Pre IELTS 1

Question 1

The definition of behind the wheel is an expression that means you are driving or in control of some kind of a vehicle, usually a car. An example of behind the wheel is a person who is driving his car.

Answer 1

Sit behind the weel.

Question 2

به جاده زدن

Answer 2

Hit the road

Question 3

وسایلی نقلیه ای که باهاشون میشه سفر دور و دراز رفت

Answer 3

Long distance transport

noun
1 [uncountable] British English a system or method for carrying passengers or goods from one place to another SYN transportation American English
air/rail/road transport
Improved rail transport is essential for business.
commuters who travel on public transport (=buses, trains etc)
It’s easier to get to the college if you have your own transport (=a car, bicycle etc).
means/mode/form of transport
Horses were the only means of transport.
GRAMMAR: Countable or uncountable?
In this meaning, transport is an uncountable noun and has no plural form. You say:
Public transport is very cheap.
✗Don’t say: public transports
2 [uncountable] the process or business of taking goods from one place to another SYN transportation American English
transport of
Canals were used for the transport of goods.
3 [countable] a ship or aircraft for carrying soldiers or supplies

Question 4

Steer

Answer 4

1 CAR/BOAT ETC [intransitive, transitive] to control the direction a vehicle is going, for example by turning a wheel
He was steering with only one hand.
steer for/towards etc
Steer towards the left.
2 CHANGE SOMEBODY/SOMETHING [transitive] to guide someone’s behaviour or the way a situation develops
steer somebody towards/away from/through etc something
Teachers try to steer pupils away from drugs.
Helen tried to steer the conversation away from herself.
3 BE IN CHARGE OF [transitive always + adverb/preposition] to be in charge of an organization, team etc and make decisions that help it to be successful, especially during a difficult time
steer something through/to etc something
McKinney steered the company through the recession.
4 GUIDE SOMEBODY TO A PLACE [transitive] to guide someone to a place, especially while touching them
steer somebody towards/to etc something
Joel steered Don and Louise towards the backyard.

Question 5

وسایل حمل و‌نقل بین المللی

Answer 5

International transport

Question 6

وسایل حمل و نقلی که تعداد زیادی آدم رو حمل میکنه

Answer 6

Mass transport

Question 7

به چو/ راست پیچیدن

Answer 7

Make a left, right

Question 8

سوار قطار، هواپیما، قایق شدن

Answer 8

Board a train / plane / yacht

Question 9

Mode of transport is a term used to distinguish between different ways of transportation or transporting people or goods. The different modes of transport are air, water, and land transport, which includes Rails or railways, road and off-road transport.

Answer 9

Means / mode of transport

Question 10

to meet someone who you know, when you were not expecting to SYN run into

Answer 10

bump into somebody phrasal verb

Question 11

Congestion/ traffic jam

Answer 11

noun [uncountable]
1 the problem of too much traffic in a place
Councillors are looking at ways to reduce traffic congestion in the town centre

Question 12

a structure like a bridge that allows one road to go over another road

Answer 12

Overpass=\ underpass

Question 13

to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc
The kettle emitted a shrill whistle.
→ See Verb table
Examples from the Corpus
emit
• But soon after lunar sunrise, it emitted an extremely powerful blast of radio energy.
• The ratios change over time as potassium undergoes radioactive decay and emits argon gas.
• Sounds emitted by the dolphins were recorded with an underwater microphone.
• An average car emits five lungfuls of poisonous carbon monoxide gas per mile.
• Sleep becomes very deep as your brain emits high, wide delta waves.
• It emitted less than a tenth as much radiation.
• When minerals such as quartz are heated, they emit light.
• The Earth emits natural radiation.
• He knew he had acquired an object which emitted other noxious gases - Pitfall Number One - but that wasn’t all.
• The machine emits regular bleeps which indicate the heart rate.

Answer 13

Emit

Question 14

to hit the back of one car with another in an accident:

My new car was rear-ended while it was parked outside the station.

Answer 14

Rear-end verb

Question 15

بوق زدن

Answer 15

Honk
Honk the horn
Honk your horn

Question 16

وسایل نقلیه سازگار با محیط زیست

Answer 16

Environmentally friendly vehicles

Question 17

جریمه شدن به خاطر سرعت

Answer 17

Get a speeding ticket

Question 18

informal
: to lose control and start to behave in a way that is not normal or acceptable
He was a promising student but he went off the rails after he started taking drugs

Answer 18

Go off the rail

Question 19

حمل و نقل شهری

Answer 19

Transport

Question 20

رد کردن چراغ قرمز یا ساین ایستادن

Answer 20

Blow through a stop sign / red light

Question 21

to drive somewhere before there is a lot of traffic. Usage notes: We say “to beat traffic” or “to beat the traffic.”

Answer 21

Beat the traffic

Question 22

Present continues

Answer 22

• At the moment • Now
• These days
• Currently
• This week / year / month • Today
• During this season • At the present

Question 23

Adverb of time

Answer 23

• On a regular basis
• On day-to-day basis
• Frequency adverbs: never, hardly ever/rarely/seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always
• Every day
• Every once in a while

Question 24

noun [countable] American English informal

a car accident in which little damage is done

Answer 24

Fender bende

Question 25

adjective
1 likely to do something or suffer from something, especially something bad or harmful
prone to
Some plants are very prone to disease.
prone to do something
Kids are all prone to eat junk food.
accident-prone/injury-prone etc
He’s always been accident-prone.
I have always been prone to headaches 
My husband has always been prone to road range

Answer 25

To be prone to

Question 26

a passenger in a car who keeps giving the driver advice that he or she has not asked for:

Answer 26

Back-seat driver

Question 27

ساعت هایی که ترافیک خیلی زیاده

ساعت هایی که ترافیک زیاد نیست

Answer 27

Rush hour

Off-peak hours

Question 28

The roads were full of traffic and we were travelling at a snail’s pace for two hours.
Extremely slowly

Answer 28

Moving at a snail spacec

Question 29

کرما زده

Answer 29

Heat sick

Heatstroke

Question 30

a bustling place is very busy
bustling with somebody/something
The flower market was bustling with shoppers

Answer 30

Bustling metropolis

Question 31

وسایل نقلیه تک سرنشین

Answer 31

Single-occupancy vehicle

Question 32

Good driver

Answer 32

Skillful driver

Question 33

سپیده دم

Answer 33

Dawn

Question 34

جمله هایی که آخر حرفمون میتونیم بزنیم

Answer 34

That’s all I have to say about that.
So that would be my answer to this question.
That’s pretty much it I guess.
There is all I can say about that.

Question 35

پنجره ماشینو بدی بالا

Answer 35

Roll up the windows

Question 36

someone who travels a long distance to work every day► see thesaurus at travel

Answer 36

Commuter

Question 37

1 useful to you because it saves you time, or does not spoil your plans or cause you problems OPP inconvenient
Mail-order catalogs are a convenient way to shop.
My secretary will call you to arrange a convenient time to meet.
convenient for
Is three o’clock convenient for you?
convenient to do something
It is simple and convenient to use.
Register
In everyday English, people usually say a good time/day etc rather than a convenient time/day etc:
Is this a good time for you to talk?
2 close and easy to reach OPP inconvenient
The bus stop around the corner is probably the most convenient.

Answer 37

Convenient

Question 38

make someone very irritated or angry

Answer 38

Drive someone up the wall!

Question 39

the capital or chief city of a country or region

a very large and busy city

Answer 39

Metropolis

Question 40

ترافیک خیلی زیاد میشه

کیلومتر ها یا مایل ها ترافیک بود

Answer 40

Traffic backs, backed up miles, kilometers, 10 kilometers

Question 41

نتیجه منفی

Answer 41

Negative outcome

Question 42

ترافیک خیلی شدید

Answer 42

Bumper to bumper

Question 43

verb [transitive]

to reduce the amount of something that is present or available

Answer 43

Deplete

Question 44

Extremely slowly

Answer 44

The roads were full of traffic and we were travelling at a snail’s pace for two hours.

Question 45

محل کار

Answer 45

Work place

Question 46

تمایل
تمایل داشتن

(plural tendencies) [countable]
1 if someone or something has a tendency to do or become a particular thing, they are likely to do or become it
a tendency to do something
Greg’s tendency to be critical made him unpopular with his co-workers.
The drug is effective but has a tendency to cause headaches.
tendency to/towards
Some people may inherit a tendency to alcoholism.
tendency for
Researchers believe that the tendency for diabetes is present at birth.
2 a general change or development in a particular direction
there is a tendency (for somebody) to do something
There is an increasing tendency for women to have children later in life.
tendency to/towards
a general tendency towards conservation and recycling
tendency among
a tendency among Americans to get married at a later age
3 → aggressive/suicidal/criminal/artistic etc tendencies
4 a group within a larger political group that supports ideas that are usually more extreme than those of the main group
the growing fascist tendency

Answer 46

Tendency

Question 47

بیشتر مردم مجبورند مسیر ده کیلومتری رو برای رسیدن به محل کارشان طی کنند.

Answer 47

• Most people have to travel a distance of tens of miles to reach their work place.

Question 48

taking a long time to do (adj.)

Answer 48

Time-consuming

Question 49

verb [transitive]
to completely change the way people do something or think about something
New technology is going to revolutionize everything we do.
His work revolutionized the treatment of this disease.

Answer 49

Revolutionize

Question 50

To do s.th one can to achieve s.th

Answer 50

To try every trick in the book

Question 51

adjective
1 [only before noun] a conventional method, product, practice etc has been used for a long time and is considered the usual type
Internet connections through conventional phone lines are fairly slow.
Bake for 20 minutes in a conventional oven; 8 in a microwave.
► see thesaurus at normal
2 always following the behaviour and attitudes that most people in a society consider to be normal, right, and socially acceptable, so that you seem slightly boring
a strong believer in conventional morals
conventional in
He is conventional in his approach to life.
3 → (the) conventional wisdom
4 [only before noun] conventional weapons and wars do not use nuclear explosives or weapons
conventional forces
5 → conventional medicine
—conventionally adverb
—conventionality /kənˌvenʃəˈnæləti/ noun [uncountable]
Examples from the Corpus
conventional
• The hospital provides both conventional and alternative medical treatments.
• They argued that the use of atomic weapons violated both conventional and customary international law.
• Acupuncture may work, but I still believe in a more conventional approach to medicine.
• The zone blitz can fluster an offense because it looks nothing like a conventional blitz.
• In conventional data processing, on the other hand, files are seen as a department or single application resource.
• Urging restraint in the development of conventional forces, the statement said that otherwise these could exacerbate political tensions.
• Rosemary led a quiet, conventional life until she went to college.
• Although expensive, it lasts longer and uses less energy than a conventional light bulb.
• It can be used to transmit computer data to and from sites where conventional lines are not available.
• Her outrageous stage act is seen as a challenge to conventional morality.
• A microwave cooks food much faster than a conventional oven.
• My mother was very conventional - she didn’t approve of my hippie lifestyle.
• a young man with conventional tastes in clothes and music
• This feeling has nothing to do with conventional views about conduct, or conventional morality, or ethics.
• a new proposal to limit conventional weapons in Europe
• Conventional wisdom holds that more money for education means better schools for children.
• That was the conventional wisdom in conventional Western business circles, in cautious places like New York and Frankfurt.
• She ended her letter with a conventional “Yours Sincerely.”

Answer 51

Conventional

Question 52

Sufficient
1 enough in quantity or of a good enough quality for a particular purpose SYN sufficient OPP inadequate
Farmers have been slow to make adequate provision for their retirement.
Some creams we tested failed to give adequate protection against UV light.
The standard of his work is barely adequate.
The company has yet to provide an adequate explanation for its actions.
adequate for
Are the parking facilities adequate for 50 cars?
adequate to do something
The lunchtime menu is more than adequate to satisfy the biggest appetite.
► see thesaurus at enough
2 fairly good but not excellent → satisfactory
Her performance was adequate but lacked originality.

Answer 52

Adequate

Question 53

noun
1 [countable, uncountable] an act of leaving a place, especially at the start of a journey OPP arrival
departure for
I saw Simon shortly before his departure for Russia.
departure of
There was a delay in the departure of our plane.
departure from
Mozart’s departure from Paris in September 1778
2 [countable, uncountable] an act of leaving an organization or position
departure from
He refused to discuss his departure from the government.
3 [countable] a flight, train etc that leaves at a particular time
There are several departures for New York every day.
4 [countable] a way of doing something that is different from the usual, traditional, or expected way
departure from
Their new designs represent a departure from their usual style.
radical/major/significant etc departure (=a big change)
This would be a radical departure from the subsidy system.

Answer 53

Departure

Question 54

nounکرایه 
1 [countable] the price you pay to travel somewhere by bus, train, plane etc
bus/train/air/cab fare
Air fares have shot up by 20%.
half-fare/full-fare
Children under 14 travel half-fare.
► see thesaurus at cost
2 [uncountable] written food, especially food served in a restaurant or eaten on a special occasion
traditional Christmas fare
► see thesaurus at food
3 [countable] a passenger in a taxi
4 [uncountable] something that is offered to the public, especially as entertainment
The movie is suitable family fare.

Answer 54

Fare

Question 55

a very young child who is just learning to walk► see

Answer 55

Noun toddler

Question 56

a young person, usually between the ages of 12 and 18, who is developing into an adult

Answer 56

ˌædəˈlesənt

Adolescent

Question 57

1 to officially tell someone what to do → order
instruct somebody to do something
His secretary was instructed to cancel all his engagements.
instruct (somebody) that
The judge immediately instructed that Beattie be released.
Eva went straight to the hotel, as instructed (=as she had been told).
instruct somebody what to do
He had instructed the slaves what to say when questioned.
► see thesaurus at order
2 formal to teach someone something, or show them how to do something
instruct somebody in something
Greater effort is needed to instruct children in road safety.
instruct somebody how to do something
Employees are instructed how to make a complaint.
► see thesaurus at teach
3 British English formal to officially tell someone about something
be instructed that
I was instructed that £20,000 had been paid into my account.
Grammar
Instruct is usually passive in this meaning

Answer 57

Verb

Instruct

Question 58

noun
1 [countable usually plural] a gas or other substance that is sent into the air
Britain agreed to cut emissions of nitrogen oxide from power stations.
2 [uncountable] the act of sending out light, heat, gas etc

Answer 58

Emissions (produce emissions)

Emission

Question 59

خودروهایی که هیچ آلودگی ای تولید نمی کنند

Answer 59

Zero-emission vehicles

Question 60

برف و کولاک

Answer 60

Blizzard

Question 61

خشکسالی

Answer 61

Drought

Question 62

Related topics: Nature, Meteorology, Geography
hur‧ri‧cane /ˈhʌrɪkən $ ˈhɜːrəkeɪn/ ●●○ noun [countable]
a storm that has very strong fast winds and that moves over water

Answer 62

Hurricane

Question 63

یخچال های طبیعی

Answer 63

Glacier, glaciers

Question 64

تبخیر شدن
تبخیر
1 [intransitive, transitive] if a liquid evaporates, or if heat evaporates it, it changes into a gas
Most of the water had evaporated.
The sun evaporates moisture on the leaves.
2 [intransitive] if a feeling evaporates, it slowly disappears
Hopes of achieving peace are beginning to evaporate.
His courage had evaporated away.
—evaporation /ɪˌvæpəˈreɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]
→ See Verb table
Examples from the Corpus
evaporate
• Add wine and cook until liquid evaporates.
• At nine-thirty the soup had all evaporated.
• Forget about sinking your teeth into it; touch it with your tongue, and it evaporates.
• They then fan the water so that it evaporates and in doing so lowers the temperature.
• The Salton Sea would slowly evaporate and life would return to normal, for a while.
• Support for the idea had evaporated by that time.
• Some particles, however, do not evaporate completely and survive the entry-heat to impact on the Earth’s surface.
• And that aspect of human nature does not evaporate just because people are part of the same organization.

Answer 64

Evaporate

Evaporation

Question 65

سوزاننده 
adjective
extremely hot
the scorching desert heat
a scorching hot day

Answer 65

Scorching

Question 66

a very strong wind that moves very fast in a circle

Answer 66

Cyclone

Question 67

1 a very large ocean wave that flows over the land and destroys things
2 a very large amount of a particular kind of feeling or activity happening at one time
tidal wave of
a tidal wave of crime
Voters were swept away on a tidal wave of enthusiasm.

Answer 67

Tidal wave

Question 68

verb
ریز ریز ریختن
1 → it drizzles
2 [transitive always + adverb/preposition] to let a liquid fall on food in a small stream or in small drops
Drizzle the soy sauce over the chicken

noun [singular, uncountable]
weather that is a combination of light rain and mist
A light drizzle had started by the time we left.
► see thesaurus at rain

Answer 68

Drizzle

Question 69

1 smoke, dust, or mist in the air which is difficult to see through
haze of
a haze of cigarette smoke
The sun was surrounded by a golden haze.
2 the feeling of being very confused and unable to think clearly
a drunken haze

Answer 69

Haze

Question 70

در ابتدا

At first

Answer 70

initially

Question 71

به طور همزمان
همزمان
things that are simultaneous happen at exactly the same time
They grabbed each other’s hands in simultaneous panic.
Up to twenty users can have simultaneous access to the system.
simultaneous with
The withdrawal of British troops should be simultaneous with that of US forces.
The speeches will be broadcast live, with simultaneous translation (=immediate translation, as the person is speaking) into English.
—simultaneously adverb
The opera will be broadcast simultaneously on television and radio.

