PRE-HISTORIC, NEAR EAST & EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE Flashcards
What role did community life play in the evolution of architectural practices?
Options:
A. It prioritized defensive structures due to competition
B. It reduced the need for permanent, individual structures
C. It fostered designs representing shared values
D. It led to standardized building techniques for efficiency
It fostered designs representing shared values
How did community life impact the development of architecture in prehistoric times?
Options:
A. Changes in hunting patterns necessitated stronger materials
B. Climate changes necessitated the usage of resources
C. Permanent settlements expressed communal and spiritual values
D. Technological advancements allowed structures to be more stable
Permanent settlements expressed communal and spiritual values
What materials were commonly used in Assyrian palaces for decoration?
Options:
A. Cedar and cypress wood
B. Stone and polychrome bricks
C. Ivory and ebony
D. Gold and silver
Stone and polychrome bricks
What is one characteristic of early dwellings created by prehistoric humans?
Options:
A. Elaborate ornamentation and complex design elements
B. Located far from accessible water sources
C. Permanent construction intended for extended habitation
D. Temporary shelter built with local materials
Temporary shelter built with local materials
What can be found within the chapel of Anubis in Egyptian temples?
Options:
A. Religious iconography
B. Mummification equipment
C. Depictions of pharaohs
D. Astronomical instruments
Religious iconography
What is the purpose of a mortuary temple in an ancient Egyptian pyramid complex?
Options:
A. To provide a place of worship for the deceased ruler
B. To store the pharaoh’s treasures and belongings
C. To prepare the pharaoh for his final journey
D. To serve as the primary tomb of the pharaoh
To provide a place of worship for the deceased ruler
What materials were primarily used in the construction of the Pyramid of Zoser?
Options:
A. Limestone
B. Mud brick
C. Sandstone
D. Granite
Limestone
How did the design of palaces reflect the social hierarchy in ancient Mesopotamian cultures?
Options:
A. Exotic materials indicated trade relationships and reach.
B. Defensive structures showed the ruler’s role as protector.
C. Palace size indicated military strength and command.
D. Size, division, and decoration reflected social status.
Size, division, and decoration reflected social status.
What was unique about the layout of the Palace of Sargon in Dur-Sharrukin?
Options:
A. Its throne room was located adjacent to the harem
B. Its external walls were decorated with blue glazed tiles
C. It included a seven-staged ziggurat within its walls
D. The city’s palace, temples, and government buildings were compressed within the walls
The city’s palace, temples, and government buildings were compressed within the walls
What is the significance of the covered causeway in the ceremonial practices of ancient Egyptians?
Options:
A. Used for housing the pharaoh’s servants during construction
B. Served as storage for food and supplies for the afterlife
C. Served as a practical means of transporting stone blocks
D. Served as a ceremonial route for the pharaoh’s final journey
Served as a ceremonial route for the pharaoh’s final journey
How does a pylon function in relation to sacred precincts in ancient Egyptian temples?
Options:
A. Functions as a gateway guarding a sacred precinct
B. Serves as the foundation for obelisks
C. Serves as a sundial to mark the passage of time
D. Represents the dwelling place of the deity
Functions as a gateway guarding a sacred precinct
How did the design of tombs and temples imitate natural landscapes?
Options:
A. By being built near rivers and water sources
B. By incorporating astronomical alignments
C. By using only materials found locally
D. By resembling mountains and other landscape formations
By resembling mountains and other landscape formations
What characterizes a trilithon structure?
Options:
A. Two upright stones supporting a lintel
B. Three standing stones with one at the back
C. Vertical supports holding horizontal lintels
D. Four concentric rings consisting of menhirs
Two upright stones supporting a lintel
How tall are the Pyramids of Giza, and what is their base measurement?
Options:
A. 500 feet tall with a base of 800 feet
B. 450 feet tall with a base of 700 feet
C. 480 meters tall with a base of 756 meters
D. 480 feet tall with a base of 756 feet
480 feet tall with a base of 756 feet
Who was Amun-Re and what significance did he hold during the New Kingdom period?
Options:
A. A pharaoh known for expanding the Egyptian empire
B. A high priest who reformed religious practices
C. The god of the sun and heaven who became the national deity
D. The architect of the Karnak Temple Complex
The god of the sun and heaven who became the national deity
What is the function of colonnades in ancient Egyptian architecture?
Options:
A. To support the roof and create covered spaces
B. To serve as living quarters for priests
C. To serve as defensive fortifications
D. To house the ruling class
To support the roof and create covered spaces
What is the historical significance of the Beautiful Feast of the Valley in relation to Hatshepsut’s temple?
Options:
A. It housed the royal treasury during the festival
B. It was exclusively built to honor Anubis during the festival
C. It served as the primary burial site during the festival
D. It served as a resting place for the barque during the festival
It served as a resting place for the barque during the festival
What does the term sphinx refer to in ancient Egyptian architecture?
Options:
A. A royal decree inscribed on a stone tablet
B. A type of pyramid with a hidden burial chamber
C. A creature with a lion’s body and a human, ram, or hawk head
D. A massive column used to support temple roofs
A creature with a lion’s body and a human, ram, or hawk head
How did the orientation of ziggurats relate to their religious practices?
Options:
A. Orientation facilitated astronomical observations
B. Orientation helped with the structural integrity of the mud bricks
C. Orientation towards cardinal directions was integral to their religious practices
D. Orientation represented universal harmony and connected the earthly realm to the divine
Orientation towards cardinal directions was integral to their religious practices
What was the significance of the mortuary temple of Queen Hatshepsut?
Options:
A. It served as Hatshepsut’s actual tomb
B. It served as Hatshepsut’s palace during her reign
C. It served as the temporary resting place for the barque
D. It served as a center for political meetings
It served as the temporary resting place for the barque
What is the relationship between the Great Pyramid of Khufu and the other pyramids at Giza?
Options:
A. Khufu’s pyramid was built using different construction techniques
B. They are all part of the Giza pyramid complex
C. Khufu’s pyramid is unrelated to the others
D. Khufu’s pyramid was built much later than the others
They are all part of the Giza pyramid complex
What is the significance of the burial chamber within a pyramid?
Options:
A. A sacrificial site for religious rituals
B. A storage for the pharaoh’s treasures
C. A place where offerings were made
D. A secure final resting place
A secure final resting place
How did the architectural style of the 18th dynasty influence later Egyptian structures?
Options:
A. It led to a decreased focus on religious symbolism
B. It introduced ziggurat designs in temple complexes
C. It maintained axial planning in temple and tomb designs
D. It led to the abandonment of axial planning
It maintained axial planning in temple and tomb designs
What characterizes a sloped pyramid in ancient Egyptian architecture?
Options:
A. Incorporating a series of steps along its sides
B. Constructed with a rectangular base and vertical walls
C. Having four sloping triangular sides that culminate at an apex
D. Having a terraced design with multiple levels
Having four sloping triangular sides that culminate at an apex
