Pre-History

Question 1

Important developments leading up to the emergence of cognitive science

Answer 1

1. Reaction against behaviourism in psychology
2. Theoretical models of computation from mathematical logic
3. Systematic analysis of the structure of natural language in linguistics
4. The development of information processing models in psychology

Question 2

Tolman & Honzik (1930) ‘Insight in rats’

Answer 2

Showed latent learning in rats; not just reinforcement/aversion learning

Question 3

Tolman, Ritchie, Kalish (1946) ‘Studies in spatial learning’

Answer 3

Cognitive maps. The idea of spatial representations (that rats use to navigate)

Question 4

Lashley (1951) ‘the problem of serial order in behaviour’

Answer 4

Hypothesis of subconscious information processing

Hypothesis of task analysis

Question 5

Turing (1936) ‘on computable numbers, with an application to the decision problem’

Answer 5

The Turing machine

Question 6

Chomsky (1957) Syntactic Structures

Answer 6

Underlying deep structure of language

Question 7

Miller (1956) ‘the magical number 7, plus or minus 2’

Answer 7

Information processing bottleneck

Question 8

Broadbent (1954) ‘the role of auditory localisation in attention and memory span’

Answer 8

Selective attention. Cocktail party effect.