Answer 71

Simultaneously

Question 72

finally, after everything else has been done or considered

Answer 72

Ultimately

Question 73

Earlier

Answer 73

Prior

Question 74

Of or in an earlier time; before the present time or in the past

Answer 74

Former

Question 75

In the past

Previously

Answer 75

Formerly

Question 76

رونق یافتن
موفق شدن

[intransitive] if people or businesses prosper, they grow and develop in a successful way, especially by becoming rich or making a large profit
Businesses across the state are prospering.
→ See Verb table
Examples from the Corpus
prosper
• If some one like Sam Nunn from my home state were to be president our cause would prosper.
• If you repeat the basics faithfully, your business will prosper.
• They prospered and employed many poor in and near London to dress flax, until the Netherlanders brought in dressed flax.
• Over the next few years, our little bar prospered and grew in popularity.
• He did not prosper, and moved to Burgh-by-Sands, near Carlisle.
• Thereafter he prospered as a royal attendant, who at times served on campaign, and as a county magnate.
• India’s software companies have prospered by keeping costs to a bare minimum.
• The Mormon cause prospered on controversy.
• The children seemed to prosper under their grandparent’s care.
• Thirty years ago, interstate interchanges helped many communities to prosper, while those on backroads stagnated.
• Lower inflation and a stable climate for industry to plan and prosper will lead to long-term prosperity.
From LMDict - Business Dictionary
pros‧per /ˈprɒspəˈprɑːspər/ verb [intransitive]
to be successful and become rich
As families prosper, consumer demand for meat increases.
With hard work and long hours, our business prospered.

Answer 76

Prosper

Question 77

حومه

Answer 77

Outskirts

Question 78

تظاهرات

Answer 78

demonstration

Question 79

شبکه

Answer 79

Grid

Question 80

در حالیکه

وسط جمله میاد

Answer 80

Whereas

Question 81

شارژ

Answer 81

Top up

Question 82

to reduce the amount of something that is present or available
Salmon populations have been severely depleted.
Grammar
Deplete is often passive in this meaning.
—depletion /dɪˈpliːʃən/ noun [uncountable]
the depletion of the ozone layer
→ See Verb table
Examples from the Corpus
deplete
• Over the last few years, rainforests have been steadily depleted.
• Now his wife is worse and his savings are depleted.
• Note that B complex vitamins are depleted by nicotine, alcohol, stress, and oral contraceptives.
• He knew that the area’s rich plant life had been severely depleted by the huge herds of cows grazing the land.
• As oil reserves are depleted, its price will continue to rise.
• Algae can block light and deplete oxygen from the water.
• Salmon populations have been severely depleted recently.

Answer 82

Deplete

Question 83

British. : a battery that has no more electricity : dead battery.

Answer 83

Definition of flat battery

Question 84

برق رفته

Answer 84

The power is gone

Question 85

خط اعتباری رو شارژ کردم

Answer 85

Top up your bill

Question 86

Plug in

Answer 86

Unplug

Question 87

to do something that could have either good or bad results
She’s trying to find a publisher who will take a chance on her book.
It might not work, but it’s a chance we’ll have to take.

Answer 87

Take a chance

Question 88

to do something instead of someone else
No one could ever take the place of her father.
Joe resigned as chairperson in 1999 and I took his place.

Answer 88

Take the place of someone

Question 89

درجه حرارت تب کسی رو گرفتن

Answer 89

Take sb tempreture

Question 90

Violate or fail to observe a promise or contract one has made. For example, You can trust him implicitly; I’ve never known him to break his word. [c. a.d. 1000]

Answer 90

Break sb’s word

Question 91

dirty air that looks like a mixture of smoke and fog, caused by smoke from cars and factories in cities

Answer 91

Smog

Question 92

Adj.
showing signs of being successful or good in the future
a promising career in law
a promising young actor
a promising start

Answer 92

Promising

Question 93

1 [usually singular] the number of people killed or injured in a particular accident, by a particular illness etc
The death toll has risen to 83.
The bombings took a heavy toll, killing hundreds of Londoners.
2 a very bad effect that something has on something or someone over a long period of time
toll on
Years of smoking have taken their toll on his health.
a heavy toll on the environment
3 the money you have to pay to use a particular road, bridge etc► see thesaurus at cost
4 the sound of a large bell ringing slowly

Answer 93

Toll

Question 94

Noun [uncountable]
a system in which people work a particular number of hours each week or month, but can change the times at which they start and finish each day

Answer 94

Flexitime

Question 95

1 [transitive] if a room, building etc can accommodate a particular number of people or things, it has enough space for them
He bought a huge house to accommodate his library.
The ballroom can accommodate 400 people.
2 [transitive] to provide someone with a place to stay, live, or work
The island was used to accommodate child refugees.
3 [transitive] to accept someone’s opinions and try to do what they want, especially when their opinions or needs are different from yours
We’ve made every effort to accommodate your point of view.
4 [intransitive] to get used to a new situation or to make yourself do this
accommodate to
Her eyes took a while to accommodate to the darkness.

Answer 95

Accommodate

Question 96

1 [not before noun] not wanting to do something and refusing to do it
unwilling to do something
He was unwilling or unable to pay the fine.
2 [only before noun] not wanting to do something but doing it
an unwilling helper

Answer 96

Unwilling

To be unwilling to do something

Question 97

1 [not before noun] prepared to do something, or having no reason to not want to do it
willing to do something
How much are they willing to pay?
quite/perfectly willing
I told them I was perfectly willing to help.
2 → willing helper/volunteer/partner etc
—willingly adverb
Sixty percent of voters said they would willingly pay higher taxes for better health care.

Answer 97

Willing

Question 98

formal something that is necessary before something else can happen or be done
prerequisite for/of/to
A reasonable proficiency in English is a prerequisite for the course.

Answer 98

Prerequisite

Question 99

INFORMAL
say something that one has wanted to say for a long time, resulting in a feeling of relief.
“tell me about it, get it off your chest”

Answer 99

To get something off your chest

Question 100

— phrasal verb with spring verb [ I usually + adv/prep ]
UK /sprɪŋ/ US /sprɪŋ/
sprang or US also sprung | sprung

to suddenly tell or ask someone something when they do not expect it:
I hope he’s not going to spring any nasty surprises on us at the meeting this morning.

Answer 100

Spring sth on sb

Question 101

Break up kardan ba kasi

Answer 101

To Dump sb

Question 102

it would be fair of me

Answer 102

از نظر من عادلانه خواهد بود

Question 103

arise or happen very surprisingly and unexpectedly That question came out of nowhere. a company that has come out of nowhere to become one of the leaders in the industry.

Answer 103

Come out of nowhere

Question 104

To like something a lot

Answer 104

To be crazy about something

Question 105

to be extremely happy:

Since they got married, they’ve been in seventh heaven.

Answer 105

To be in seventh heaven

Question 106

leave.
“the Mounties briskly ordered them to move on”
2.
start doing something new or making progress.
“I’ve been in this job long enough—it’s time I moved on”

Answer 106

Move on

Question 107

to allow yourself to become less attractive or healthy: It’s easy to let yourself go when you’ve got small kids

Answer 107

To let yourself go!

Question 108

1.
of little depth.
"serve the noodles in a shallow bowl"
2.
not exhibiting, requiring, or capable of serious thought.
"a shallow analysis of contemporary society"
Similar:
superficial
facile
glib
simplistic
oversimplified
schematic
slight
flimsy
insubstantial
lightweight
empty
trivial
trifling
surface
skin-deep
frivolous
foolish
silly
unintelligent
unthinking
unscholarly
ignorant
Opposite:
profound
serious
in-depth
noun
an area of the sea, a lake, or a river where the water is not very deep.
verb
(of the sea, a lake, or a river) become less deep over time or in a particular place.
"the boat ground to a halt where the water shallowed"
Translate shallow to
adjective
1. کم عمق
2. سطحی
noun
1. کم ژرفا
2. کم اب

Answer 108

Shallow

Question 109

آغل خوک

جای کثیف

Answer 109

Pigsty

Question 110

raise a matter for discussion or consideration.

“she tried repeatedly to bring up the subject of money”

Answer 110

Bring something up!

Question 111

(DEVELOP)

to develop from something that happened or existed before:
The new law grew out of people’s dissatisfaction with the election results.
(STOP LIKING)

to stop having an interest in something or stop doing something as you become older:
He wants to be a rapper, but I think he’ll grow out of it.
(STOP FITTING)

to become too tall or too big to wear or use something:
Mom said she wasn’t going to buy me something I was going to grow out of next week.

Answer 111

Grow out of something

Question 112

US, informal. : it is reasonable, normal or expected : it is not surprising It figures that he would be late today. “He’s late.” “Well, it figures.”

Answer 112

It figures!

Question 113

متمایز
1 clearly different or belonging to a different type
two entirely distinct languages
distinct types/groups/categories etc
There are four distinct types.
distinct from
The learning needs of the two groups are quite distinct from each other.
2 → as distinct from something
3 something that is distinct can clearly be seen, heard, smelled etc OPP indistinct
The outline of the ship became more distinct.
4 [only before noun] a distinct possibility, feeling, quality etc definitely exists and cannot be ignored
I got the distinct impression he was trying to make me angry.
There is a distinct possibility that this will eventually be needed.
a distinct lack of enthusiasm

Answer 113

Distinct

Question 114

محصولات کشاورزی اصلاح شده ژنتیکی

Answer 114

genetically modified crops

Question 115

noun
1 [countable] an advantage or good feature of something
merit of
The film has the merit of being short.
The merit of the report is its realistic assessment of the changes required.
The great merit of the project is its flexibility and low cost.
Each of these approaches to teaching has its merits.
Tonight’s meeting will weigh up the relative merits of the two candidates.
► see thesaurus at advantage
Register
Merit is used especially in formal contexts. In everyday English, people usually talk about the good points of something:
The book does have its good points.
2 [uncountable] formal a good quality that makes someone or something deserve praise
There is never any merit in being second best.
have (some) merit/be of merit (=be good)
The suggestion has some merit.
on merit
Students are selected solely on merit (=because they are good).
artistic/literary merit
a film lacking any artistic merit

Answer 115

Merit=\demerit

Question 116

a small book or piece of paper advertising something or giving information on a particular subject
leaflet on
a leaflet on skin cancer
hand/pass/give/send out a leaflet
Students were handing out election leaflets at the station.

Answer 116

Leaflet

Question 117

1 LIQUID/GAS to take in liquid, gas, or another substance from the surface or space around something
Plants absorb nutrients from the soil.
absorb something into something
Water and salts are absorbed into our bloodstream.
2 INFORMATION to read or hear a large amount of new information and understand it
Her capacity to absorb information is amazing.
3 INTEREST to interest someone so much that they do not pay attention to other things
The movement and noise of the machines absorbed him completely.
be absorbed in something
Judith lay on the settee, absorbed in her book.
4 BECOME PART OF SOMETHING to become part of something larger
California absorbs many of the legal immigrants to the US.
be absorbed into something
We were soon absorbed into local village life.
5 LIGHT/HEAT/ENERGY/NOISE if something absorbs light, heat, energy, or noise, it takes it in
Darker surfaces absorb heat.
6 DEAL WITH CHANGE/COSTS if something absorbs changes or costs, it accepts them and deals with them successfully
The beer industry had absorbed a doubling of federal tax in 1991.
7 MONEY/TIME if something absorbs money, time etc, it uses a lot of it
Defence spending absorbs almost 20% of the country’s wealth.
8 FORCE to reduce the effect of a sudden violent movement
A well-designed sports shoe should absorb the impact on your

Answer 117

Absorb

Question 118

a disadvantage of a situation, plan, product etc
It’s a great city – the only drawback is the weather.
drawback of/to (doing) something
The main drawback to these products is that they tend to be too salty.

Answer 118

Drawback

Question 119

the negative part or disadvantage of something OPP upside
Digital cell phones offer more security, but the downside is that they have less power.
the downside of
The downside of the book is that it is written in a rather boring style.

Answer 119

Downside, the downside

Question 120

the main part of a plane, in which people sit or goods are carried
Examples from the Corpus
fuselage
• Mr Wakenshaw’s parachute became tangled in the wheels of a plane and he was dragged along its fuselage.
• The foolproof fuel system has interconnected front and rear fuselage flexible tanks holding 255 and 475 litres.
• This line represents the fore and aft axis of your aircraft, the fuselage.
• A hurricane in the mid-1970s cause much damage and the fuselage was turned into a superb house-boat by David Drimmer.
• The three arc-lamps had come to rest athwart the sunken bomber, sharply illuminating the fuselage and the two wings.
• With the sling load hooked up, the swing of the fuselage is slowed by the inertia of the attached load.
• Heavier plate ensured attachment to the fuselage and the team created a crude cradle for their baby.

Answer 120

Fuselage

Question 121

1 MORE more, or to a greater degree
A spokesman declined to comment until the evidence could be studied further.
The flavour of the wine is further improved during the aging period.
Whaling in Australia was stopped. But the Australian government went further (=said or did something more extreme) and proposed a global ban.
further into/away etc
Marcus sank further and further into debt.
► see thesaurus at more
2 → take something further
3 DISTANCE (also farther) a greater distance, or beyond a particular place
They walked a little further.
further up/away/along etc
His farm is located further away from Riobamba than his brother’s.
His hands moved further down her back.
They’ve never been further south than San Diego.
4 TIME into the past or the future
further back/on/ahead etc
Five years further on, a cure has still not been found.
The records don’t go any further back than 1960.
It might be a sign, much further down the road (=in the future), of a change in policy.
5 IN ADDITION [sentence adverb] formal used to introduce something additional that you want to talk about SYN furthermore
Butter sales have fallen because margarine has improved in flavor. Further, butter consumption has decreased because of links to heart disease.

Answer 121

Further

Furthermore

Question 122

Related topics: Motor vehicles, Air
re‧fu‧el /ˌriːˈfjuːəl/ verb (refuelled, refuelling British English, refueled, refueling American English)
1 [intransitive, transitive] to fill a plane or vehicle with fuel before continuing a journey
The plane was refuelled in Dubai.
2 [transitive] to make feelings, emotions, or ideas stronger
The attack refuelled fears of war.

Answer 122

Refuel

Refueling

Question 123

1 if an agreement or official document is renewable, you can make it continue for a further period of time after it ends OPP non-renewable
It’s a six-month lease but it’s renewable.
a renewable visa
2 [usually before noun] renewable energy replaces itself naturally, or is easily replaced because there is a large supply of it
renewable energy such as solar power
an industry based on renewable resources

Answer 123

Renewable

Question 124

مهماندار هواپیما

Answer 124

Steward

Stewardess

Question 125

پیشگام

Answer 125

Pioneer

Question 126

a change in a price, amount, level etc SYN variation
fluctuation in
the fluctuation in interest rates
Prices are subject to fluctuation.

Answer 126

Fluctuation

Question 127

at a steep angle; sharply.
"the walls of the gorge rise steeply on both sides"
by a very large or sudden amount.
"prices rose steeply"
Translate steeply to
1. به شدت

Answer 127

Steeply

Question 128

verb [transitive]
1 [not in progressive] to think about someone or something in a particular way
regard somebody/something as something
Paul seemed to regard sex as sinful and immoral.
Edith was widely regarded as (=considered by many people to be) eccentric.
His work is highly regarded (=regarded as very good) by art experts.
2 formal to look at someone or something in a particular way
She stood back and regarded him coldly.

Answer 128

Regard

Question 129

منتقد

Answer 129

Critic

Question 130

نامطلوب 1 not good or favourable
They fear it could have an adverse effect on global financial markets.
Miller’s campaign has received a good deal of adverse publicity.
2 → adverse conditions
—adversely adverb
developments which had adversely affected their business

Answer 130

Adverse

Adversely

Question 131

adjective
1 large in amount or number SYN considerable OPP insubstantial
We have the support of a substantial number of parents.
a substantial salary
a substantial breakfast
The document requires substantial changes.
► see thesaurus at big
2 [only before noun] large and strongly made OPP insubstantial
a substantial piece of furniture

Answer 131

Substantial

Question 132

adjective
1 [only before noun] very easy to notice SYN noticeable
a marked lack of enthusiasm
The patient showed a marked improvement in her condition after changing medication.
Miller’s organized desk stood in marked contrast to the rest of the office

Answer 132

Marked

Question 133

1 having a strong influence or effect
profound effect/influence/impact/consequence etc
Tolstoy’s experiences of war had a profound effect on his work.
The mother’s behaviour has a profound impact on the developing child.
profound changes in society
2 showing strong serious feelings SYN deep
a profound sense of guilt
3 showing great knowledge and understanding SYN deep
a profound question
Jenner is a profound thinker.
4 literary deep or far below the surface of something SYN deep
Her work touches something profound in the human psyche.

Answer 133

Profound

Question 134

adjective
1 great and sudden
dramatic change/shift/improvement
Computers have brought dramatic changes to the workplace.
dramatic increase/rise/fall/drop/reduction etc
Universities have suffered a dramatic drop in student numbers.
dramatic effect/results
A serious accident can have a dramatic effect on your family’s finances.
2 exciting or impressive
A superb goal by Owen earned United a dramatic victory yesterday.
Some of the most dramatic events in American history happened here.
the dramatic scenery of the Grand Canyon
► see thesaurus at exciting
3 connected with acting or plays
the amateur dramatic society
the dramatic arts
4 intended to be impressive, so that people notice
She needed a stunning dress to help her make a dramatic entrance.
Tristan threw up his hands in a dramatic gesture.

