pre chapter 3, chapter 3, chapter 4 Flashcards
Aztecs
Advanced Cities
Ritual Sacrifices
One of the three most advanced native civilizations
Mayans and Incans
Art
Science
Calendars
Roads
Canals + irrigation systems
One of three most advanced native civilizations
Historical Relativism
Historical eras can only be understood within their own terms
Things we find surprising or wrong in history made sense to the people of the time. Understand [why] it made sense to the people of the past.
Coastal Route Theory
Idea that early Americans came to N. America on boats
Land Bridge Theory
Idea that the early Americans came to America through an ice bridge between Russia and Canada
Primary source
A firsthand or contemporary account of an event or topic
Diaries
Speeches
Newspapers
Letters
Filmed footage
Bias
Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.
Secondary source
A later account created by someone that did not experience firsthand or participate in the event the author is writing about
Textbook
Biographies
Documentaries
Colombian exchange
The trade between Europe, Asia and Africa and the Americas of resources and disease after Columbus.
Americas to Europe, Asia, Africa
Squash
Tobacco
Corn
Sweet Potatoes
Turkey
Europe, Asia, Africa, to Americas
Sugar cane
Onions
Coffee beans
Olives
Pear
Malaria
Influenza
Small pox
Christopher Columbus
Explorer
Discovered “the new world“ or America in 1492
Led to widespread European colonization
Renaissance
The revival or renewed interest in something. A period in which those living during it are attempting to surpass the achievements made by the previous people. Marked by advancements in literature, art, and culture.
People became more curious - what exists beyond what we know?
People shifted away from the church into more worldly things.
Caused by the Black Plague.
People realized they could die whenever and wanted to make the most of their lives now.
Wealth and land became more important .
Colonization
Group of people/country move into a new area.
They take control of the land + people
They set up government and culture
Benefit from land + resources
Leads to conflict and change
French & Dutch motive to colonize
Fur, trade, settling
Spanish motive to colonize
Spreading religion (catholicism), gold, glory + honor
British motive to colonize
Religious freedom, fur, trade, settling
England’s first colonies
Roanoke in 1587, failed
Jamestown
-> Wealthy people form a company and sail to America
-> Land in Virginia in 1607
-> Struggled due to no people or resources
Saved by Tobacco
-> Highly addictive crop
-> English get addicted
-> People are sent over to grow it
-> More tobacco and more colonists
-> Thriving Jamestown
King Phillip/Metacom
Chief of the Wampanoag tribe. Tried to protect his tribe’s land and rights. Did not like or trust Plymouth settlers.
Started King Phillip’s War.
Josiah Winslow
13th governor of the Plymouth Colony. Did not like or trust native Americans or King Phillip. Fought in King Phillip’s war.
King Phillip’s war
1675 - 1678
Sieges, ambushes, murders, execution, retaliation
Crops + villages burned
Bodies mutilated
2,800 colonists + 2,000 natives injured, killed, or captured
Metacom is killed and mutilated
Weetamoo is drowned and mutilated
King Phillip’s war - cause
Colonists disrespecting native land by letting their animals graze there
Colonists not upholding terms of
previous peace treaties.
Colonists executing Wampanoag men for the murder of John Sassanaon
King Phillip’s war - impact
Deadliest part of Colonial American history
1/10 every adult colonist male killed
Native effort to resist colonial expansion
Killed off Native pop., allowed colonists to expand
Colonial identity developed
New English towns destroyed, took decades to recover
The salem witch trials
Massachusetts - 1692 to 1693
Involved hundreds/thousands of colonists or enslaved people
Total accused: 200
Death: 20 hung or pressed
Themes of the SWT
Human nature
Power of tradition
Power of influence and authority
Power of conformity
Paranoia - debilitating fear of something unreal
Fear
Mass hysteria - group panic over something unreal, logic is thrown away when people start accusing each other, people get defensive
Group think
Desperation (causing unrational behaviour)
Injustice
Praying Indian
Native American living in the Northeast that had been (either voluntarily or forcibly) converted to Christianity.
Saunskwa
Female Chief of a tribe
Given a sizable amount of power and say in tribal affairs
Could make decisions that impacted the whole tribe
Weetamoo
Saunskwa of the Pocasset tribe. Well respected by her peers. Decisions and actions impacted her entire tribe. Drowned and mutilated during King Phillip’s War.
Women’s work
Domestic responsibility done by women and children.
More kids = more workers
Plantations
Large farms in the south which were worked on by [indentured] slaves.
Appeared in and were a large part of the southern colonies.
Religious freedom
The freedom to practice/abstain from religion without fear of persecution.
Colonies
New England
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle Colonies
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Southern Colonies
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
What did life look like in the colonies?
What did life look like?
Farms
-> New England = Small farms
-> Middle Colonies = Medium sized farms
-> Southern Colonies = Plantations
Grew = Rice, wheat, tobacco, cotton
Church
-> Meeting place
-> Strong presence, held a lot of power, influence, control, and wealth
-> Present in every part of life
Families
Small towns
What did families look like in the colonies?
Male head of household (eldest son or father)
Domestic responsibility (Women’s work) divided among women & children
More kids = more workers
Marriage for financial/social reasons.
Freedom of the press
The right to publish and share information, thoughts, opinions, ideas without censorship or restraint by the government.
Important to protect the right of expression.
Prominent Enlightenment idea that would influence founding fathers and the future of the U.S.
Includes: Opinions
Excludes: Wrongful accusations or defamation
Freedom of speech
The right to speak, write, share ideas and opinions without facing punishment from the government.
Thinker: Voltaire (French philosopher)
Important to protect the right of expression.
Prominent Enlightenment idea that would influence founding fathers and the future of the U.S.
Includes (in the U.S.):
The right not to speak
The right to engage in symbolic speech
Excludes (in the U.S.):
The right to incite imminent lawless action
Freedom of speech does not include anything that could cause any form of immediate harm or panic
The Enlightenment
Period during the 1600s-1700s when people in Europe introduced new ideas about government, life, politics, and economics.
Important because these ideas were brought over to the Americas.
Freedom of Speech/Press
Capitalism
Separation of powers
Seperation of powers
The division of government responsibilities into distinct branches.
Important so that no one entity reaches absolute power, and each branch keeps each other balanced in power.
Prominent Enlightenment idea that would influence founding fathers and the future of the U.S.
Important to not resemble the idea of one singular absolute ruler.
Thinker: Baron de Montesquieu (French Philosopher)
