Pre-content (Post translational modification) Flashcards

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1
Q

What do pluripotent stem cells develop into?

A

any type of cell in the human body

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2
Q

What 3 types of germ layer do pluripotent stem cells differentiate into?

A
  • endo
    -meso
    -ecto
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3
Q

What is cleavage and give an example?

A

The cutting of peptide bonds

Example: cleavage of insulin in islets of langehan

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4
Q

What is phosphorylation?

A

The addition/removal of a phosphate group (reversible)

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5
Q

Which two types of enzymes are involved in in phosphorylation?

A

Phosphatases (removal) and protein kinases

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6
Q

Give an example of phosphorylation

A

glycogen breakdown

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7
Q

what do protein kinases do?

A

catalyse transfer of a phosphate group from a high energy donor (ATP) to substrate

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8
Q

What does phosphatase catalyse?

A

catalyses removal of a phosphate by hydrolysing phosphoric acid monoesters into a phosphate ion

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9
Q

What happens in glycosylation?

A

a carbohydrate is covalently bound to a functional group on a protein via a glycosidic bond

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10
Q

What is glycosylation built on?

A

Dolichol

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11
Q

Which residue is involved in O linked glycosylation?

A

Serine

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12
Q

Example of structure which has O linked glycosylation

A

collagen

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13
Q

which residue is involved in N linked glycosylation?

A

asparagine

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14
Q

which receptor has N linked glycosylation?

A

insulin receptor

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15
Q

what is acetylation the addition/removal of? what does the adding/removing?

A

an acetyl group by acetyl coA

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16
Q

where is N terminal acetylation present?

A

histones

17
Q

what does the acetylation of lysine cause the activation of?

A

activation of gene expression

18
Q

In methylation a methyl group is transferred to either a lysine or an….

A

arginine

19
Q

what donates a methyl group

A

s - adenosylmethionine

20
Q

carbonyl methylation is reversible. which type is NOT?

A

nitrogen methylation

21
Q

what is arginine methylation involved in?

A

gene transcription / DNA repair

22
Q

the regulation of….. has lysine methylation involved in it?

A

histone regulation