Answer 134

Dramatic

Question 135

Having effects on a lot of things or people

Answer 135

Far-reaching

Question 136

adjective
too slight or unimportant to have any effect SYN insignificant
The damage done to his property was negligible.
► see thesaurus at unimportant

Answer 136

Negligible effect, small, minimal

Question 137

The effect you want

Answer 137

Desired effect

Question 138

adjective
increasing gradually as more of something is added or happens
Learning is a cumulative process.
cumulative effect (of something)
Depression is often caused by the cumulative effects of stress and overwork.
Examples from the Corpus
cumulative
• During a period of sleep deprivation the effects of sleeplessness may become cumulative.
• The cumulative effect of all of these efforts would ultimately turn the tide.
• This situation, although made worse by the war, was a cumulative problem dating from the period of colonial dependency.
• The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate the power of this cumulative selection as a fundamentally nonrandom process.
• The essential difference between single-step selection and cumulative selection is this.
• The figure illustrates the cumulative ulcer free survival curves of patients randomised to each drug.
cumulative effect (of something)
• Drugs which are rapidly inactivated have advantages, because the risk of overdosage is minimized and there are no cumulative effects.
• During the reign of Charles the Bald, however, such developments not only continued but showed cumulative effects.
• Some have argued that change has a cumulative effect.
• But the cumulative effect is gridlock.
• The cumulative effect of all of these efforts would ultimately turn the tide.
• The cumulative effect of this conscientious blandness denied Lisa a distinctive personality, which limited the fervor of its users.
• The cumulative effect provides an even more impressive testimonial.
• Their cumulative effect would give rise to the microwave background radiation.
From LMDict - Business Dictionary
cu‧mu‧la‧tive /ˈkjuːmjələtɪv-leɪtɪv/ adjective
increasing gradually and having a greater effect as more is added over a period of time
The state is already saddled with a cumulative deficit of about $73 million.
The company faces cumulative losses approaching $7 billion.

Answer 138

Cumulative

Question 139

to make the price or value of something increase
News of the bid has pushed up the group’s share price.
There are fears that import price rises will push up inflation.
Housing starts increased 2.6% in December, pushed up by falling interest rates

Answer 139

Push up

Question 140

adjective
1 badly damaging or destroying something
devastating effect/impact
Acid rain has a devastating effect on the forest.
devastating results/consequences
The oil spill had devastating consequences for wildlife.
It will be a devastating blow for the town if the factory closes.
2 making someone feel extremely sad or shocked
He was in Nice when he heard the devastating news.
Long-term unemployment can be devastating.
3 very impressive or effective
In a devastating display of military muscle, soldiers seized the town.
4 literary extremely attractive
a devastating smile

Answer 140

Devastating

Question 141

در آن زمان

Answer 141

At the time
Back then
At that time

Question 142

1 to prevent someone or something from moving
The broken limb must be immobilized immediately.
She was immobilized with a broken leg.
2 to stop something from working
The car’s security device will immobilize the ignition system.
—immobilization /ɪˌməʊbəlaɪˈzeɪʃən $ ɪˌmoʊbələ-/ noun [uncountable]

Answer 142

Immobolize

Question 143

مطابق اسمش

Answer 143

True to its name

Question 144

زیستگاه های طبیعی

Answer 144

Natural habitat

Question 145

شکارچی

Answer 145

Predator

Question 146

1 slightly wet, often in an unpleasant way
Wipe the leather with a damp cloth.
a cold, damp day
► see thesaurus at wet
2 → damp squib
—dampness

Answer 146

Damp

Question 147

1 when animals produce babies
Open-sea fish lay several million eggs each breeding season.
2 the activity of keeping animals or plants in order to produce animals or plants that have particular qualities
the breeding of pedigree dogs
Benson took great care in selecting breeding stock (=animals you keep to breed from).
3 the fact of coming from a family of high rank and having polite social behaviour
The young lieutenant had an air of wealth and good breeding.

Answer 147

Breeding

Question 148

1 a place or situation where something bad or harmful develops
breeding ground for
Overcrowded slums are breeding grounds for crime.

Answer 148

Breading ground

Question 149

a group of wild animals that hunt together, or a group of dogs trained to hunt together
a wolf pack
pack of
a pack of hounds

Answer 149

Pack

Question 150

a group of sheep, goats, or birds
flock of
a flock of small birds
► see thesaurus at group
2 [countable usually singular] a large group of people SYN crowd
flock of
a flock of children
3 [countable usually singular] a priest’s flock is the group of people who regularly attend his or her church
4 [uncountable] small pieces of wool or cotton that are used for filling cushions
5 (also flocking /ˈflɒkɪŋ $ ˈflaː-/ American English) [uncountable] a soft substance that is used to make patterns on the surface of wallpaper, curtains etc

Answer 150

Flock

Question 151

a group of lions

A young lion had strayed some distance from the pride.

Answer 151

Pride

Question 152

زمین های زمستانی

Answer 152

Wintering ground

Question 153

if an animal hibernates, it sleeps for the whole winter

Answer 153

Hibernate

Question 154

پرنده شناس

Answer 154

Ornithologist

Question 155

formal a trick or plan to deceive an enemy or gain an advantage SYN ploy

Answer 155

Stratagem

Question 156

to gain an advantage over someone using tricks or clever plans
a wolf that had outwitted hunters for years

Answer 156

Outwit

Question 157

a) [intransitive] to be in a position in which your body is flat on the floor, on a bed etc
lie on/in etc
He was lying on the bed smoking a cigarette.
Don’t lie in the sun for too long.
lie there
For a few minutes he just lay there.
lie still/awake etc
She would lie awake worrying.
The dog was lying dead on the floor.
b) (also lie down) [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to put yourself in a position in which your body is flat on the floor or on a bed
lie on
Lie flat on the floor.
lie back
She lay back against the pillows.
c) [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to be in a flat position on a surface

Answer 157

Lie

Question 158

(also hatch out) [intransitive, transitive] if an egg hatches, or if it is hatched, it breaks, letting the young bird, insect etc come out
The eggs take three days to hatch.
2 (also hatch out) [intransitive, transitive] if a young bird, insect etc hatches, or if it is hatched, it comes out of its egg
All the chicks have hatched out.
3 → hatch a plot/plan/deal etc
→ See Verb table

Answer 158

Hatch

Question 159

پترن های کوچ

Answer 159

Migratory pattern

Question 160

noun
1 [uncountable] the scientific study of how objects move through the air
2 [plural] the qualities needed for something to move smoothly through the air

Answer 160

Aerodynamics

Question 161

منقار
پر
بال

Answer 161

Beak
Feather
Wing

Question 162

adjective
1 arid land or an arid climate is very dry because it has very little rain
Water from the Great Lakes is pumped to arid regions.
2 not having any new, interesting, or exciting features or qualities
My mind was arid, all inspiration gone.

Answer 162

Arid

Question 163

جنگل زدایی

Answer 163

Deforestation

Question 164

انقراض

Answer 164

Extinct

Question 165

قریضه

Answer 165

Instinct

Question 166

to make a hole or passage in the ground SYN dig down
burrow into/under/through etc
Mother turtles burrow into the sand to lay their eggs.
► see thesaurus at dig
2 [intransitive, transitive always + adverb/preposition] to press your body close to someone or under something because you want to get warm or feel safe SYN nestle
burrow into/under/down etc
The child stirred and burrowed deeper into the bed.
burrow something into/against etc something
She burrowed her head into his shoulder.
3 [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to search for something that is hidden in a container or under other things SYN rummage
burrow in/into/through etc
Helen burrowed in her bag for a handkerchief.
→ See Verb table
Examples from the Corpus
burrow
• The rabbits had burrowed a hole under the fence.
• The gophers were busy burrowing holes.
• Toads burrow into the earth to hide from their enemies.
• It lays its eggs in your clothes while they are drying on the line and then they burrow into the skin.
• But still they tell them, suggesting how deeply the stories have burrowed into their psyches.
• Hundreds of parishioners were working with bare hands, shovels and harrows, extending the church by burrowing out a crypt.
• Orange flames burrowed through the grass.
• The small mammals alive at this time did not hibernate, but had insulating fur and could burrow underground.
• One group have lost their legs altogether and taken to burrowing underground.
• He threw everything out, clothes, shoes, old wellingtons, burrowing underneath all the mess like an overgrown mole.
• The footing corals start to anchor down on the loose rocks, and the subterranean sponges burrow underneath.
burrow into/under/through etc
• And at the same time I burrowed into that fabric.
• It tried to burrow into the earth.
• Orange flames burrowed through the grass.
• It lays its eggs in your clothes while they are drying on the line and then they burrow into the skin.
• She closed her eyes and let her fingers burrow through the tissue paper until she felt the lace of the collar.
• This results in a ball of cells, which then proceeds to burrow into the wall of the uterus.
• Western spadefoot toads burrow into the wash bottom, emerging to produce another batch of mosquito larvae-eating tadpoles during the summer rains.
burrow into/under/down etc
• And at the same time I burrowed into that fabric.
• It tried to burrow into the earth.
• In burrowing down, the fish made a tube through the mud an inch or so across.
• It lays its eggs in your clothes while they are drying on the line and then they burrow into the skin.
• This results in a ball of cells, which then proceeds to burrow into the wall of the uterus.
• Western spadefoot toads burrow into the wash bottom, emerging to produce another batch of mosquito larvae-eating tadpoles during the summer rains.
• But still they tell them, suggesting how deeply the stories have burrowed into their psyches.
burrow in/into/through etc
• He was burrowing in a briefcase while he waited.
• And at the same time I burrowed into that fabric.
• It tried to burrow into the earth.
• Orange flames burrowed through the grass.
• It lays its eggs in your clothes while they are drying on the line and then they burrow into the skin.
• This results in a ball of cells, which then proceeds to burrow into the wall of the uterus.
• But still they tell them, suggesting how deeply the stories have burrowed into their psyches.
Related topics: Animals
burrow2 noun [countable]
a passage in the ground made by an animal such as a rabbit or fox as a place to live

Answer 166

Burrow

Question 167

بستر رودخانه بستر دریا

Answer 167

River bed

Sea bed

Question 168

1 to prepare and use land for growing crops and plants
The land was too rocky to cultivate.
2 formal to plant and take care of a particular crop SYN grow
We cultivated maize and watermelons.
Register
In everyday English, people usually say someone grows a crop rather than cultivates it:
They have been growing grapes there for hundreds of years.
3 to work hard to develop a particular skill, attitude, or quality
Try to cultivate a more relaxed and positive approach to life.
The company has been successful in cultivating a very professional image.
4 to make an effort to develop a friendly relationship with someone, especially someone who can help you
Professor Gladwyn would be an acquaintance worth cultivating.

Answer 168

Cultivate

Question 169

گلبرگ

Answer 169

Petal

Question 170

pleasantly calm, quiet, and peaceful
a small tranquil village
► see thesaurus at quiet
—tranquilly adverb
—tranquillity British English, tranquility American English /træŋˈkwɪləti/ noun [uncountable]
the tranquillity of the Tuscan countryside
Examples from the Corpus
tranquil
• For a few weeks, the atmosphere on the Street was quiet, almost tranquil.
• If you are calm, it will be tranquil.
• Thick with trees and sparse with homes, this tranquil area 50 miles north of Houston could be a slice of heaven.
• The mind is tranquil but alert, its consciousness commanding the body’s movements.
• Their tranquil dreams broken, they were united in their resolve to repair the damage.
• Efforts are being made to make life more tranquil in Japan’s noisy and overcrowded cities.
• a tranquil mountain community
• But in this tranquil, often overlooked part of the country, the signs of outside intervention are clear.
• In summer, the normally calm, tranquil streets fill with crowds of tourists.
• If I was so tranquil, why was this happening?

Answer 170

Tranquil

Question 171

اختلال

Answer 171

Disturbance

Question 172

تعادل اکولوژیکی

Answer 172

Ecological balance

Question 173

منقرض شدن

Answer 173

Go extinct

Question 174

the effects of an action or event, especially bad effects that continue for some time → consequence
repercussion for
The collapse of the company had repercussions for the whole industry.
repercussion on
There were serious repercussions on his career.
repercussion of
the repercussions of the crisis
political/social/economic etc repercussions

Answer 174

Repercussion

noun [countable usually plural

Question 175

گیاهان و جانوران

Answer 175

Flora and fauna

Question 176

Phenomenon

Answer 176

1 something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand
phenomenon of
the growing phenomenon of telecommuting
Homelessness is not a new phenomenon.
natural/historical/social etc phenomenon
Language is a social and cultural phenomenon.
► see thesaurus at event
2 something or someone that is very unusual because of a rare quality or ability that they have
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES
a new phenomenon
The idea that we may be able to live forever is is not a new phenomenon.
a recent phenomenon
Detailed food labelling is a fairly recent phenomenon.
a common phenomenon
Cloudy water is a common phenomenon in new aquariums.
a rare phenomenon
Planes have occasionally disappeared in midair, but this is a rare phenomenon.
a strange phenomenon
What could explain this strange phenomenon?
a natural phenomenon (=one that happens in nature)
Natural phenomena such as the appearance of comets intrigued him.
a social/cultural etc phenomenon
Crime is a complex social phenomenon.
supernatural/paranormal phenomena (=ones that appear to be against the laws of nature)
Ghosts are one example of paranormal phenomena.

Question 177

خز

Answer 177

Fur

Question 178

دم

Answer 178

Tail

Question 179

فلس

Answer 179

Scales

Question 180

if a company or its work is at the cutting edge of an activity, they are working in the most advanced area of it, using the newest methods, systems, equipment etc
cutting edge of
The scientific and engineering skills which we have developed are at the cutting edge of nuclear technology.

Answer 180

Cutting-edge

Question 181

Giving your own idea

Answer 181

As far as I’m concerned

Question 182

verb [transitive] formal
to make it easier for a process or activity to happen
Computers can be used to facilitate language learning.

Answer 182

Facilitate

Question 183

مقاومت

Answer 183

Resistance

Question 184

1 an accident in which two or more people or vehicles hit each other while moving in different directions → collide
collision with
The school bus was involved in a collision with a truck.
Two people were killed in a head-on collision (=between two vehicles that are moving directly towards each other) on highway 218.
► see thesaurus at accident
2 a strong disagreement between two people or groups
collision between
a collision between the two countries over fishing rights
3 → be on a collision course

Answer 184

Collision

Question 185

سانحه، کشته

Emergency room

Answer 185

Casualty

Question 186

adjective [only before noun]
happening before something that is more important, often in order to prepare for it
the preliminary stages of the competition
a preliminary draft
preliminary to
The discussions were preliminary to preparing a policy paper.
مقدماتی

Answer 186

Preliminary

Question 187

هندسی

هندسه

Answer 187

Geometric

Geometry

Question 188

متوازی الاضلاع

Answer 188

par‧al‧lel‧o‧gram /ˌpærəˈleləɡræm/

Question 189

اریب

Answer 189

Diagonally

Question 190

1 if an organization, system, relationship etc falls apart, it stops being effective or successful
Don’t be reckless or your plans may fall apart.
The health service is falling apart at the seams.
2 be falling apart to be in very bad condition
Tommy’s old bicycle was rusty and falling apart.
3 to break into pieces
The book fell apart in my hands.
4 to be unable to deal with your personal or emotional problems
She had to get some rest or she was going to fall apart.
5 somebody’s world/life falls apart if someone’s world or life falls apart, something very bad and serious happens which changes their life
When his wife left him, his world fell apart.

Answer 190

Fall apart

Question 191

1 [transitive] to allow something to happen, especially by an official decision, rule, or law
Smoking is only permitted in the public lounge.
be permitted to do something
As a punishment, she was not permitted to attend any school activities.
be permitted in/near etc something
Dogs are not permitted inside the shop.
permit somebody something
The bill would permit workers 12 weeks of unpaid leave for family emergencies.
He had more than the permitted level of alcohol in his blood.
► see thesaurus at allow
Register
Permit is a formal word, which is used especially about someone being officially allowed to do something. In everyday situations, people usually say let somebody do something or allow somebody to do something:
His parents won’t let him watch TV after ten o’clock.
2 [intransitive, transitive] to make it possible for something to happen
The large windows permit a clear view of the lake.
permit somebody to do something
The moon permitted me to see a little way into the distance.
I’ll see you after the meeting, if time permits (=if it finishes early enough).
We’ll have a picnic at the beach, weather permitting (=if the weather is good enough).

Answer 191

Permit

Question 192

1 MOVE [intransitive, transitive]
a) to turn a part of your body around or change your position by turning
He twisted his head slightly, and looked up at her.
twist round/around
She twisted round, so that she could see the dog better.
b) if you twist your mouth or features, you smile in an unpleasant way or look angry, disapproving etc
His mouth twisted in a humourless smile.
2 BEND [transitive] to bend or turn something, such as wire, hair, or cloth, into a particular shape
twist something into something
She twisted her handkerchief into a knot.
twist something together
Twist the two ends of the wire together.
3 WIND [transitive always + adverb/preposition] to wind something around or through an object
twist something round/around/through etc something
She twisted a silk scarf round her neck.
Ann twisted some daisies through Katherine’s thick brown hair.
4 TURN [transitive] to turn something in a circle using your hand
twist something off (something)
Jack twisted the cap off the bottle.
5 ROAD/RIVER [intransitive] if a road, river etc twists, it changes direction in a series of curves
The road twisted between spectacular mountains.
6 WORDS [transitive] to change the true or intended meaning of a statement, especially in order to get some advantage for yourself
He’s always trying to twist my words and make me look bad.

