pre chapter 3, chapter 3, chapter 4

Question 1

Aztecs

Answer 1

Advanced Cities
Ritual Sacrifices
One of the three most advanced native civilizations

Question 2

Mayans and Incans

Answer 2

Art
Science
Calendars
Roads
Canals + irrigation systems

One of three most advanced native civilizations

Question 3

Historical Relativism

Answer 3

Historical eras can only be understood within their own terms

Things we find surprising or wrong in history made sense to the people of the time. Understand [why] it made sense to the people of the past.

Question 4

Coastal Route Theory

Answer 4

Idea that early Americans came to N. America on boats

Question 5

Land Bridge Theory

Answer 5

Idea that the early Americans came to America through an ice bridge between Russia and Canada

Question 6

Primary source

Answer 6

A firsthand or contemporary account of an event or topic

Diaries
Speeches
Newspapers
Letters
Filmed footage

Question 7

Bias

Answer 7

Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.

Question 8

Secondary source

Answer 8

A later account created by someone that did not experience firsthand or participate in the event the author is writing about

Textbook
Biographies
Documentaries

Question 9

Colombian exchange

Answer 9

The trade between Europe, Asia and Africa and the Americas of resources and disease after Columbus.

Americas to Europe, Asia, Africa
Squash
Tobacco
Corn
Sweet Potatoes
Turkey

Europe, Asia, Africa, to Americas
Sugar cane
Onions
Coffee beans
Olives
Pear
Malaria
Influenza
Small pox

Question 10

Christopher Columbus

Answer 10

Explorer
Discovered “the new world“ or America in 1492
Led to widespread European colonization

Question 11

Renaissance

Answer 11

The revival or renewed interest in something. A period in which those living during it are attempting to surpass the achievements made by the previous people. Marked by advancements in literature, art, and culture.
People became more curious - what exists beyond what we know?

People shifted away from the church into more worldly things.
Caused by the Black Plague.
People realized they could die whenever and wanted to make the most of their lives now.
Wealth and land became more important .

Question 12

Colonization

Answer 12

Group of people/country move into a new area.
They take control of the land + people
They set up government and culture
Benefit from land + resources
Leads to conflict and change

Question 13

French & Dutch motive to colonize

Answer 13

Fur, trade, settling

Question 14

Spanish motive to colonize

Answer 14

Spreading religion (catholicism), gold, glory + honor

Question 15

British motive to colonize

Answer 15

Religious freedom, fur, trade, settling

Question 16

England’s first colonies

Answer 16

Roanoke in 1587, failed
Jamestown
-> Wealthy people form a company and sail to America
-> Land in Virginia in 1607
-> Struggled due to no people or resources

Saved by Tobacco
-> Highly addictive crop
-> English get addicted
-> People are sent over to grow it
-> More tobacco and more colonists
-> Thriving Jamestown

Question 17

King Phillip/Metacom

Answer 17

Chief of the Wampanoag tribe. Tried to protect his tribe’s land and rights. Did not like or trust Plymouth settlers.
Started King Phillip’s War.

Question 18

Josiah Winslow

Answer 18

13th governor of the Plymouth Colony. Did not like or trust native Americans or King Phillip. Fought in King Phillip’s war.

Question 19

King Phillip’s war

Answer 19

1675 - 1678
Sieges, ambushes, murders, execution, retaliation
Crops + villages burned
Bodies mutilated
2,800 colonists + 2,000 natives injured, killed, or captured
Metacom is killed and mutilated
Weetamoo is drowned and mutilated

Question 20

King Phillip’s war - cause

Answer 20

Colonists disrespecting native land by letting their animals graze there

Colonists not upholding terms of
previous peace treaties.

Colonists executing Wampanoag men for the murder of John Sassanaon

Question 21

King Phillip’s war - impact

Answer 21

Deadliest part of Colonial American history
1/10 every adult colonist male killed
Native effort to resist colonial expansion
Killed off Native pop., allowed colonists to expand
Colonial identity developed
New English towns destroyed, took decades to recover

Question 22

The salem witch trials

Answer 22

Massachusetts - 1692 to 1693
Involved hundreds/thousands of colonists or enslaved people
Total accused: 200
Death: 20 hung or pressed

Question 23

Themes of the SWT

Answer 23

Human nature
Power of tradition
Power of influence and authority
Power of conformity

Paranoia - debilitating fear of something unreal
Fear
Mass hysteria - group panic over something unreal, logic is thrown away when people start accusing each other, people get defensive
Group think
Desperation (causing unrational behaviour)
Injustice

Question 24

Praying Indian

Answer 24

Native American living in the Northeast that had been (either voluntarily or forcibly) converted to Christianity.

Question 25

Saunskwa

Answer 25

Female Chief of a tribe
Given a sizable amount of power and say in tribal affairs
Could make decisions that impacted the whole tribe

Question 25

Weetamoo

Answer 25

Saunskwa of the Pocasset tribe. Well respected by her peers. Decisions and actions impacted her entire tribe. Drowned and mutilated during King Phillip’s War.

Question 26

Women’s work

Answer 26

Domestic responsibility done by women and children.

More kids = more workers

Question 27

Plantations

Answer 27

Large farms in the south which were worked on by [indentured] slaves.

Appeared in and were a large part of the southern colonies.

Question 28

Religious freedom

Answer 28

The freedom to practice/abstain from religion without fear of persecution.

Question 29

Colonies

Answer 29

New England
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Connecticut

Middle Colonies
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Delaware

Southern Colonies
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia

Question 30

What did life look like in the colonies?

Answer 30

What did life look like?
Farms
-> New England = Small farms
-> Middle Colonies = Medium sized farms
-> Southern Colonies = Plantations
Grew = Rice, wheat, tobacco, cotton
Church
-> Meeting place
-> Strong presence, held a lot of power, influence, control, and wealth
-> Present in every part of life
Families
Small towns

Question 31

What did families look like in the colonies?

Answer 31

Male head of household (eldest son or father)
Domestic responsibility (Women’s work) divided among women & children
More kids = more workers
Marriage for financial/social reasons.

Question 32

Freedom of the press

Answer 32

The right to publish and share information, thoughts, opinions, ideas without censorship or restraint by the government.
Important to protect the right of expression.
Prominent Enlightenment idea that would influence founding fathers and the future of the U.S.

Includes: Opinions
Excludes: Wrongful accusations or defamation

Question 33

Freedom of speech

Answer 33

The right to speak, write, share ideas and opinions without facing punishment from the government.
Thinker: Voltaire (French philosopher)
Important to protect the right of expression.
Prominent Enlightenment idea that would influence founding fathers and the future of the U.S.

Includes (in the U.S.):
The right not to speak
The right to engage in symbolic speech
Excludes (in the U.S.):
The right to incite imminent lawless action
Freedom of speech does not include anything that could cause any form of immediate harm or panic

Question 34

The Enlightenment

Answer 34

Period during the 1600s-1700s when people in Europe introduced new ideas about government, life, politics, and economics.
Important because these ideas were brought over to the Americas.

Freedom of Speech/Press
Capitalism
Separation of powers

Question 35

Seperation of powers

Answer 35

The division of government responsibilities into distinct branches.

Important so that no one entity reaches absolute power, and each branch keeps each other balanced in power.
Prominent Enlightenment idea that would influence founding fathers and the future of the U.S.
Important to not resemble the idea of one singular absolute ruler.

Thinker: Baron de Montesquieu (French Philosopher)