PRE FI LEC 2: CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION TEST

Question 1

 A test that is used to measure the differences between what is OBSERVED and what is EXPECTED according to an assumed hypothesis
 a non-parametric test based on FREQUENCIES
 The test is used for testing the hypothesis and is NOT USEFUL FOR ESTIMATION
 This test is an important non-parametric test as NO RIGID ASSUMPTIONS are necessary in regard to the type of population, NO NEED OF PARAMETER VALUES, and relatively LESS MATHEMATICAL DETAILS are involve

Answer 1

CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION TEST

Question 2

Application of Chi-Square Test:
 This test enables us to see HOW WELL does the ASSUMED THEORETICAL DISTRIBUTION fit to the observed data.
 Assumptions:
o The data are obtained from a random sample.
o The expected frequency for each category MUST BE 5 OR MORE
o Note: This test is a RIGHT-TAILED test, since
when the O - E values are squared, the
answer will be POSITIVE or ERO.

A. Goodness of Fit distribution
B. Test of Independence
C. Test of Homogeneity

Answer 2

Goodness of Fit distribution

Question 3

Application of Chi-Square Test:
 Is used to test the independence of two variables
 For example, suppose a new postoperative procedure is administered to a number of patients in a large hospital.
 The researcher can ask the question, Do the doctors
feel differently about this procedure from the nurses, or do they feel basically the same way?
 Note that the question is not whether they prefer the procedure but whether there is a difference of opinion between the two groups

A. Goodness of Fit distribution
B. Test of Independence
C. Test of Homogeneity

Answer 3

Test of Independence

Question 4

Application of Chi-Square Test:
 Samples are selected from several different
populations, and the researcher is interested in
determining whether the proportions of elements that
have a COMMON CHARACTERISTIC are the same for each population.

A. Goodness of Fit distribution
B. Test of Independence
C. Test of Homogeneity

Answer 4

Test of Homogeneity

Question 5

 Does not assume anything about the underlying
distribution
 It is used when the data is not normal

Answer 5

NONPARAMETRIC TEST

Question 6

Other reasons to run nonparametric tests:

Answer 6

o ONE OR MORE ASSUMPTIONS of a parametric test have been VIOLATED
o Your sample size is TOO SMALL to run a parametric
test
o Your data HAS OUTLIERS that cannot be removed
o You want to test for the MEDIAN rather than the
mean

Question 7

RULE OF THUMB:
interval or ratio scales

Answer 7

PARAMETRIC TEST

Question 8

RULE OF THUMB
nominal or ordinal scales

Answer 8

NON PARAMETRIC TEST

Question 9

use this test to estimate the MEDIAN OF A POPULATION and compare it to a reference value or target value

A. 1-sample sign test
B. 1-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test
C. Friedman test
D. Goodman Kruska’s Gamma

Answer 9

1-sample sign test

Question 10

the test assumes that the data comes
from a SYMMETRIC DISTRIBUTION

A. 1-sample sign test
B. 1-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test
C. Friedman test
D. Goodman Kruska’s Gamma

Answer 10

1-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test

Question 11

used to test for differences between groups with ORDINAL dependent variables.
- can also be used for CONTINUOUS DATA if the one-way ANOVA with repeated measures is INAPPROPRIATE

A. 1-sample sign test
B. 1-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test
C. Friedman test
D. Goodman Kruska’s Gamma

Answer 11

Friedman test

Question 12

• a test of association for RANKED VARIABLES

A. 1-sample sign test
B. 1-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test
C. Friedman test
D. Goodman Kruska’s Gamma

Answer 12

Goodman Kruska’s Gamma

Question 13

• – use this test instead of a one-way ANOVA to find out if 2 or MORE MEDIANS ARE DIFFERENT.
• Ranks of the data points are used for calculations, rather than the data points themselves.

A. Kruskal-Wallis Test
B. Mann-Kendall Trend Test
C. Mann-Whitney Test
D. Mood’s Median Test
E. Spearman Rank Correlation

Answer 13

Kruskal-Wallis Test

Question 14

• looks for trends in time-series data

A. Kruskal-Wallis Test
B. Mann-Kendall Trend Test
C. Mann-Whitney Test
D. Mood’s Median Test
E. Spearman Rank Correlation

Answer 14

Mann-Kendall Trend Test

Question 15

• use this test to COMPARE DIFFERENCES between two
  independent groups when dependent variables are EITHER ORDINAL or CONTINUOUS
  A. Kruskal-Wallis Test
  B. Mann-Kendall Trend Test
  C. Mann-Whitney Test
  D. Mood’s Median Test
  E. Spearman Rank Correlation

Answer 15

Mann-Whitney Test

Question 16

• use this test instead of sign test when you have 2 INDEPENDENT SAMPLES

A. Kruskal-Wallis Test
B. Mann-Kendall Trend Test
C. Mann-Whitney Test
D. Mood’s Median Test
E. Spearman Rank Correlation

Answer 16

Mood’s Median Test

Question 17

• use when you want to find a CORRELATION
  between 2 SETS OF DATA

A. Kruskal-Wallis Test
B. Mann-Kendall Trend Test
C. Mann-Whitney Test
D. Mood’s Median Test
E. Spearman Rank Correlation

Answer 17

Spearman Rank Correlation