Answer 192

Twist

Question 193

fair1 /feə $ fer/ ●●● S1 W2 adjective
1 REASONABLE AND ACCEPTABLE a fair situation, system, way of treating people, or judgment seems reasonable, acceptable, and right OPP unfair
All we are asking for is a fair wage.
£150 is a fair price.
fair trial/hearing
the right to a fair trial
What do you think is the fairest solution?
The report is a fair summary of the issues facing us.
it is fair to do something
It seems fair to give them a second chance.
it’s only fair (that) (=used to say that it is right to do something)
It’s only fair that we tell him what’s happening.
it’s fair to say (that) (=used when you think what you are saying is correct or reasonable)
It’s fair to say that by then he had lost the support of his staff.
it’s not fair on somebody
I can’t carry on working such long hours. It’s not fair on my family.
2 TREATING EVERYONE EQUALLY treating everyone in a way that is right or equal OPP unfair
Why does Eric get to go and I don’t? It’s not fair!
Life isn’t always fair.
fair to
The old law wasn’t fair to women.
it’s only fair (that)
You pay him $10 an hour – it’s only fair that I should get the same.
My boss expects a lot – but he’s very fair.
3 → a fair size/amount/number/bit/distance etc
4 HAIR/SKIN someone who is fair, or who has fair hair or skin, has hair or skin that is very light in colour OPP dark
5 ACCORDING TO THE RULES a fair fight, game, or election is one that is played or done according to the rules OPP unfair
6 LEVEL OF ABILITY neither particularly good nor particularly bad SYN average
Her written work is excellent but her practical work is only fair.
7 WEATHER weather that is fair is pleasant and not windy, rainy etc SYN fine
It should be generally fair and warm for the next few days.
8 → have had more than your fair share of something
9 → give somebody a fair crack of the whip
10 → give somebody/get a fair shake
11 → by fair means or foul
12 → all’s fair in love and war
13 PLEASANT/ATTRACTIVE old use or literary pleasant and attractive
a fair maiden
SPOKEN PHRASES
14 → fair enough
15 → to be fair
16 → be fair!
17 → fair’s fair
18 → fair comment
19 → you can’t say fairer than that
20 → it’s a fair cop
21 → with your own fair hands
THESAURUS
fair treating people equally or in the way that is right
It’s not fair that she gets paid more than me.
Everyone has the right to a fair trial.
just formal morally right and fair
a just punishment
a just cause
a just society
Do you think it was a just war?
reasonable fair and sensible according to most people’s standards
a reasonable request
Lateness, without a reasonable excuse, will not be tolerated.
balanced giving fair and equal treatment to all sides of an argument or subject
Balanced reporting of the news is essential.
even-handed giving fair and equal treatment to everyone, especially when it would be easy to favour one particular group
The drama takes an even-handed look at the consequences of violent crime, both on attackers and their victims.
The film is even-handed and does not try to make you support either side.
equitable /ˈekwətəbəl/ formal giving equal treatment to everyone involved
We need an equitable solution to this problem.
a more equitable distribution of wealth
Examples from the Corpus
fair
• Jenny excels in science, but her grades in English are just fair.
• Mrs. Anderson is strict but she’s fair.
• My grandfather used to say that life isn’t always fair.
• The old system of student funding seemed much fairer.
• Both her children are very fair.
• And yet this is hardly fair.
• Wearing my competition hat, I shall be happy to examine any evidence which suggests that competition is not fair.
• Her husband should help take care of the baby - it’s only fair.
• Kelson has a reputation as a fair and compassionate judge.
• They also have an interest in sport that is seen to be clean, fair and exciting.
• All observers noted that the elections had been free and fair and that conduct had exceeded all expectations.
• It should be generally fair and warm for at least the next three days.
• But people demand a fair chance at justice as surely as they demand medical care.
• Despite the discrimination they suffered, my grandparents remained fair, decent, good people.
• Observers will be present to ensure a free and fair election.
• The new government has promised to hold free and fair elections.
• Julia has blue eyes and fair hair.
• The tax law provides for a deduction of the fair market value of the work of art.
• The Court held that he need not state expressly that his quote was a fair quote.
• Oh it was a fair scandal in our village, I can tell you.
• Someone fair skin like you should probably use a stronger sunscreen.
• The Indians were at first frightened of the fair-skinned Europeans.
• Do you think it’s fair that she gets paid more money than me?
• To be fair, these are complicated, serious issues, and the department has only been discussing them for a short time.
• I’ve always tried to be fair to all my children.
• In order to be fair to everyone, ticket sales are limited to two for each person.
• Everyone has the right to a fair trial.
• All we’re asking for is a fair wage.
fair trial/hearing
• The audi alteram partem rule-the right to a fair hearing.
• The police seem to be a law unto themselves sometimes, even if it does prejudice a fair trial.
• Timothy McVeigh got a fair trial.
• Their lawyers argued the men would not have a fair trial because of the delays, and proceedings against them were stayed.
• The question became how a fair trial could be conducted without the excess.
• Mr Bonin has had a full and fair hearing on all of his claims.
• They also maintained that it would be impossible to hold fair trials so long after the alleged crimes had been committed.
• What I did was win us a change of venue on grounds that a fair trial was impossible in Greene County.
It’s not fair
• She says it’s a nightmare come true and it’s not fair.
• It’s not fair, but then, as Del once pointed out, neither is Frank Bruno’s backside.
• Maybe it’s not fair, having it all come down to one game.
• It’s not fair, I haven’t come off that ladder yet.
• It’s not fair on the people who turn up on time.
• It’s not fair says John.
• It’s not fair to keep him in like that.
Related topics: Outdoor
fair2 ●●○ noun [countable]
1 (also funfair British English) a form of outdoor entertainment, at which there are large machines to ride on and games in which you can win prizes SYN carnival American English
2 American English an outdoor event, at which there are large machines to ride on, games to play, and sometimes farm animals being judged and sold
state/county fair
3 → book/antiques/craft/trade etc fair
4 → job/careers fair
5 British English an outdoor event with games and things to eat and drink, usually organized to get money for a school, club etc SYN fête
6 British English old-fashioned a market where animals and farm products are sold
a horse fair
Examples from the Corpus
fair
• The number of stalls and the range of employers represented at careers fairs has dwindled sharply.
• Her ceramics are sought after at craft fairs in Northallerton, Harrogate and York.
• But then I went to one of those arts-and-crafts fairs.
• Go to a franchise fair, for example.
• Did responsible parents take their children to the state fair?
• Such fairs are a great morale booster for any nurse who feels unappreciated.
• Want the agricultural shows filled with fairs and cheap sideshows so they can enjoy themselves? 9.
state/county fair
• Clark had set up a booth to display his wares at a county fair to which Roosevelt was paying a visit.
• Rains always fell on state and county fairs.
• At the time, North County Fair did not exist.
• Annie hired a new manager, William A.. Banks, who booked her in a number of state fairs.
• None the less, the state fair was going on as scheduled.
• Did responsible parents take their children to the state fair?
• But in 139 years of attending their state fair, the people of Iowa have never seen this: Butter Elvis.
fair3 adverb
1 → win (something)/beat somebody fair and square
2 → play fair
Examples from the Corpus
fair
• Her job is to make sure that the money is distributed fairly.
• I believe I acted fairly when I expelled those students.
From LMDict - Business Dictionary
fair1 /feəfer/ adjective
a situation or arrangement which is fair is reasonable, honest, and acceptable
The committee takes seriously the need to be fair and just in everything it does.
fair voting procedures
All we are asking for is a fair wage.
fair2 noun [countable]
a large show where business people producing a particular product or service can meet to advertise or sell their products
the Frankfurtbook fair
Many businesses deal less formally, for example at trade fairs

Answer 193

Fair

Question 194

And the rest, and so on

Answer 194

etc, et cetera

Question 195

For example

Answer 195

e.g.

Question 196

Note well

Answer 196

written abbreviation used before a piece of important information to make certain that readers notice it:
NB All prices are quoted for a low-season week starting January 6/7.

Question 197

داشتم دیر میکردم

Answer 197

I was running late

Question 198

میخای بگی چه نوع آب و هوایی یا انواع آب و هوا

Answer 198

Types of weather
Kinds of weather
Weather conditions

Question 199

قرص نان

چون نان غ غ ش هست نمیتونیم بگیم ۲ تا نون

Answer 199

Loaves of bread

Question 200

کنار زدن

ماشینو بزنی کنار

Answer 200

Pull over

Question 201

no longer useful, because something newer and better has been invented → out-of-date
obsolete weapons
computer hardware that quickly became obsolete
Will computers render (=make) books obsolete?

Answer 201

Obsolete

Question 202

verb [transitive]
to be the first person to do, invent, or use something
The new cancer treatment was pioneered in the early eighties by Dr Sylvia Bannerjee.

1 someone who is important in the early development of something, and whose work or ideas are later developed by other people
pioneer of
John Whitney was a pioneer of computer animation.
He was a pioneer in the field of biotechnology.
2 one of the first people to travel to a new country or area and begin living there, farming etc
the early pioneers of the Dakota territory

Answer 202

Pioneer

Question 203

noun [countable]
an important new discovery in something you are studying, especially one made after trying for a long time
breakthrough in
Scientists have made a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer.

Answer 203

Breakthrough

Question 204

adjective
groundbreaking work involves making new discoveries, using new methods etc
پیشگامانه

Answer 204

Groundbreaking

Question 205

djective
1 an ingenious plan, idea, or object works well and is the result of clever thinking and new ideas
Many fish have ingenious ways of protecting their eggs from predators.
an ingenious device
2 someone who is ingenious is very good at inventing things or at thinking of new ideas
—ingeniously adverb

Answer 205

Ingenious

Question 206

oun [countable]
something that is an impressive achievement, because it needs a lot of skill, strength etc to do
remarkable/considerable/incredible etc feat
They climbed the mountain in 28 days, a remarkable feat.
feat of
an incredible feat of engineering
perform/accomplish/achieve a feat
the woman who performed the feat of sailing around the world alone
no mean feat (=something that is difficult to do)
It is no mean feat to perform such a difficult piece

Answer 206

Feat

Question 207

phrasal verb
1 come across somebody/something to meet, find, or discover someone or something by chance
I came across an old diary in her desk.
I’ve never come across anyone quite like her before.
We’ve come across a few problems that need resolving.
Register
In written English, people often use encounter when writing about problems or difficulties because this sounds more formal than come across:
The team of researchers had encountered similar problems before.
2 if an idea comes across well, it is easy for people to understand
Your point really came across at the meeting.
3 if someone comes across in a particular way, they seem to have particular qualities SYN come over
as
He comes across as a very intelligent sensitive man.
She sometimes comes across as being rather arrogant.
I don’t think I came across very well (=seemed to have good qualities) in the interview.
→ come→ See Verb table
مواجه شدن

Answer 207

Come across

Question 208

noun [countable]
1 a big jump SYN bound
He threw a stick into the river and the dog went after it in a flying leap.
2 a large increase or change
quantum/great/huge etc leap
a quantum leap (=very great increase or change) in population levels
leap in
a 16% leap in pre-tax profits
leap forward
the huge leap forward that took place in the 1980s

verb (past tense and past participle leapt /lept/ especially British English, leaped especially American English)
1 JUMP
a) [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to jump high into the air or to jump in order to land in a different place
She leapt over the fence.
The smaller animals can easily leap from tree to tree.
b) [transitive] literary to jump over something
Brenda leaped the gate and ran across the field.
► see thesaurus at jump
2 MOVE FAST [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to move very quickly and with a lot of energy
I leapt up the stairs three at a time.
He leapt out of bed.
She leapt to her feet (=stood up quickly) and started shouting.
3 INCREASE [intransitive] to increase quickly and by a large amount OPP tumble
leap to
Profits leapt to £376m.
He leapt 27 places to second spot.
4 → leap at the chance/opportunity
5 → leap to somebody’s defence
6 HEART [intransitive] literary if your heart leaps, you feel a sudden surprise, happiness, or excitement
My heart leaped when I saw Paul at the airport

Answer 208

Leap

Question 209

تا اونجایی که

Answer 209

As far as
As far as someone concerned
As far as something concerned

Question 210

1 take something ↔ off to remove a piece of clothing OPP put on
He sat on the bed to take his boots off.
Charlie was taking off his shirt when the phone rang.
2 if an aircraft takes off, it rises into the air from the ground SYN lift off, → takeoff
I felt quite excited as the plane took off from Heathrow.
3 to suddenly start being successful
Mimi became jealous when Jack’s career started taking off.
4 take something off (something) to have a holiday from work on a particular day, or for a particular length of time
take time off (work/school)
I rang my boss and arranged to take some time off.
take a day/the afternoon etc off
Dad took the day off to come with me.
5 take somebody ↔ off British English informal to copy the way someone speaks or behaves, in order to entertain people

Answer 210

Take off

Question 211

1 take something ↔ up to become interested in a new activity and to spend time doing it
Roger took painting up for a while, but soon lost interest.
2 take something up to start a new job or have a new responsibility
Peter will take up the management of the finance department.
take up a post/a position/duties etc
The headteacher takes up her duties in August.
3 take something ↔ up if you take up a suggestion, problem, complaint etc, you start to do something about it
Now the papers have taken up the story.
take something ↔ up with
The hospital manager has promised to take the matter up with the member of staff involved.
I am still very angry and will be taking it up with the authorities.
4 take up something to fill a particular amount of time or space
be taken up with something
The little time I had outside of school was taken up with work.
take up space/room
old books that were taking up space in the office
5 take something ↔ up to accept a suggestion, offer, or idea
Rob took up the invitation to visit.
take up the challenge/gauntlet
Rick took up the challenge and cycled the 250-mile route alone.
6 take up something to move to the exact place where you should be, so that you are ready to do something
The runners are taking up their positions on the starting line.
7 take something ↔ up to make a piece of clothing shorter OPP let down
8 take something ↔ up to continue a story or activity that you or someone else had begun, after a short break
I’ll take up the story where you left off.

Answer 211

Take up

Question 212

فضای زیادی رو اشغال کردن

Answer 212

Taking up too much space

Question 213

noun [countable]
1 someone who gives money, help, ideas etc to something that a lot of other people are also involved in
campaign contributors
contributor to
Dr Win was a major contributor to the research.
2 someone who writes a story, song, speech etc that forms part of a larger work such as a newspaper, book, broadcast, recording etc
contributor to
a regular contributor to ‘Time’ magazine
3 formal someone or something that helps to cause something to happen
contributor to
Cars are still one of the principal contributors to air pollution.

Answer 213

Contributor

Question 214

ایستگاه مترو

Answer 214

Subway stop

Question 215

To rest by sitting down

ناراحت میشی اگه یه لحظه اینجا بشینم و استراحت کنم؟

Answer 215

Take a loaf off

Do you mind if I take a loaf off??

Question 216

به طور خلاصه

خیلی مختصر و مفید بخوام بگم

Answer 216

in a nutshell

Question 217

To start fresh

To forget about something in the past

Answer 217

To make a clean break

Question 218

To begin a new project or period in your life

Answer 218

To turn over a new leaf

Question 219

To not have definite shape or direction

Answer 219

To be up in the air

Question 220

Not important

Answer 220

No big deal

Question 221

To delay/ postpone/ procrastinate something

Answer 221

To put something off

Question 222

Domino effect

Answer 222

Ripple effect

Question 223

the effects of an action or event, especially bad effects that continue for some time → consequence
repercussion for
The collapse of the company had repercussions for the whole industry.
repercussion on
There were serious repercussions on his career.
repercussion of
the repercussions of the crisis
political/social/economic etc repercussions

Answer 223

Repercussions plural!

Question 224

رد پا

Answer 224

Footprint

Question 225

رکود

Answer 225

Recession

Question 226

To be in a situation that can lead to better opportunities

Answer 226

To have a foot in the door or

Question 227

To arrive

Answer 227

To show up

I showed up for work late one too many times

Question 228

The idiom “describes the minor or routine action that causes an unpredictably large and sudden reaction, because of the cumulative effect of small actions. It alludes to the proverb “it is the last straw that breaks the camel’s back”.

This gives rise to the phrase “the last straw”, or “the final straw”, meaning that the last one in a line of unacceptable occurrences causes a seemingly sudden, strong reaction

Answer 228

the straw that broke the camel’s back”

Question 229

روی پای خودت وایستادن

phrase. If you say that someone or something is on their feet again after an illness or difficult period, you mean that they have recovered and are back to normal. You need someone to take the pressure off and help you get back on your feet. He said they all needed to work together to put the country on its feet again.

Answer 229

To get on your feet

Question 230

بلد نباشی برقصی

Answer 230

To have two left feet

Question 231

1. to treat severely; be harsh towardنسبت به کسی سخت گیر بودن
2. to be difficult, unpleasant, or painful for

Answer 231

To be hard on someone

Question 232

ضمنا

اتفاقا

Answer 232

By the way

Question 233

قاره

Answer 233

Continent

Question 234

کندو

Answer 234

Hive

Question 235

a chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that destroy crops

Answer 235

Pesticide

Question 236

noun
1 [countable] the area where the land meets the sea → coastal
coast of
the west coast of Africa
We drove along the Pacific coast to Seattle.
on the coast
I used to live in a small village on the coast (=on the land near the sea).
off the coast
a small island off the coast (=in the sea near the land) of Scotland
the first European to cross Africa coast to coast
a deserted stretch of coast

Answer 236

Coast

Question 237

1 large in size, amount, or degree
The house stands in extensive grounds.
Fire has caused extensive damage to the island’s forests.
the extensive use of pesticides
2 containing or dealing with a lot of information and details
Extensive research is being done into the connection between the disease and poor living conditions.
The exhibition has received extensive coverage in the national press.

