Pre-content (Post translational modification) Flashcards
What do pluripotent stem cells develop into?
any type of cell in the human body
What 3 types of germ layer do pluripotent stem cells differentiate into?
- endo
-meso
-ecto
What is cleavage and give an example?
The cutting of peptide bonds
Example: cleavage of insulin in islets of langehan
What is phosphorylation?
The addition/removal of a phosphate group (reversible)
Which two types of enzymes are involved in in phosphorylation?
Phosphatases (removal) and protein kinases
Give an example of phosphorylation
glycogen breakdown
what do protein kinases do?
catalyse transfer of a phosphate group from a high energy donor (ATP) to substrate
What does phosphatase catalyse?
catalyses removal of a phosphate by hydrolysing phosphoric acid monoesters into a phosphate ion
What happens in glycosylation?
a carbohydrate is covalently bound to a functional group on a protein via a glycosidic bond
What is glycosylation built on?
Dolichol
Which residue is involved in O linked glycosylation?
Serine
Example of structure which has O linked glycosylation
collagen
which residue is involved in N linked glycosylation?
asparagine
which receptor has N linked glycosylation?
insulin receptor
what is acetylation the addition/removal of? what does the adding/removing?
an acetyl group by acetyl coA
where is N terminal acetylation present?
histones
what does the acetylation of lysine cause the activation of?
activation of gene expression
In methylation a methyl group is transferred to either a lysine or an….
arginine
what donates a methyl group
s - adenosylmethionine
carbonyl methylation is reversible. which type is NOT?
nitrogen methylation
what is arginine methylation involved in?
gene transcription / DNA repair
the regulation of….. has lysine methylation involved in it?
histone regulation
