardium layers
(deep_ Visceral layer serous pericardium
Parietal layer serous pericardium
(superficial) Fibrous pericardium
thoracic cavity subdivisions, pleura
Parietal pleura (superficial)
Visceral pleura (deep)
parietal pleura
the right and left pulmonary cavities, separated by the the mediastinum are lined with parietal pleura that reflects onto the lungs as visceral pleura
pleural recesses
an area where the adjacent surfaces of the parietal pleura come into contact. The two recesses in the pleural cavity include the following: The costomediastinal recess is one of these two spaces, which is found between the mediastinal and costal pleura.
serous membrane
thin membrane that lines your chest wall and lungs. It cushions your lungs and makes breathing easier. Infections and chest injuries can damage your pleura and affect your ability to breathe