Answer 237

Extensive

Question 238

having a special quality, character, or appearance that is different and easy to recognize

Answer 238

Distinctive

Question 239

1 a way of going from one place to another that is longer than the usual way
make/take a detour
We took a detour to avoid the town centre.
2 American English a different road for traffic when the usual road cannot be used

Answer 239

Detour

Question 240

صدف

Answer 240

Shelfish

Question 241

1 angry and deliberately unfriendly towards someone, and ready to argue with them
Southampton fans gave their former coach a hostile reception.
Carr wouldn’t meet Feng’s stare, which was openly hostile.
his hostile attitude
hostile to/towards
The boy feels hostile towards his father.
► see thesaurus at unfriendly
2 opposing a plan or idea very strongly
hostile to/towards
Senator Lydon was hostile to our proposals.
3 belonging to an enemy
hostile territory
4 used to describe conditions that are difficult to live in, or that make it difficult to achieve something
hostile environment/climate/terrain etc
a guide to surviving in even the most hostile terrain
Sales increased last year despite the hostile economic environment.

Answer 241

Hostile

Question 242

1 [transitive] to show that a particular situation exists, or that something is likely to be true
indicate (that)
Research indicates that over 81% of teachers are dissatisfied with their salary.
Long skid marks on the pavement indicated the driver had attempted to brake.
The study indicates a connection between poverty and crime.
2 [transitive] to say or do something to make your wishes, intentions etc clear
The Russians have already indicated their willingness to cooperate.
Professor Johnson has indicated his intention to retire at the end of next year.
indicate (that)
Ralph patted the sofa to indicate that she should join him.
Please indicate your preference on the booking form.
3 [transitive] to direct someone’s attention to something or someone, for example by pointing
‘That’s her, ’ said Toby, indicating a girl on the other side of the room.
4 [transitive] to represent something
Sales targets are indicated on the graph by a vertical dotted line.

Answer 242

Indicate verb

Question 243

دورتر

بیشتر

Answer 243

Firther

Question 244

سراغ گرفتن از کسی از حال خودت به کسی خبر دادن

Answer 244

check in with someone

Question 245

To experience difficulties dealing with a situation

Answer 245

To have a rough time of it

Question 246

To feel less than healthy

Answer 246

To feel under the weather

Question 247

سرما خوردن

To become sick with a cold or flu

Answer 247

To catch a bug

Question 248

To move on

به چیزی فائق اومدن

Answer 248

To get over it

Question 249

To recover from sickness

To feel healthy agian

Answer 249

To be back on your feet

Question 250

If you are up to speed with a subject or activity, you have all the latest information about it and are able to do it well:
We arranged for some home tutoring to get him up to speed with the other children in his class.
Before we start the meeting I’m going to bring you up to speed with the latest developments.

Answer 250

Up to speed on something

Question 251

to become well again after a serious illness, especially when you might have died:
They said the operation had been successful and they expected his wife to pull through.

Answer 251

To pull through

Question 252

To become worse very quickly

Answer 252

To take a noise-dive

Question 253

Deteriorate, worsen,

Answer 253

To go downhill

Question 254

غافلگیر کردن

Answer 254

To catch off guard

To catch someone off guard

Question 255

To react to a situation emotionally

To respond to something

Answer 255

To take something

Question 256

To handle something as well as can be expected, especially a very difficult situation

Answer 256

To be hanging in there

Question 257

To have a lot of something to deal with,

Answer 257

To be up to your neck in something

Question 258

To be a reasonable match of value and cost

Answer 258

To be worth every dime

Question 259

To do more than is required or expected to help someone

Answer 259

To bend over backwards

Question 260

To have a serious bad effect on someone or something
To cause harm or damage
If you keep working so hard, the stress will eventually take its toll. —often + on Too much sunlight can take a (heavy) toll on your skin. Her illness has taken a toll on her marriage.

Answer 260

To take a/it’s toll

Question 261

سر زدن به خانواده متوفی

Answer 261

To pay your respect

Question 262

To not attend to the normal schedule

Answer 262

To take off from something

Question 263

To prepare to leave

Answer 263

To pack up shop

Question 264

To leave, to depart a place

Answer 264

To be Out the door

Question 265

To have the desire to do something

Answer 265

To feel up to something

Question 266

کسی رو سر قرار قال گذاشتن

Answer 266

Stand somebody up

Question 267

To be worry or angry about something or to think about something

Answer 267

To stew over something

Question 268

To give someone a break, to be understanding of someone’s situation

Answer 268

To cut someone some slack

Question 269

To fail to happen
To not accomplished

to fail or stop in a sudden or final way
Contract negotiations have fallen through.
Our vacation plans have fallen through.

Answer 269

To fall through

Question 270

To fail to something that someone else was depending on it

Answer 270

To leave someone high and dry

Question 271

To compensate someone for something specially something you’ve done wrong before

Answer 271

Make it up to someone

Question 272

While waiting, in the time that passes between one event and another

Answer 272

In the meantime

Question 273

To do or say something that helps to get rid of some strong feelings or energy

Answer 273

Let off steam

She jogs after work to let off steam

Question 274

adjective
not intended to attract a lot of attention to an event, subject, or thing
They want the funeral to be as low-key as possible.
a low-key military operation
Examples from the Corpus
low-key
• On the first day of the blockade, policing was low-key.
• But the campaigns have been very amateurish and low-key and many of the younger people are not interested.
• This year’s campaign was low-key and quiet.
• a low-key approach to management
• Such a low-key comment is not what is required by the popular press at the conclusion of a traumatic trial.
• In the war against Microsoft, it was a low-key day.
• They’re low-key, fun and there’s no pressure to pair anyone off.
• He had an appealing, low-key manner.
• He is rueful, polite, mildly disappointed, and afflicted by a low-key melancholy.
• It was to hold up any new organizing at all, even on

Answer 274

Low-key

Question 275

To see a movie

Answer 275

To catch flick

Question 276

Agree with someone

Answer 276

See eye to eye

My sisters don’t see eye to eye with me about the arrangements

Question 277

hrasal verb informal
to stop paying attention, for example because you are bored or tired
He tends to zone out when I talk to him about my job.

Answer 277

Zone out

Question 278

noun [countable usually singular] American English
a report on what is happening in a sports game, given at the same time as the game is being played
Examples from the Corpus
play-by-play
• Hahn does play-by-play for the Kings.

Answer 278

Play-by-play

Question 279

از خطای کشی گذشتن بدون اینکه تنبیه خاصی اش بکنی

Answer 279

Let someone off easy

Question 280

idiom) in the sense of pay (someone) back
I was always borrowing his clothes, so it was his turn to even the score.

to get enough points, goals, runs, etc., to have the same score as one’s opponent : to tie the score in a game They evened the score at 5–5. 2 : to harm or punish someone who caused one harm.

Answer 280

Even the score

Question 281

To be someone’s responsibility specially financially

Answer 281

To be on someone

Question 282

an amount of money given to someone, especially by the government, for a particular purpose
The university gets a government grant.
Anyone wishing to apply for a grant should write to the Treasurer.
grant of
a grant of £50,000
grant from
These studios are funded by a grant from the Kress Foundation.

1 formal to give someone something or allow them to have something that they have asked for
Britain could grant Spain’s request.
I would love to be able to grant her wish.
grant somebody something
The council have granted him permission to build on the site.
grant something to somebody
A licence to sell alcohol was granted to the club.
grant that (=used in prayers)
Grant that we may know your presence and love.

Answer 282

Grant

Question 283

About, more for technical context,
more or less than a number or amount SYN roughly
The plane will be landing in approximately 20 minutes.
How much do you think it will cost, approximately?

Answer 283

Approximately

Question 284

1 not exactly SYN about, approximately
There were roughly 200 people there.
Azaleas flower at roughly the same time each year.
roughly equal/comparable/equivalent
two rocks of roughly equal size
roughly speaking (=used when saying something without giving exact details or information)
Roughly speaking, I’d say we need about $500.
► see thesaurus at approximate
2 not gently or carefully
He grabbed her roughly.

Answer 284

Roughly

Question 285

having the same value, purpose, job etc as a person or thing of a different kind
equivalent to
a qualification which is equivalent to a degree
I had no dollars, but offered him an equivalent amount of sterling.

something that is equal in value, amount, quality etc to something else
The Japanese bank had the equivalent of $131 billion in assets on March 31.
—equivalent adjective
It must issue 5 million new shares or equivalent convertible securities to complete the deal.

Answer 285

Equivalent

Question 286

About, used with very large numbers or amounts

Answer 286

Somewhere in the region of

Something in the region of

Question 287

preposition formal
used before a date to show that something happened close to but not exactly on that date SYN around
manuscripts dating from circa 1100

Answer 287

Circa

Question 288

Used when the total may be a lot more and you want to emphasize that this is a large amount

Answer 288

Or more
Oe less
Or higher

Question 289

adverb
1 moving or pointing towards a higher position OPP downwards
Pointing upwards, he indicated a large nest high in the tree.
The path began to climb steeply upwards.
2 increasing to a higher level OPP downwards
The expected rate of inflation was revised upwards.
Prices are moving upwards again.
3 more than a particular amount, time etc SYN over
children of 14 and upwards
The meeting was attended by upwards of (=over) 500 people

Answer 289

Upwards

Question 290

used when emphasizing that something is no more and no less than a number or amount, or is completely correct in every detail
It’s exactly half past five.
The figures may not be exactly right, but they’re close enough.
exactly where/what/when etc
I can’t remember exactly what she said.
It’s a tragic situation and no one will ever know exactly what happened.
why/what/where etc exactly …?
Where exactly did you stay in Portugal?
2 used to emphasize that something is the same or different SYN precisely
That’s exactly what we’ve been trying to tell you.
It’s exactly the kind of work I’ve been looking for.
She tries to be exactly like her older sister.
Kevin’s teachers saw him as quiet and serious, but with his friends he was exactly the opposite.
The two candidates responded to the question in exactly the same way.
3 → not exactly
4 spoken used as a reply to show that you think what someone has said is completely correct or true
‘So you think we should sell the house?’ ‘Exactly.’

Answer 290

Exactly

Question 291

1 completely correct in every detail
Police are still investigating the exact cause of the accident.
What were his exact words?
The timing had to be exact.
exact location/position/spot etc
The exact location of the hostages is unknown.
exact date/time/number/amount etc
I know her birthday’s in July, but I can’t remember the exact date.
exact copy/replica etc
It’s not an exact copy, but most people wouldn’t notice the difference.
Some concepts in Chinese medicine have no exact equivalent in Western medicine.

بری اینکه دقیق بگم

Answer 291

Exact

To be exact

Question 292

Exactly but more formal

exactly and correctly SYN exactly
Temperature can be measured precisely.
He arrived at precisely four o’clock.
precisely what/how/where etc
It is difficult to know precisely how much impact the changes will have.
What, precisely, does that mean?
Lathes make wheels, or, more precisely, they make cylindrical objects.
► see thesaurus at exactly
2 used to emphasize that a particular thing is completely true or correct
Women in these jobs are paid less precisely because most of the jobs are held by women rather than men.
She’s precisely the kind of person we’re looking for.
3 spoken formal used to say that you agree completely with someone
‘It needs to be dealt with now.’ ‘Precisely, before it gets any worse.’

Answer 292

Precisely

Question 293

exactly in a particular position or place
right in/in front of/by etc something
She was standing right in the middle of the room.
There’s the house, right in front of you.
right here/there
I left my bags right here.

Answer 293

Right

Question 294

1 with no other person, action, process etc between OPP indirectly
The new property tax law won’t directly affect us.
We hope to bring together the countries directly involved in the conflict.
directly to/from
Application for admission to this course should be made directly to the University.
► see thesaurus at exactly
2 exactly in a particular position or direction SYN right
directly in front of/behind/under etc something
It was a small house, directly behind the church.
The girl was sitting directly opposite him.
Have you noticed how he never looks directly at you?

Answer 294

Directly

Question 295

verb [transitive]
1 to make a place or substance dirty or harmful by putting something such as chemicals or poison in it
Drinking water supplies are believed to have been contaminated.
2 to influence something in a way that has a bad effect
He claims the poster ads have ‘contaminated Berlin’s streets’.
—contamination /kənˌtæməˈneɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]
radioactive contamination

Answer 295

Contaminate

Question 296

تا این سن زندگی میکنند

انتظار میره تا این سن زندگی کنند

Answer 296

Live up to ….

Their Life expectancy

Question 297

formal something that exists as a single and complete unit → being
The mind exists as a separate entity.
Good design brings a house and garden together as a single entity

Answer 297

Entity

Question 298

عادت ساختن

Answer 298

Develop a habit of….

Question 299

1 [singular, uncountable] the need or desire that people have for particular goods and services
Production is increasing faster than demand.
demand for
the demand for new housing
in demand (=wanted)
As a speaker he was always in demand.
→ supply and demand
2 [countable] a very firm request for something that you believe you have the right to get
demonstrations in support of the nationalists’ demands
demand for
their demand for higher salaries
demand that

Answer 299

Demand

Question 300

> I cannot maintain consistency in my efforts

Answer 300

Efferct:attempt:

Question 301

ویژگی بارز من این هست که سخت کوش هستم

Answer 301

My most obvious feature is that I am hardworking.

My most salient characteristic is being hardworking.

Question 302

You have to create your own way to success.

.

Answer 302

You have to pave your own way / construct your own path to success

Question 303

Hard work makes you different than others.

.

Answer 303

Hard work makes you stand out [from the crowd]

Question 304

The common feature of all successful people is their consistency.

Answer 304

The common denominator of all successful people is their consistency.

Question 305

I love new ideas because I am always looking for freshness.

Answer 305

I love new ideas because I am always seeking novelty.

Question 306

I might forget about all of my work plans and leave for an adventure.

Answer 306

I might quit / give up my plans to go off on an adventure

Question 307

Lack of confidence

Answer 307

Insecurity

Question 308

To see and notice

Answer 308

Observe

Question 309

Grow out of something

Answer 309

1 if a child grows out of clothes, he or she becomes too big to wear them SYN outgrow
2 if someone grows out of something, they stop doing it as they get older SYN outgrow
Mike finally seems to be growing out of his rebelliousness.
3 to develop or happen as a result of something else that happened or existed
His art grew out of his love of nature.
legislation which grew out of concern over the increasing crime rate

Question 310

slowly, over a long period of time OPP suddenly
Jill gradually became aware of an awful smell.
Gradually, my ankle got better.
► see thesaurus at slowly
Examples from the Corpus
gradually
• As the weeks passed, I gradually accepted the idea of him leaving.
• The climate is gradually becoming drier and warmer.
• Some patients experience a slow decline in their health as the effectiveness of the drugs gradually decreases.
• Most patients gradually develop a resistance to the drug.
• She gradually got sicker and sicker.
• The first dilemma has been discussed: the managers gradually learned that their subordinates varied extensively in skill and motivation.
• It began to slide toward the gradually opening door.
• These cost reductions occurred gradually over a six-year period. به تدریج

Answer 310

Gradually

Question 311

تعمدا

یا غیر عمدی

Answer 311

Intentionally

Deliberately

Question 312

آگاهانه

Answer 312

consciously

Question 313

هموار کردن مسیر برای

Answer 313

Pave the way for

Question 314

خواب سبک و سنگین

Answer 314

Light sleeper, heavy sleeper

Question 315

خواب بعد از ظهر

Answer 315

The habit of taking a nap in the afternoon

Seista

Question 316

an occasion when something that has happened before happens again
recurrence of
after the recurrence of a back problem
Measures must be taken to stop a recurrence of last night’s violence.

Answer 316

Recurrence

Question 317

کابوس های تکراری

Answer 317

Recurring nightmare

Question 318

infml to sleep very well, without being woken by any noises:

Answer 318

To sleep like a log

Sleep like a baby

Question 319

to keep changing your position in bed because you cannot sleep
I’ve been tossing and turning all night.
→ toss
Examples from the Corpus
toss and turn
• This, and the sound of heavy machinery passing underneath the window, kept me tossing and turning.
• She had slept badly, tossing and turning before falling into a fitful doze.
• Do you fall asleep as soon as your head hits the pillow, or do you toss and turn for hours before dropping off?
• She had slept badly, tossing and turning in the heat though the room had been cool enough.
• If your tossing and turning is taking up needed sleep time, insomnia may be the culprit.
• Recurring thoughts about her conversation with Philippe Fontaine had kept her tossing and turning most of the night

Answer 319

Toss and turn

Question 320

برخی از افراد در مواردی از فلج خواب رنج می برند

Answer 320

Some people suffer from sleep paralysis on occasions

Question 321

دندون قروچه کردن

Answer 321

Grind your teeth

Question 322

something that is crucial is extremely important, because everything else depends on it SYN vital
crucial to
This aid money is crucial to the government’s economic policies.
crucial in/to doing something
The work of monks was crucial in spreading Christianity.
play a crucial role/part in something
The city of Mycenae played a crucial role in the history of Greece.
The conservation of tropical forests is of crucial importance.

Answer 322

Crucial

Question 323

1 confused and not understanding what is happening around you
2 confused about where you are or which direction you should go
When he emerged into the street, he was completely disoriented.
Examples from the Corpus
disoriented
• At first, the fire had left them shocked and disoriented.
• He sat up, feeling weak, disoriented.
• I come out of the theater feeling disoriented.
• Everybody is exhausted and disoriented after three weeks on the road.
• Jean-Pierre felt faintly disoriented by it.
• Mrs Roberts, indeed, who felt completely disoriented, clung on absurdly to the reality of Martin Parr.
• The drumming disoriented him, the darkness frightened him; he shouted out.
• The pilot became disoriented in bad weather over the ocean.

