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Histopathology > Pre-analytical Factors > Flashcards

Pre-analytical Factors Flashcards

1
Q

initial anoxic insult when blood supply is cut off

A

warm ischemia

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2
Q

lack of oxygen once tissue sample is removed from the body

A

cold ischemia

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3
Q

duration of fixation

A

6- 48 hrs

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4
Q

size of tissue for fixation

A

3 mm

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5
Q

describing specimen:

A
  1. weight
  2. dimension
  3. color
  4. consistency
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6
Q

cutting specimens into 1.0 cm sections

A

breadloafing

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7
Q

tumor description

A

site and size
location and structures involved
vascular invasion
distance from resection margins
presence of lymph nodes

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8
Q

size of tissue cassette

A

3.0 x 2.5 x 0.4 cm

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9
Q

specimen size must not be more than

A

0.3 cm

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10
Q

most critical/important step in tissue processing

A

fixation

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11
Q

decay of tissues by cellular enzymes

A

autolysis

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12
Q

decay of tissue by bacterial attack

A

putrefaction

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13
Q

type of fixative that chemically alter tissues by bonding with it

A

additive

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14
Q

type of fixative that does not chemically combine with the tissues

A

non additive issues

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15
Q

type of fixative that allow solution to readily penetrate tissue interior

A

coagulant

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16
Q

create gel that block tissue penetration

A

non coagulant

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17
Q

2 types of fixatives according to composition

A

simple fixative
compound fixative

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18
Q

2 types of fixatives according to action

A

microanatomical
cytological

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19
Q

8 microanatomical fixatives

A

10% formol saline
10% NBF
Heidenhain’s susa
Formol sublimate
Zenker
Zenker formol
Bouin
Brasil

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20
Q

3 types of cytological fixatives

A

nulcear fixative
cytoplasmic fixative
histochemical fixatives

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21
Q

5 types of nuclear fixatives

A

Bouin
Flemming
Newcomer
Carnoy
Heidenhain susa

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22
Q

5 types of cytoplasmic fixatives

A

helly
orth
regaud
flemming without acetic acid
formalin with post chroming

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23
Q

4 histochemical fixatives

A

10% formol saline
absolute ethyl alcohol
newcomer
acetone

24
Q

% formaldehyde in formalin

A

37 - 40%

25
Q

how to remove paraformaldehyde

A

10% methanol

26
Q

doubly refractile pigment from acidic formalin

A

black acid hematin

27
Q

three qays to remove acid hematin

A

Lillies method
Kardasewitch method
Alcoholic picric method

28
Q

Components of lillie’s method

A

28% ammonia water
70% alcohol
acetone
hydrogen peroxide

29
Q

components of Kardasewitch method

A

28% ammonia water
70% ethanol
(alkaline ethanol)

30
Q

formalin fixative used for postmortem and CNS

A

10% formol saline

31
Q

formalin fixative for phospholipids

A

calcium (Lillies) acetate formalin

32
Q

formalin fixative that is best for frozen, surgical, and post mortem purpose and preventing precipitation of acid hematin

A

10% NBF

33
Q

formalin fixative used for routin post mortem examination

A

formol sublimate

34
Q

formalin fixative used for coagulating mucus in sputum (fixative and dehydrant)

A

gendre’s fixative alcoholic formalin

35
Q

components of gendre fixative

A

ethyl alcohol
picric acid

36
Q

formalin fixative used for astrocytes and acid mucopolysaccharides

A

cajole’s formol ammonium bromide

37
Q

formalin fixative for lipid preservation

A

Baker’s formol calcium

38
Q

more effective aldehyde fixative for crosslinking and electron microscopy

A

glutaraldehyde

39
Q

3 types of metallic fixatives

A

mercuric chloride
chromate
lead fixatives

40
Q

best fixative for tissue photography

A

mercuric chloride

41
Q

5 examples of mercuric chloride

A

zenker
helly
heidenhain susa
schaudinn
B5

42
Q

component of zenker

A

meruric chloride
glacial acetic acid

43
Q

used for liver, spleen, connective tissue fibers and nuclei

A

zenker

44
Q

component for helly

A

mercuric chloride + 40% formaldehyde

45
Q

used for blood containing organs (pituitary gland, bone marrow, liver, spleen)

A

helly

46
Q

used for skin tumor biopsy with minimum shrinkage

A

heidenhain susa

47
Q

component of heidenhain susa

A

mercuric chloride
trichloroacetic acid

48
Q

used for wet smears

A

Schaudinn

49
Q

components of schaudinn

A

mercuric chloride
sodium chloride
alcohol
glacial acetic acid

50
Q

used for bone marrow biopsies

A

B-5

51
Q

components of B-5

A

mercuric chloride
sodium acetate
4% formaldehyde

52
Q

4 chromate based fixatives

A

chromic acid
regauds
orths
3% potassium chloride

53
Q

fixative for carbohydrates

A

chromic acid

54
Q

fixative for chromatin, golgi bodies, mitochondria, mitosis, and RBCs

A

Regaud’s moeller fluid

55
Q

fixative used for early degenerative processes, tissue necrosis and rickettsia

A

orths

56
Q

chromate based fixative used for lipids and mitochondria

A

3% potassium chromate

57
Q

fixative used for acid mucopolysaccharides and connective tissues

A

lead fixatives

Histopathology (1 decks)

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