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anaesthesia and pharm > pre anaesthetic drugs > Flashcards

pre anaesthetic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

acepromazine drug class

A

phenothiazine

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2
Q

ace mode of action

A

dopamine receptor antagonist in the CNS

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3
Q

ace indication

A

Sedation
-muscular relaxation
-reduction in spontaneous activity

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4
Q

ace side effects

A

Hypotension
-Bradycardia
-Decreased tear production (cats)

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5
Q

ace Contraindications/ precautions/ warnings

A

-Hepatic, cardiac disease
-Aggressive animals
-Dogs with MDR1 mutation  more profound sedation
-Most will require lower anaesthetic doses

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6
Q

midazolam drug class

A

benzodiazepine

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7
Q

midazolam mode of action

A

CNS depression results in muscle relaxation and sedation
-anxiolytic

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8
Q

midazolam indication

A

Premedication for GA
-Treatment of seizures

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9
Q

midazolam side effects

A

-Respiratory depression
-Can cause excitability in cats

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10
Q

midazolam Contraindications/ precautions/ warnings

A

Cautious use in sick/ debilitated patients
-Hypersensitivity

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11
Q

medetomindine drug class

A

a2-adrenergic agonist

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12
Q

medetomindine mode of action

A

blood pressure is initially increased due to peripheral (vesssels to arms/legs) vasoconstriction and thereafter drops to normal or slightly below normal levels

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13
Q

medetomidine indication

A

-sedation
-analgesia

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14
Q

medetomidine side effects

A

Bradycardia and hypotension
-Hypothermia
-vomiting

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15
Q

medetomidine Contraindications/ precautions/ warnings

A

Systemic disease (cardiac, respiratory, renal, hepatic)
-Can make aggression worse in some animals (rare)

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16
Q

atipamezole drug class

A

a2 adrenergic antagonist

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17
Q

atipamezole mode of action

A

Competitively inhibits α2- adrenergic receptors, thereby acting as a reversal agent for α2- adrenergic agonist

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18
Q

atipamezole indication

A

reversal of sedation

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19
Q

atipamezole side effects

A

-Vomiting and diarrhoea
-Hypersalivation
-Tremours
-excitation

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20
Q

atipamezole Contraindications/ precautions/ warnings

A

Not recommended in pregnant or lactating animals
-Caution in elderly or debilitated animals

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21
Q

tiletamine-zolazepam drug class

A

NMDA antagonist- benzodiazepam

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22
Q

Tiletamine- zolazepam (a.k.a zoletil)* mode of action

A

Injectable anaesthetic/ tranquiliser combination

23
Q

Tiletamine- zolazepam (a.k.a zoletil)* indication

A

Dissociative anaesthetic
-Analgesia
-Protective reflexes retained (eg. Swallowing)
-Good for short, minor painful procedures

24
Q

Tiletamine- zolazepam (a.k.a zoletil)*side effects

A

Ptyalism (hypersalivation)
-Respiratory depression
-Tachycardia

25
Tiletamine- zolazepam (a.k.a zoletil)*Contraindications/ precautions/ warnings
Pancreatic disease -Renal disease -Severe cardiac and respiratory disease -Pregnant animals
26
which of the sedative drugs are reversible
medetomidine (meds think)
27
which of the drugs are controlled
all
28
what type of receptors are opioid receptors
G-protein coupled receptors
29
what are the two different types of opioid receptors
μ (Mu) receptor- PAIN κ (Kappa) receptor- SEDATION
30
methadone drug class
opioid agonist
31
methadone mode of action
Full μ (mu)- agonist Powerful analgesic; minimal sedation Lasts 4-6 hours
32
methadone indication
Often used pre- anaesthetic in combination with ACP -pain
33
methadone side effects
Panting Whining Sedation Cardiorespiratory depression
34
methadone Contraindications/ precautions/ warnings
Pancreatic disease Renal disease Severe cardiac and respiratory disease Pregnant animals
35
can methadone be reversed and is it controlled drug
reversable drug and is a controlled drug
36
naloxone drug class
opioid antagonist
37
naloxone mode of action
μ (mu)- and κ (kappa)- antagonist Cometitivelty binds to opioid receptor sites Reverses respiratory and CNS depression associated with overdoses of opioids
38
naloxone indication
opioid overdose
39
naloxone side effects
may reverse analgesic effect
40
naloxone Contraindications/ precautions/ warnings
Caution in cardiopulmonary disease Known hypersensitivity
41
is naloxone reversable and controlled
non reversable, controlled
42
drug class of atropine
anticholinergic
43
atropine mode of action
Competitively inhibits acetylcholine in neurons (to increase heart rate). Low doses- inhibit salivation and bronchial secretions Moderate doses- pupil dilation, increases HR
44
atropine indications
hypersalivation bradycardia
45
atropine side effects
Dry mouth, thirst Pupil dilation CNS stimulation-> seizures
46
atropine Contraindications/ precautions/ warnings
Some eye conditions Cardiac disease Known GI infections Caution with systemic disease
47
is atropine reversable or controlled
no for both
48
buprenorphine drug class and mode of action
drug class: opiod drug mode of action: partial u agonist provides analgesia for mild-moderate pain lasts 6-8hrs minimal pain relieft (usually for exotics,cats)
49
butorphanol drug glass and mode of action
drug class: opiod mode of action: u antagonist, partial k agonist provides anagesia for mild pain, some sedation analgesia: 1hr sedation: 2-4 hr
50
why are drug protocol necessary (FYI)
-standard approach to anesthesia for the clinic -ensure patient is provided suffucent analgesia and tranquiliser/sedation -protocols are based on published drug info (doses, indication and precautions) ensuring better safety for patients (alr tested so we know the possible side effects)
51
when is healthy patient protcol used and the different pre med combi
ASA status 1-2 patients undergoing elective/ routine procedures (spay/casteration) not agrresive combi 1: acepromozine (sedation) + methadone (analgesia) combi 2: medetomidine (sedation+ mild analgesia) + methadone (analgesia) +/- atrophine (hypersalivation/bradycardia)
52
how long does pre med take to take effect
15-30 mins, need to wait so can have full effect, less GA needed
53
what is a sick/debilitated pet protocol and the drug combi
ASA status: II-IV , high anesthetic risk -may need to provide o2 is have respiratory disease examples of patients: cardiac, respiratory, renal, heaptic disease, emmergency, geriatric combi 1: midazolam (sedation) + butorphanol (mild sedation, analgesia) combi 2: methadone (analgesia) (heart disease, no sedation but comportable)
54
What is fractious pet protocol and the drug combin
ASA status I-II No ACE Combi 1: tiletamine zolazepam (sedation+ dissociative) + butorphanol (mild sedative, analgesia) Combi 2: Medetonidine (sedation) , butorphanol (analgesia, mild sedation) , ketamine (dissociative anesthetic) Cats: kitty magic: medetonidine, butorphanol, ketamine (different dose than dogs, slightly higher)

anaesthesia and pharm (7 decks)

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