Answer 323

Disoriented

Question 324

منحصر به فرد

پیشگامانه groundbreaking

Answer 324

One of a kind

First of its kind

Question 325

a study led by = a study conducted by = a study done by

Question 326

پیامد الزاما منفی نیست countable usually plural] a possible future effect or result of an action, event, decision etc
implication of
What are the implications of these proposals?
This election has profound implications for the future of U.S. democracy.
consider/discuss/examine the implications
His talk will examine the wider implications of the Internet revolution.
practical/financial/political etc implications
2 [uncountable] a situation in which it is shown or suggested that someone or something is involved in a crime or a dishonest act → implicate
the implication of somebody (in something)
the implication of the former Chief of Staff in a major scandal
3 [countable, uncountable] a suggestion that is not made directly but that people are expected to understand or accept → imply
They are called ‘Supertrams’, the implication being that (=which is meant to suggest that) they are more advanced than earlier models.
by implication
The law bans organized protests and, by implication, any form of opposition.

Answer 326

Implication

Question 327

مدیر مخصوصا مدیر مدرسه و‌ مدیر جاهای علمی

Answer 327

Principal

Question 328

ارزش
1 MORAL RULE [countable, uncountable] a moral rule or belief about what is right and wrong, that influences how you behave
Schools try to teach children a set of principles.
He’s got no principles at all!
It’s against my principles to accept gifts from clients.
2 IDEA BEHIND SOMETHING [countable] the basic idea that a plan or system is based on
The general principle is that education should be available to all children up to the age of 16.
basic/fundamental/guiding principle
the basic principles of business management
principle of
the principles of French law
principle that
Reflexology is based on the principle that specific areas on the feet correspond to different parts of the body.
on a principle
The project worked on the principle that each person’s experience was equally valuable.
principle behind
the principles behind government policies
He called for a return to first principles (=the most important ideas) of road safety for children.
Similar principles apply in the case of older children (=the principles are the same as others that have been mentioned).
3 → in principle
4 RULES OF A PROCESS [countable] a rule which explains the way something such as a machine works, or which explains a natural force in the universe
Archimedes’ principle
principle of
the basic principles of physics
► Do not confuse the noun principle with the noun and adjective principal: a former principal of the college | her principal tasks

Answer 328

Principle

Question 329

noun
1 → be in a muddle/get into a muddle
2 [countable usually singular, uncountable] when there is confusion about something, and things are done wrong as a result
Our accountant finally managed to sort out the muddle.
muddle over/about
There was a bit of a muddle over our hotel reservations.
Examples from the Corpus
muddle
• Unless, of course, there had been a muddle in the names.
• Gerald Ford getting into a muddle about what was and wasn’t a Warsaw Pact country.
• It is too valuable a document of human heartbreak and muddle to be scorned or dismissed.
• Over the years the generations had gotten into a chronological muddle.
• She could sense his muddle, and it touched her.
• a legal muddle
• Nevertheless, if we allow ourselves to be swayed by every fashion that comes along, we live in a perpetual muddle.
• This book assesses the technological fix for the muddle left by downsizing and reengineering.
• None of the muddle in her room mattered.
muddle over/about
• Gerald Ford getting into a muddle about what was and wasn’t a Warsaw Pact country.
• There was a muddle about his origins, wasn’t there?
• You can see why it is easy to be muddled about carbohydrate.
• Was it muddled over the association between money wage changes and real wage changes?
muddle2 (also muddle up) verb [transitive] especially British English
1 to put things in the wrong order
Someone’s muddled up all the papers on my desk.
The government seems to have lost its way and muddled its priorities.
2 to confuse one person or thing with another, and make a mistake SYN mix up
The twins are so alike that it’s easy to muddle them up.
Spanish and Italian are very similar and I sometimes get them muddled up.
muddle something with something
Be careful not to muddle the files you’ve already worked on with the others.
3 to confuse someone, especially so that they make a mistake
Don’t muddle her with all the extra details at the moment.
Could you just repeat those figures – I’ve got a bit muddled up.
→ muddle along/on
در هم ریحتن
به هم ریختکی

Answer 329

Muddle

Question 330

a study that looks at -> a study revolving around / a study pertaining to / a study discussing /a study evaluating

Question 331

If something happens in the course of a particular period of time, it happens during that period of time.
In the course of the 1930s, steel production in Britain approximately doubled.
We struck up a conversation, in the course of which it emerged that he was a sailing man.

Answer 331

In the course of ….

Question 332

to become very successful or very strong and healthy
plants that thrive in tropical rain forests
a business which managed to thrive during a recession
Register
In everyday English, people usually say do well rather than thrive:
The whole family seems to be doing well.

if a company, market, or place is thriving, it is very successful and making a lot of money
Our natural food supermarkets are thriving.

Answer 332

Thrive

Question 333

از اونجاییکه تا زمانیکه

Answer 333

As long as

Question 334

مگر. اینکه

Answer 334

Un less

Question 335

used to say that something will only be possible if something else happens or is done SYN provided
You can borrow the car, providing I can have it back by six o’clock.

Answer 335

Providing, provided

Question 336

1) It was nice of you to do something
It was silly of you to forgive him!

2) be nice to somebody
She was very cruel to all the people in the party

3) be +adj+ with+somebody+ for doing something
Are you annoyed with me for being late ?

4) be+ adj+ about something وقتی تو پروسه اش هستی
5) be+ adj+ with the result of something you received or done

6)

Question 337

تحت تاثیر فلان چیز قرار گذفتن

Answer 337

To be impressed by something

Question 338

1 making someone suffer or feel unhappy
His death was a cruel blow.
Sometimes life seems unbearably cruel.
► see thesaurus at unkind
2 deliberately hurting people or animals OPP kind
The prisoner was a hard cruel man.
cruel jokes about mothers-in-law
It was a cruel tactless thing to say.
cruel to
She was often cruel to her sister.
3 → be cruel to be kind

Answer 338

Cruel

Creuely

Question 339

adjective
informal annoyed or bored, and wanting something to change
She felt tired and a bit fed up.
fed up with
I’m really fed up with this constant rain.
Anna got fed up with waiting

Answer 339

To be fed up

To be bored

Question 340

To be tired of something

Answer 340

To be sick of something

Question 341

1) Sorry about something(noun)-> You are sorry about something bad that has happened:
I’m sorry about what I said.
I’m sorry about your car (=sorry that your car has been damaged).
2) You are sorry for the delay, the inconvenience, or the trouble:
The next train will arrive in 12 minutes. We are sorry for the delay.
• You are sorry for doing something bad:
I’m sorry for upsetting you.
3) You are sorry that you did something or sorry that something happened:
I’m sorry that I can’t come.
‘That’ can be omitted:
I’m sorry you didn’t get the job.
4) If you are sorry to do something, it makes you sad to do it:
I’ll be sorry to leave this place.
✗Don’t say: I’ll be sorry for leaving this place.
5) feel sorry or be sorry for someone who is in a bad situation متاسفم برای فلانی یا خودم

Question 342

1 feeling very sorry and embarrassed because of something you have done
ashamed of/at
I felt ashamed of the things I’d said to him.
be ashamed to do something
I’m ashamed to admit that I’ve never read any of his books.
ashamed that
She felt ashamed that she had missed her sister’s wedding.
deeply/bitterly/thoroughly ashamed
Alan was deeply ashamed when he remembered what he’d said.
Everyone cries sometimes – it’s nothing to be ashamed of.
be/feel ashamed of yourself
You should be ashamed of yourself.
2 feeling uncomfortable because someone does something that embarrasses you
ashamed of
Many children feel ashamed of their parents.
ashamed to be/do something
Their behaviour makes me ashamed to be British.

Answer 342

To be ashamed

To feel ashamed

Question 343

wanting something that someone else has → jealous
envious of
Colleagues were envious of her success.
envious looks
► see thesaurus at jealous
—enviously adverb
Examples from the Corpus
envious
• I see people who have opportunities I don’t have, and I get envious.
• They were in this life to make other people feel envious.
• Their ideas gain plausibility amongst the idle, the envious and the unlettered.
• My feet were the embarrassing target of envious gazes.
• One of the fantasies of the envious is that the other has everything.
• People will become more envious, more mistrustful, more vindictive.
• Lewis was envious of Forney’s success.
• We are envious of others who have power because they represent a threat.
• She looks good, and enjoys the envious stares of other women.

Answer 343

Envious of someone or something

Question 344

مضنون به کسی بودن

Answer 344

Be suspicious of someone

Question 345

1 CRITICIZING if you are critical, you criticize someone or something
critical of
Many economists are critical of the government’s economic policies.
Many parents are strongly critical of the school.
He made some highly critical remarks.
2 IMPORTANT something that is critical is very important because what happens in the future depends on it SYN crucial
critical to
These talks are critical to the future of the peace process.
It is absolutely critical for us to know the truth.
Foreign trade is of critical importance to the economy.
3 SERIOUS/WORRYING a critical time or situation is serious and worrying because things might suddenly become much worse
The fighting has stopped, but the situation is still critical.
changes that took place during the critical period at the end of the war
► see thesaurus at serious
4 ILL so ill that you might die
He is still in a critical condition in hospital.
She is in intensive care, where she remains critical but stable.
5 → the critical list
6 MAKING JUDGMENTS making careful judgments about how good or bad something is
His book provides a critical analysis of the television industry in Britain.
She looked round the room with a critical eye.
7 ART/LITERATURE according to critics who give judgments about art, films, theatre, and books
The book came out last year to great critical acclaim (=critics said it was very good).
Her first play was a critical success (=critics said it was good).

Answer 345

Be critical of someone

Question 346

adjective
1 allowing people to do, say, or believe what they want without criticizing or punishing them OPP intolerant → tolerate
tolerant of/towards
Luckily, my parents were tolerant of my choice of music.
a tolerant society
2 plants that are tolerant of particular weather or soil conditions can exist in those conditions
tolerant of
trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds

Answer 346

Tolerant of someone or someone adj.

tol‧e‧rate /ˈtɒləreɪt $ ˈtɑː-/ ●●○ verb [transitive]
1 to allow people to do, say, or believe something without criticizing or punishing them → tolerant, tolerance
We simply will not tolerate vigilante groups on our streets.
2 to be able to accept something unpleasant or difficult, even though you do not like it → tolerant, tolerance SYN stand, bear

Question 347

آگاه بودن از چیزی

Answer 347

Aware/ conscious of something

Question 348

2 able to do things well
a strong capable woman
توانایی انجام کاری رو داشتن

Answer 348

Capable of something

Incapable of something

Question 349

adjective (comparative shorter, superlative shortest)
1 TIME happening or continuing for only a little time or for less time than usual OPP long
a short meeting
Morris gave a short laugh.
a short course on business English
Winter is coming and the days are getting shorter.
I’ve only been in Brisbane a short time.
For a short while (=a short time), the city functioned as the region’s capital.
I learned a lot during my short period as a junior reporter.
Germany achieved spectacular economic success in a relatively short period of time.
They met and married within a short space of time.
I promise to keep the meeting short and sweet (=short in a way that is good, especially not talking for a long time).
For a few short weeks (=they seemed to pass very quickly), the sun shone and the fields turned gold.
2 LENGTH/DISTANCE measuring a small amount in length or distance OPP long
a short skirt
Anita had her hair cut short.
They went by the shortest route, across the fields.
Carol’s office was only a short distance away, and she decided that she would walk there.
a short walk/flight/drive
It’s a short drive to the airport.
The hotel is only a short walk from the beach.
3 NOT TALL someone who is short is not as tall as most people OPP tall
a short plump woman
Chris was short and stocky, with broad shoulders.
He’s a bit shorter than me.
4 BOOK/LETTER a book, letter etc that is short does not have many words or pages OPP long
a short novel
I wrote a short note to explain.
→ short story
5 NOT ENOUGH
a) if you are short of something, you do not have enough of it
be short (of something)
Can you lend me a couple of dollars? I’m a little short.
be short of money/cash/funds
Our libraries are short of funds.
be 5p/$10 etc short
Have you all paid me? I’m about £9 short.
I’m a bit short British English spoken (=I haven’t got much money at the moment)
somebody is not short of something British English (=they have a lot of it)
Your little girl’s not short of confidence, is she?
They’re not short of a few bob (=they are rich).
b) if something is short, there is not enough of it
Money was short in those days.
It’s going to be difficult – time is short.
Gasoline was in short supply (=not enough of it was available) after the war.
6 → be short on something
7 LESS THAN a little less than a number
short of
Her time was only two seconds short of the world record.
just/a little short of something
She was just short of six feet tall.

Answer 349

To be short of something

Question 350

having the usual features or qualities of a particular group or thing
typical British weather
typical of
This painting is typical of his work.
This advertisement is a typical example of their marketing strategy.
2 happening in the usual way
On a typical day, our students go to classes from 7.30 am to 1 pm.
Try calculating your budget for a typical week.
3 behaving in the way that you expect
Bennett accepted the award with typical modesty.
it is typical of somebody to do something
It’s not typical of Gill to be so critical.
Mr Stevens’ appointment was a typical case of promoting a man beyond his level of competence.

Answer 350

Typical of

It’s typical of him to do something

Question 351

adjective
1 [not before noun] confident and sure, without any doubts SYN sure
certain (that)
I’m absolutely certain that I left the keys in the kitchen.
I felt certain that I’d passed the test.
certain who/what/how etc
I’m not certain when it will be ready.
certain about/of
Now, are you certain about that?
They were watching him. He was certain of it.
► see thesaurus at sure
Register
In everyday English, people usually say sure rather than certain:
I’m sure I gave him the money.
2 if something is certain, it will definitely happen or is definitely true
It now seems certain that there will be an election in May.
Many people look certain to lose their jobs.
It is wise to apply early to be certain of obtaining a place.
It’s not certain where he lived.
His re-election was considered virtually certain.
It is by no means certain that the deal will be accepted.
If they stayed in the war zone they would face certain death.

Answer 351

Certain

Certain of ….

Question 352

noun [countable]
1 SKILLED PERSON someone who is very skilled at something
master of
Runyon was a master of the short story.
a master of disguise
Hitchcock was an acknowledged master of suspense.
master at (doing) something
She’s a master at manipulating people.
a work of art by a true master

Answer 352

Master
master2 ●●○ verb [transitive]
1 to learn a skill or a language so well that you have no difficulty with it
the skills needed to master a new language
I never quite mastered the art of walking in high heels.
► see thesaurus at learn
2 to manage to control a strong emotion SYN overcome
He had learned to master his fear of heights.

Question 353

noun
1 [countable, uncountable] a piece of work that is given to someone as part of their job
on an assignment
She’s gone to Italy on a special assignment.
on assignment
He was killed while on assignment abroad.
2 [countable] a piece of work that a student is asked to do
a history assignment
3 [uncountable] when people are given particular jobs to do
4 [countable] something such as a place to sit, piece of equipment etc that you are given to use for a particular purpose
an aeroplane seat assignment

Answer 353

Assignment

Question 354

noun
1 [countable, uncountable] the main ideas or facts about something, without the details
a research proposal outline
outline of
an outline of world history
broad/rough/general outline
a broad outline of the committee’s plans
in outline
A debt reduction scheme was agreed in outline (=people agreed on its main points).
2 [countable, uncountable] a line around the edge of something which shows its shape
outline of
The outlines of animals were cut into the rock.
an outline map of Europe
in outline
figures drawn in outline
3 [countable] a plan for a piece of writing in which each new idea or fact is separately written down

outline2 ●●○ verb [transitive]
1 to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details
The new president outlined plans to deal with crime, drugs, and education.
2 to show the edge of something, or draw around its edge, so that its shape is clear
a map with our property outlined in red
trees outlined against the sky
Grammar
Outline is usually passive in this meaning.

Answer 354

Outline

Question 355

erb [transitive]
1 formal to remove an object from somewhere, especially with difficulty SYN pull out
You’ll have to have that tooth extracted.
extract something from something
He extracted an envelope from his inside pocket.
2 to carefully remove a substance from something which contains it, using a machine, chemical process etc
extract something from something
Oils are extracted from the plants.
3 to get something which you want from someone, such as information, money, help etc, especially when they do not want to give it to you
extract something from somebody
She had extracted a promise from him.
They used torture to extract information about their families.
4 to take information or a short piece of writing from a book
We need to extract the relevant financial data.
5 to get an advantage or good thing from a situation
extract something from something
They aim to extract the maximum political benefit from the Games.

Answer 355

Extract

Question 356

verb [transitive] especially British English informal
1 to throw something in a careless or relaxed way
chuck something on/out of/into etc something
Tania chucked her bag down on the sofa.
I chucked a few things into a suitcase and left.
chuck somebody something
Chuck me that pen, would you?
2 to throw something away because you do not want it anymore
I think I might have chucked it by mistake.
3 (also chuck something ↔ in) to leave your job
You haven’t chucked your job, have you?

Answer 356

Chuck

Question 357

verb [intransitive, transitive]
to understand something that is complicated or difficult SYN understand, grasp, → comprehension
She cannot comprehend the extent of the disaster.
I did not fully comprehend what had happened.
comprehend what/how/why etc
It may be hard to comprehend how much this gift means for my country.
comprehend that
Finally, she comprehended that he wanted his pay.
► see thesaurus at understand
Register
In everyday English, people usually say understand rather than comprehend:
I could understand most of what she was saying.
GRAMMAR: Patterns with comprehend
• Comprehend is often used in the negative, especially with can’t/cannot:
I cannot comprehend why anyone would do that.

Answer 357

Comprehend

Question 358

verb (grabbed, grabbing) [transitive]
1 WITH YOUR HAND to take hold of someone or something with a sudden or violent movement SYN snatch
I grabbed my bag and ran off.
Two men grabbed her and pushed her to the ground.
Kay grabbed hold of my arm to stop herself falling.
grab something from somebody/something
I managed to grab the gun from Bowen.
► see thesaurus at hold
2 FOOD/SLEEP informal to get some food or sleep quickly because you are busy SYN snatch
Why don’t you go and grab some sleep?
Hang on while I grab a cup of coffee.
Let’s grab a bite to eat before we go.
3 GET SOMETHING FOR YOURSELF to get something for yourself, sometimes in an unfair way
Try to get there early and grab good seats.
Bob tried to grab all the profit.
4 CHANCE/OPPORTUNITY (also grab at something) informal to take an opportunity, accept an invitation etc immediately
I think you should grab your chance to travel while you’re young.
She grabbed the opportunity to go to America.
Melanie grabbed at the invitation to go.
This is our chance to grab a slice of this new market.
5 GET ATTENTION to get someone’s attention
The book is full of good ideas to grab your students’ attention.
The plight of the refugees immediately grabbed the headlines (=was the most important story in the newspapers).
6 INFORMATION to take information on a computer, website etc

Answer 358

Grab

Question 359

فاکتور تعیین کننده

Answer 359

Final determinant

Question 360

استعداد ذاتی

Answer 360

Inherent talent

a quality that is inherent in something is a natural part of it and cannot be separated from it
inherent in
I’m afraid the problems you mention are inherent in the system.
Every business has its own inherent risks.
—inherently adverb
Firefighting is an inherently dangerous occupation.

Question 361

1 [transitive] to understand how serious or important a situation or problem is or what someone’s feelings are SYN realize
appreciate the significance/importance/value of something
He did not fully appreciate the significance of signing the contract.
appreciate that
We appreciate that caring for children is an important job.
appreciate what/how/why
It is difficult to appreciate how bad the situation had become.
2 [transitive] used to thank someone in a polite way or to say that you are grateful for something they have done
Thanks ever so much for your help, I really appreciate it.
I appreciate your concern, but honestly, I’m fine.
I’d appreciate it if you let me get on with my job.
3 [transitive] to understand how good or useful someone or something is
Her abilities are not fully appreciated by her employer.
I’m not an expert, but I appreciate fine works of art.
4 [intransitive] technical to gradually become more valuable over a period of time OPP depreciate

Answer 361

Appreciate

Question 362

حرفم برات سند باشه

Answer 362

Take my word for it

Question 363

وقتی لایف استایلت تغییر کنه عادت هات هم بر طبق اون تغییر می کنه

Answer 363

When your lifestyle change, your habits will change accordingly

Question 364

To be bad at something

Answer 364

To be hopeless at something

To be useless at something

Question 365

depict (someone or something) in a work of art or literature.

Answer 365

Portray

Question 366

1 formal to remove an object from somewhere, especially with difficulty SYN pull out
You’ll have to have that tooth extracted.
extract something from something
He extracted an envelope from his inside pocket.
2 to carefully remove a substance from something which contains it, using a machine, chemical process etc
extract something from something
Oils are extracted from the plants.
3 to get something which you want from someone, such as information, money, help etc, especially when they do not want to give it to you
extract something from somebody
She had extracted a promise from him.
They used torture to extract information about their families.
4 to take information or a short piece of writing from a book
We need to extract the relevant financial data.
5 to get an advantage or good thing from a situation
extract something from something
They aim to extract the maximum political benefit from the Games.

Answer 366

Extract

Question 367

داستان

رمان

Answer 367

Fiction

Question 368

verb
1 [intransitive, transitive] to repeat exactly what someone else has said or written
quote from
She quoted from a newspaper article.
He quoted a short passage from the Bible.
A military spokesman was quoted as saying that the border area is now safe.
quote somebody on something
Can I quote you on that?
2 [transitive] to give a piece of information that is written down somewhere
You can order by phoning our hotline and quoting your credit card number.
He quoted a figure of 220 deaths each year from accidents in the home.
3 [transitive] to give something as an example to support what you are saying SYN cite
Mr Jackson quoted the case of an elderly man who had been evicted from his home.
quote something as something
He quoted the example of France as a country with a good rail service.
The nurses’ union was quoted as an example of a responsible trade union.
4 [transitive] to tell a customer the price you will charge them for a service or product
They quoted a price of £15,000.
quote something for something
The firm originally quoted £6,000 for the whole job.
5 [transitive] to give the price of a share or currency
The pound was quoted this morning at just under $1.46.

Answer 368

Quote

Question 369

For example (less formal)

Answer 369

For instance

Question 370

مخصوصا، علی الخصوص

Answer 370

Particularly

In particular

Question 371

1 having the usual features or qualities of a particular group or thing
typical British weather
typical of
This painting is typical of his work.
This advertisement is a typical example of their marketing strategy.
2 happening in the usual way
On a typical day, our students go to classes from 7.30 am to 1 pm.
Try calculating your budget for a typical week.
3 behaving in the way that you expect
Bennett accepted the award with typical modesty.
it is typical of somebody to do something
It’s not typical of Gill to be so critical.
Mr Stevens’ appointment was a typical case of promoting a man beyond his level of competence.
4 → typical!
THESAURUS
typical a typical person or thing is a good example of that type of person or thing
With his camera around his neck, he looked like a typical tourist.
The windows are typical of houses built during this period.
classic used to describe a very typical and very good example of something
It was a classic case of the cure being worse than the disease.
a classic mistake
The book is a classic example of great teamwork.

Answer 371

Typical

Question 372

Be a good, typical, classic, notable, obvious, fine, outstanding, perfect, prime, notable example

Question 373

adjective [only before noun]
1 most important SYN main
Smoking is the prime cause of lung disease.
Our prime concern is providing jobs for all young school leavers.
He was named as the prime suspect in the murder investigation.
Good management is of prime importance in business.
► see thesaurus at main
2 of the very best quality or kind
prime rib of beef
prime agricultural land
The hotel is in a prime location overlooking the valley.

Answer 373

Prime

Question 374

adjective
something bad that is blatant is very clear and easy to see, but the person responsible for it does not seem embarrassed or ashamed
blatant discrimination
► see thesaurus at obvious

Answer 374

Blatant

Question 375

adjective
1 very bad and very noticeable SYN obvious
The book’s most glaring omission is the lack of an index.
a glaring example of political corruption
2 too bright and difficult to look at SYN dazzling
the glaring light of high noon

Answer 375

Glaring

Question 376

adjective
1 a graphic account or description of an event is very clear and gives a lot of details, especially unpleasant ones SYN vivid
a graphic account of her unhappy childhood
His illness is described in graphic detail.

Answer 376

Graphic

Question 377

adjective
1 using your power in a dishonest or illegal way in order to get an advantage for yourself OPP incorruptible
Corrupt judges have taken millions of dollars in bribes.

Answer 377

Corrupt

Question 378

نمونه بارز اش
a good example of something:
Supermarkets often charge too much for goods. Bananas are a case in point.

Answer 378

Be a case in point

Question 379

همیشه اول جمله میان در حالتیکه بخواهیم برای جمله قبلی یک مثال تعریف کنیم

Answer 379

Take & consider

Question 380

as an example
Formal

By way of illustration, let us examine this poem

Answer 380

By way of illustration

Question 381

به ان نشان که

Answer 381

Be shown by

The people who lives here are quite rich, this is shown by the size of their house.

Question 382

در مورد …. هم صدق می کند

Answer 382

This is true of

Question 383

شامل

Answer 383

Including

Question 384

Used after examples of something when saying that there are many more that you could mention

What are the problems with house? Well, to name a few, the décor is ugly, it feels very drafty, and several of the appliances don’t work.
We have a huge range of exotic teas—assam, pu-erh, guayusa, yerba mate, to name but a few.
See also: few, na

Answer 384

To name but a few

Question 385

به غیر از

Answer 385

Except , except for, except that (بعدش جمله میاد)
Except in(اول جمله میاد)

Question 386

به غیر از یکی دو تا موضوع کوچیک

Answer 386

Aside from, apart from

Question 387

preposition
not including – used especially when you are making a list or calculating a total OPP including
Television is watched in 97 per cent of American homes (excluding Alaska and Hawaii).
Examples from the Corpus
excluding
• The trip costs $1300, excluding airfare.
From LMDict - Business Dictionary
ex‧clud‧ing /ɪkˈskluːdɪŋ/ written abbreviation excl preposition
used to say that something is not included in a total or a set of things
Deficit, excluding invisible items such as banking and insurance, was £4.5 billion.

Answer 387

Excluding

Question 388

به غیر از

Formal

Answer 388

With the exception of

With one exception

Question 389

Nothing, no one, any, anyone, anything, all, everything, everyone BUT

Question 390

Except
مخصوصا در. جمله های منفی
apart from a particular person or thing SYN except
The truth was known to no one other than herself.
He doesn’t eat pork, but other than that he’ll eat just about anything.جدای از ….

Answer 390

Other than

Question 391

someone who suffers, especially from a particular illness → victim
sufferer from
sufferers from headaches
AIDS/cancer/asthma/arthritis etc sufferers
a support group for cancer sufferers

Answer 391

Sufferer

Question 392

1 SHOW to show something that is usually covered or hidden
He lifted his T-shirt to expose a jagged scar across his chest.
expose something to something
Potatoes turn green when exposed to light.
► see thesaurus at show
2 TO SOMETHING DANGEROUS to put someone in a situation where they are not protected from something dangerous or unpleasant
expose somebody to something
The report revealed that workers had been exposed to high levels of radiation.
expose yourself to ridicule/criticism etc (=say or do something that may make people laugh at you, criticize you etc)
3 TELL THE TRUTH to show the truth about someone or something, especially when it is bad
The film exposes the utter horror of war.
The report exposes the weaknesses of modern medical practice.
expose somebody as something
The baron was exposed as a liar and a cheat.
4 SEE/EXPERIENCE to make it possible for someone to experience new ideas, ways of life etc
expose somebody to something
Some children are never exposed to classical music.
5 → expose yourself
6 PHOTOGRAPH to allow light onto a piece of film in a camera in order to take a photograph
7 FEELINGS to show other people feelings that you usually hide, especially when this is not planned
I’m afraid I might expose my real feelings for him.
→ See Verb table

Answer 392

Expose

Question 393

1 (also seal up) to close an entrance or a container with something that stops air, water etc from coming in or out of it
The window was sealed shut.
seal a joint/crack/opening/gap
A quick way to seal awkward gaps is to use a foam filler.
Dried milk is kept in hermetically sealed (=very tightly closed) containers.
► see thesaurus at close
2 if a building, area, or country is sealed, no one can enter or leave it
Authorities plan to seal the border.
3 to close an envelope, package etc by using something sticky to hold its edges in place
He wrote the address and sealed the envelope.
4 to cover the surface of something with something that will protect it
Wooden decks should be sealed to prevent cracking.

Answer 393

Seal

Question 394

جواب دادن

جواب پس دادن

Answer 394

Answer

Answer to

Question 395

adjective
saying things that are the opposite of what you mean, in order to make an unkind joke or to show that you are annoyed
Was she being sarcastic?
sarcastic remark/comment/question
He can’t help making sarcastic comments.
sarcastic manner/smile/laugh etc
‘I thought so, ’ she said with a sarcastic smile.
—sarcastically /-kli/

Answer 395

Sarcastic adj

Sarcastically adv

Question 396

عدم تاییدم رو ابراز میکنم

Answer 396

I express my disapproval of his decisions

Question 397

It is necessary/ critical/ recommended/ important/ pivotal that clause with A SIMPLE VERB FOR ALL SUBJECTS

Answer 397

it’s necessary that we be more attentive to our culture

Question 398

adjective
more important than anything else in a situation, system etc SYN key
The Bank of England has a pivotal role in the London money market.
pivotal to
The talks are pivotal to the success of the country.

Answer 398

Pivotal ˈpɪvətəl

Question 399

djective
1 listening to or watching someone carefully because you are interested OPP inattentive
an attentive audience
2 making sure someone has everything they need
attentive to
Customers want companies that are attentive to their needs.
—attentively adverb
—attentiveness noun [uncountable]
Examples from the Corpus
attentive
• Atmosphere is easy going, service is attentive.
• It is an excellent place for families as the staff are friendly, relaxed and attentive.
• The waiters were attentive and friendly.
• As a husband, he fulfilled the model role of an attentive and loving spouse.
• He, too, looks attentive, as if awaiting an order.
• The egoist might now appeal to the difference between awareness and attentive attentiveness.
• an attentive father
• The younger men were cynically attentive, petting their carefully trimmed beards inspired by Edison Banks.
• Frank was attentive to me, even courtly.
• The crew were extremely attentive to the passengers’ safety.
• Hecke’s new work has something of interest for both the casual and attentive viewer.
attentive to
• Teachers are more attentive to good students.
• They’ve built a business that is attentive to its

Answer 399

Attentive

Question 400

Different means of trips

Answer 400

Road trip, hiking, hitchhiking, sight seeing, camping, backpacking,

Question 401

Different means of accommodation

Answer 401

Bed & breakfast, hotel, hostel, campsite, motel, self catering

Question 402

To be famous for

Answer 402

برای چیزی معروف بودن

Question 403

برای چیزی محدودیت گذاشتن

Answer 403

Set limitations/ restrictions on something

Question 404

Responsible for & responsible about

Answer 404

For واسه وقتی که مسئولیت اش با توئه

About وقتی که تو احساس مسئولیت میکنی

Question 405

قابل مشاهده است

همانطور که قابل مشاهده است

Answer 405

This can be seen in the following examples

As can be seen in Table 1, …..

Question 406

مدرک بودن

Answer 406

Be evidence of….

Question 407

حاکی از آن است که

برای چیز های منفی

Answer 407

These difficulties are symptomatic of a fundamental problem.
Be Symptomatic of

Symptom علامت بیماری، علائم

Question 408

فاش کردن

آشکار کردن

Answer 408

Reveal

Question 409

پشتیبانی کردن

Answer 409

Support/ back up

They produce no evidence to back up their claims.

Question 410

صحه گذاری کردن یه اطلاعات جدیدی بیاری که اطلاعات قبلی رو تایید کنه و صحه گذاری کنه

تایید کردن

Answer 410

Corroborate

Validate

Question 411

اثبات ادعا

Answer 411

substantiate

Substantiate claim, allegations

• Discipline yourself to dig deep and get at facts which can be substantiated.
• The third party must be able to claim that its assent is invalid if any of these grounds can be substantiated.
• This is not substantiated by analysis of the high strictures according to the method of diagnosis.
• Allegations made by prisoners are usually only considered when substantiated by the evidence of a prison officer.
• The claim that higher minimum wages are inflationary and will create a loss of jobs is not substantiated either.
• This is not invariable, but its occurrence can provide substantiating evidence of epilepsy.
• No evidence has been found to substantiate the story.
• The authorities claimed they were conspiring to overthrow the government, but offered no evidence to substantiate these claims.
• The fact substantiates what reason points out.
• Graph the two equations to substantiate your answers.
substantiate … claims
• This is important as video evidence of illegal activities etc., can later be used in court to substantiate the groups claims.

Question 412

این حس رو به من میده
یا این اثر رو روی آدم میذاره
چه درست چه غلط

Answer 412

Give the impression of/that

Question 413

To make you decide that something is likely to be true after examining all the facts

Answer 413

Lead to the conclusion that

All the arguments lead to conclusion that there should be greater control on gun ownership

Question 414

رد کردن

Answer 414

Disprove

Refute

Question 415

نقض کردن

Answer 415

Contradict

Question 416

تلاش و کوشش کردن

برای یه کار سخت

Answer 416

Attempt (n, v)

Question 417

To be busy

Answer 417

Be tide up with something

Question 418

A way that definitely will have a certain outcome or result

Answer 418

A surefire way to do something

A surefire for something

Question 419

To do better than you normally do

To do your best

Answer 419

To outdo someone’s self

Question 420

An unusual difficult request

Answer 420

A tall order

Question 421

To be out of the question

Answer 421

To be impossible to accomplish

Question 422

Pull out

Extract out

Answer 422

Yank out informal

Question 423

1 a building, statue, or other large structure that is built to remind people of an important event or famous person → memorial
He erected a monument on the spot where his daughter was killed.
monument to
a fitting monument to the men who died in the battle
2 a very old building or place that is important historically
Ancient monuments are protected by law

Answer 423

Monument

Question 424

something that is easy to recognize, such as a tall tree or building, and that helps you know where you are
One of Belfast’s most famous landmarks, the Grosvenor Hall, has been demolished.
2 one of the most important events, changes, or discoveries that influences someone or something
The discovery of penicillin was a landmark in the history of medicine.
landmark decision/case/ruling
The Supreme Court issued a landmark decision in January 2001.

Answer 424

Landmark

Question 425

حیله گر
حیله گری
با حیله گری

Answer 425

Cunning
Cunning
Cunningly

Question 426

تداعی کننده

Answer 426

Symbolize

Symbol نماد

Question 427

adjective
something that is abundant exists or is available in large quantities so that there is more than enough OPP scarce
an abundant supply of fresh water
abundant opportunities for well-qualified staff
Examples from the Corpus
abundant
• During the 18th century land was cheap, grain was plentiful, and meat was abundant.
• an abundant and cheap supply of oil
• The food was abundant and delicious.
• It must time the laying of its eggs so that its chicks hatch when caterpillars are most abundant, and most palatable.
• His yellow teeth gleamed in the abundant black of his full beard.
• We now live in a world where labor is abundant compared to capital.
• Plant fossils are abundant in some types of rock.
• Latin America has an abundant labor force and natural resources.
• What a spiritual affirmation to an abundant life!
• E-mail applications are abundant on Linux and choosing one can be the most difficult part in getting started!
• His entertainment featured abundant wine and cigars, though he himself was a non-smoking teetotaller.
• Sam Waterston reads from the abundant writings of the tall, soft-spoken Jefferson.

Answer 427

Abundant

Question 428

بهداشت

Answer 428

Hygiene

Question 429

to pull something heavy with a continuous steady movement

Answer 429

Haul

Question 430

کشاورزی کردن

کاشتن محصولات کشاورزی

Answer 430

Cultivate crops

Question 431

1 FAR AWAY far from towns or other places where people live SYN isolated
a remote border town
a fire in a remote mountain area
► see thesaurus at far
2 NOT LIKELY if a chance or possibility of something happening is remote, it is not very likely to happen SYN slight
remote chance/possibility
There’s a remote chance that you can catch him before he leaves.
The prospect of peace seems remote.
3 TIME far away in time SYN distant
the remote time when dinosaurs walked the earth
a remote ancestor (=someone related to you, who lived a long time ago)
4 DIFFERENT very different from something
remote from
The Heights was quiet and clean and remote from the busy daily life of the city.
5 PERSON unfriendly, and not interested in people SYN distant
His father was a remote, quiet man

Answer 431

Remote

Question 432

verb
1 [transitive] to try to deal with a difficult problem
There is more than one way to tackle the problem.
It took twelve fire engines to tackle the blaze.
► see thesaurus at deal
2 [intransitive, transitive]
a) to try to take the ball away from an opponent in a game such as football or hockey
b) to force someone to the ground so that they stop running, in a game such as American football or rugby

Answer 432

Tackle

Question 433

1 a lake, especially an artificial one, where water is stored before it is supplied to people’s houses
2 a large amount of something that is available and has not yet been used
reservoir of
She found she had reservoirs of unexpected strength.

مخزن

Answer 433

Reservoir

Question 434

خندق

گودال سطحی و طولانی

Answer 434

Trench

Question 435

Usage=application

مصرف

Answer 435

Consumption

Question 436

به نظرم میاد که

Answer 436

It seems to me that….

Question 437

ار زاویه دید کسی

Answer 437

From somebody’s point of view

Question 438

somebody/something has yet to do something
formal used to say that someone has not done something, or that something has not happened when you think it should already have been done or have happened
I have yet to hear Ray’s version of what happened.
The bank has yet to respond to our letter

Answer 438

Has yet to do something

Question 439

فعل برای بیان کردن نظر

Answer 439

Express
Voice
Give

Question 440

این به این معناست که …

Answer 440

. This means that…. . اول جمله میگیم

٫ Which means that…. اول کلاز میگیم.

Question 441

به بیان دیگر

Answer 441

in other words

Question 442

adverb
1 relating to or intended for one particular type of person or thing only
advertising that specifically targets children
2 in a detailed or exact way
I specifically asked you not to do that!
3 [sentence adverb] used when you are adding more exact information
Specifically, the department wanted answers to the following questions.

Answer 442

Specifically

Question 443

to give more details or new information about something SYN enlarge
He said he had new evidence, but refused to elaborate any further.
elaborate on
McDonald refused to elaborate on his reasons for resigning.

Answer 443

Elaborate

Question 444

به سلیقه یا علاقه مندی های کسی اومدن

Answer 444

To fit someone’s tastes or interest

Question 445

Clean water

Answer 445

Potable water

Question 446

a situation in which there is not enough of something SYN lack
scarcity of
the scarcity of employment opportunities
Examples from the Corpus
scarcity
• The debate about the depletion of the ozone layer has been so far hampered by a scarcity of data.
• Moreover, they suffer from a scarcity of books, and from pedagogical methods that rely on the memorization of class lectures.
• An independence based upon an abundance of goodwill may be found even where there are scarcities in power resources.
• Further, the justification that channel scarcity requires the government to regulate the content of broadcasting no longer exists.
• The world is entering a period of protein scarcity, the report says.
• The scarcity of medical supplies was becoming critical.

Answer 446

Scarcity

Question 447

بیش از حد مصرف کردن

Answer 447

Over-consumption

Question 448

verb [transitive]
1 to use time, energy, goods etc → consumption
Only 27% of the paper we consume is recycled.
A smaller vehicle will consume less fuel.
2 formal to eat or drink something → consumer, consumption
Alcohol may not be consumed on the premises.
► see thesaurus at eat
3 literary if a feeling or idea consumes you, it affects you very strongly, so that you cannot think about anything else
She was scared by the depression which threatened to consume her.
be consumed with something
He was consumed with guilt after the accident.
4 formal if fire consumes something, it destroys it completely

Answer 448

Consume

Question 449

1 to think of an idea, answer etc
Is that the best excuse you can come up with?
We’ve been asked to come up with some new ideas.
2 informal to produce an amount of money
We wanted to buy the house but we couldn’t come up with the cash.
How am I supposed to come up with $10,000?

Answer 449

Come up with

Question 450

Civil service

Civil duty

Question 451

if two or more things balance out, the final result is that they are equal in amount, importance, or effect
Sometimes I look after the kids and sometimes John does – it all balances out.
→ balancing act → balance→ See Verb table
Examples from the Corpus
balance out
• Sometimes we have a slight loss and sometimes a slight surplus, but over time they balance out.

Answer 451

Balance out

Question 452

Languages are my cup of tea

Languages are my thing!

Question 453

خیلی گرونه

Answer 453

Cost a fortune

Cost an arm and a leg

Question 454

حباب کسی رو شکوندن

ضد حال زدن

Answer 454

Burst someone’s bubble

Question 455

یه چیزی به یه چیزی میاد

یه چیزی رو با یه چیز دیگه ست میکنم

Answer 455

To go something with something

To match something with something

Question 456

سیستم آبیاری

Answer 456

Irrigation system

Irrigate (v)

Question 457

adjective
1 an inhospitable place is difficult to live or stay in because the weather conditions are unpleasant or there is no shelter
an inhospitable climate
He trekked across some of the most inhospitable terrain in the world.
2 an inhospitable person does not welcome visitors in a friendly way
inhospitable to
Some governments are inhospitable to aid workers.

Answer 457

Inhospitable

Question 458

to make something happen SYN cause
How can we bring about a change in attitudes?
A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the rainforests.
→ bring→ See Verb table

Answer 458

Bring something about

Question 459

من دو برابر تو سن دارم

دوستم ده برابر من پول دارن

Answer 459

I’m twice as old as you

My friend has 10 times more money than i do

Question 460

adjective [only before noun]
1 relating to the sea and the creatures that live there
the enormous variety of marine life
the effects of oil pollution on marine mammals
marine biology
2 relating to ships or the navy SYN maritime
Examples from the Corpus
marine
• All of them were marine and all of them are extinct.
• Probably the seabirds found extra food among the small fish and marine animals which clustered near the larger items of rubbish.
• Let’s continue this look at the marine aquarium scene by looking at the latest thinking regarding the nutritional requirements of marine fish.
• Coasts shaped by marine erosion. 2.
• During the 1950s further work on marine guidance was adapted for use in ballistic missiles.
• Pearls Of the two main sources of pearls those from marine molluscs have always been preferred to those from freshwater.
• A marine regiment was equipped with plasma cannon, and the marine battle armour was proof against most weapons.
• In shallow marine sediments from anywhere on the present Earth one might expect to find the skeletal remains and teeth of sharks.

Answer 460

Marine

Question 461

1 someone who is frail is weak and thin because they are old or ill
frail elderly people
her frail health
frail body/physique
mentally/physically frail
► see thesaurus at weak
2 something that is frail is easily damaged or broken SYN fragile
It seemed impossible that these frail boats could survive in such a storm.
the country’s frail economy

Answer 461

Frail= fragile= vulnerable

Question 462

to become worse
Ethel’s health has deteriorated.
America’s deteriorating economy
Register
In everyday English, people usually say get worse rather than deteriorate:
Her health got worse.
The situation is getting worse.
2 → deteriorate into something
—deterioration /dɪˌtɪərɪˈreɪʃən $ -ˌtɪr-/ noun [uncountable]
THESAURUS
deteriorate to become worse
Air quality is rapidly deteriorating in our cities.
Living conditions here have deteriorated in the past few years.
get worse to become worse. Get worse is less formal and more common than deteriorate in everyday English
My eyesight seems to be getting worse.
He’s never been well-behaved, but he’s getting even worse.
go down to become gradually worse – used especially about the standard of something
The hotel’s gone down since its management changed.
Nick’s teachers say that his work has gone down recently.
go downhill to become much worse and be in a very bad condition, especially after a particular time or event
During the recession the business began to go downhill.
Her health went downhill rapidly after Christmas.

Answer 462

Deteriorate

Question 463

noun [countable]
someone who is in a position of authority in an organization
a government official
senior administration officials
Examples from the Corpus
official
• Committee members have expressed concerns about possible contacts between donors and officials of the National Security Council.
• City officials were hoping the name change would help curb the prostitution which festered in the area during the 1970s.
• Health officials in Houston said Thursday that California strawberries are almost certainly the source of the illnesses.
• In any case, the police did not offer a high enough salary for any but the most inexperienced official.
• But instead of levying fines, prosecuting plant officials or revoking their licenses, the agency only wrote threatening letters to trustees.
• By last week, government and state officials had doubled their estimates of contaminated sites to about 100.
• One of the strengths of organisations is the expertise that officials have accumulated over time.
• a union official
Related topics: Officials
official2 ●●● S3 W2 adjective
1 approved of or done by someone in authority, especially the government
an official investigation into the causes of the explosion
the official policy on education
official statistics about illegal drug use
You will have to get official permission first.
Finally the letter of appointment came, making it all official.
2 relating to or done as part of an important job or position
an official visit/engagement etc
The president was leaving for a four-day official tour of Mexico.
the Queen’s performance of official duties
They dined in an official capacity with other European leaders.
the Lord Mayor’s official residence
3 an official explanation, account etc is one that is given formally and publicly, but may not be true
Many doubted the official version of events.
The official line (=what is said publicly by people in authority) was that the troops were there to protect the King.
4 chosen to represent someone or an organization, or do something for them
the company’s official logo
the official representative from the American administration
5 an official event is a formal public event
The official opening of the institute was in May.

Answer 463

Official (c)

Noun and adj

Question 464

1 relating to or happening in one particular country and not involving any other countries → foreign
domestic market/economy/demand etc
the booming domestic economy
US foreign and domestic policy
our nation’s domestic affairs
Domestic flights (=flights that stay inside a particular country) go from Terminal 1.
2 [only before noun] relating to family relationships and life at home
Unfortunately his domestic life wasn’t very happy.
domestic tasks/chores/responsibilities etc
Nowadays there is more sharing of domestic chores.
families that can afford domestic help (=help with cleaning, washing etc)
an organization that supports women facing domestic violence (=violence in a family, especially from a husband to his wife)
3 used in people’s homes
a new tax on domestic fuel
domestic appliances such as washing machines
4 someone who is domestic enjoys spending time at home and is good at cooking, cleaning etc
No, I’m not very domestic.
5 [only before noun] a domestic animal lives on a farm or in someone’s home OPP wild
domestic pets

Answer 464

Domestic

Question 465

vacation2 verb [intransitive] American English
to go somewhere for a holiday
vacation in/at
The Bernsteins are vacationing in Europe

1 [countable, uncountable] especially American English a holiday, or time spent not working
We’re planning a vacation in Europe.
on vacation
He’s on vacation this week.
We’re planning to go on vacation soon.
2 [uncountable] especially American English the number of days, weeks etc that you are allowed as paid holiday by your employer
How much vacation do you get at your new job?
I think I have four vacation days left.
Employees are entitled to four weeks’ paid vacation annually.
3
a) [countable] British English one of the periods of time when a university is closed
the Christmas/Easter/summer/long vacation
b) [countable, uncountable] American English one of the periods of time when a school or university is closed

Answer 465

Vacation

Question 466

to go to a particular place often

The bar was frequented by actors from the nearby theatre.

Answer 466

Frequent

Question 467

Tourist haven

Question 468

the arrival of large numbers of people or large amounts of money, goods etc, especially suddenly
influx of
a sudden influx of cash
massive/great/huge etc influx
a large influx of tourists in the summer

Answer 468

Influx of

Question 469

if people flock to a place, they go there in large numbers because something interesting or exciting is happening there
flock to/into/down etc
People have been flocking to the exhibition.
flock to do something
Tourists flock to see the town’s medieval churches and buildings.

Answer 469

Flock

Question 470

1 [countable] a place where a lot of people go for holidays
seaside/beach/ski etc resort
Aspen, a ski resort in Colorado
Lagoon Reef is one of the best resort hotels.
2 → last/final resort

Answer 470

Resort

Question 471

ترغیب کردن

Answer 471

Entice bring in draw in persuade

Question 472

شهرهای ساحلی خیلی بین توریست ها معروف هستند

Answer 472

Coastal cities are very popular with domestic tourists

Question 473

kɑːzməˈpɑː-/ adjective
1 a cosmopolitan place has people from many different parts of the world – use this to show approval
a vibrant cosmopolitan city
a lively hotel with a cosmopolitan atmosphere
2 a cosmopolitan person, belief, opinion etc shows a wide experience of different people and places
Brigitta has such a cosmopolitan outlook o

Answer 473

Cosmopolitan

Question 474

adjective formal
a populous area has a large population in relation to its size
Hong Kong is one of the most populous areas in the world.

Answer 474

Populous

Question 475

adjective formal
rich and successful
a prosperous landowner
► see thesaurus at rich
Register
In everyday English, people usually say rich or well-off rather than prosperous:
well-off neighborhoods such as Lakeview
Examples from the Corpus
prosperous
• I am proud to report that the condition of the country as a whole is prosperous.
• a prosperous American businessman
• Merry Christmas and a prosperous and healthy New Year to you all.

Answer 475

Prosperous

Question 476

1 [intransitive] to develop well and be successful SYN thrive
The economy is booming and small businesses are flourishing.
2 [intransitive] to grow well and be very healthy → thrive
Most plants will flourish in the rich deep soils here.
3 [transitive] to wave something in your hand in order to make people notice it
She walked quickly to the desk, flourishing her cheque book.

if a business or industry flourishes, it is very successful and makes a profit
The economy is booming and many small businesses are flourishing

Answer 476

Flourish

Question 477

بحث برانگیز

Answer 477

Controversial
causing a lot of disagreement, because many people have strong opinions about the subject being discussed
the controversial issue of welfare reform
a highly controversial (=very controversial) plan to flood the valley in order to build a dam
He is a controversial figure (=person who does controversial things) in the art world.

Question 478

Purification

Answer 478

Desalination

Question 479

They are me

Answer 479

They fit my personality

Question 480

این مدلی به نظر بیاد که …

Answer 480

To come off as…

I like to come off as a person who cares about the way she looks.

Question 481

تاثیر خوبی گذاشتن

Answer 481

To make a nice impression

Question 482

ضد حال

Answer 482

Wet blanket

Question 483

the mixture of waste from the human body and used water, that is carried away from houses by pipes under the ground
Chlorine is used in sewage treatment.
The factory secretly dumped millions of gallons of raw sewage (=sewage that had not been treated) into the Ohio river.

Answer 483

Sewage

Question 484

جا دادن

Answer 484

Seat

Question 485

verb [transitive] formal
1 to keep something or continue to have something
You have the right to retain possession of the goods.
The state wants to retain control of food imports.
Register
In everyday English, people usually say keep rather than retain:
Keep all your receipts.
2 to store or keep something inside something else
A lot of information can be retained in your computer.
Limestone is known to retain moisture.
3 to remember information
I find it very difficult to retain facts.
4 if you retain a lawyer or other specialist, you pay them to work for you now and in the future
He has retained a lawyer to challenge the court’s decision.
We had to pay a retaining fee (=an amount of money to keep someone working for you).
5 if a company retains workers, it continues to employ them for a long time
It’s increasingly difficult to recruit and retain good staff.

Answer 485

Retain

Question 486

شاهکار ادبی

نقد ادبی

Answer 486

Literary masterpiece

Question 487

از برخواندن شعر یا یک متن ادبی

نقل قول از کتاب یا حرف کسی یا چیزی که نوشته شده

Answer 487

Recite

Quote

Question 488

adjective informal
1 false or not real, and intended to deceive someone SYN fake
a phoney American accent
► see thesaurus at false
2 someone who is phoney is insincere and pretends to be something they are not
—phoney noun [countable]
He’s a complete phoney!
—phoniness noun [uncountable]

Answer 488

Phony

Question 489

1 [usually before noun] having very serious or worrying results OPP minor
There is a major problem with parking in London.
The loss of their goalkeeper through injury was a major setback for the team.
He underwent major heart surgery recently.
It could have sparked a major confrontation.
► see thesaurus at important, main
2 [usually before noun] very large or important, when compared to other things or people of a similar kind OPP minor
major role/part/factor etc
Britain played a major role in the negotiations.
There are two major political parties in the US.
The government’s major concern is with preventing road accidents.
Smoking is one of the major causes of cancer.
the major developments in computer technology
a major road
► see thesaurus at big
3 [not before noun] American English spoken very important
This is major? You got me out of bed for this?
4 a major key is based on a musical scale in which there are semitones between the third and fourth and the seventh and eighth notes → minor
a symphony in D major

Answer 489

Major

Question 490

curl up with a (good) book (redirected from curled up with a book)
curl up with a (good) book
To make oneself cozy and comfortable while reading a book.
A cold, rainy night like this just makes me want to stay home and curl up with a good book.

Answer 490

Read a book cover-to-cover