Pragmatics Flashcards
What is prescriptivism?
Observing with judgment
Prescriptivism focuses on rules and norms in language use.
What is descriptivism?
Observing without judgment
Descriptivism analyzes language as it is used by speakers.
Define implication in linguistics.
The suggested meaning or inference in communication
Implication often guides the interpretation of statements.
What is implicature?
A meaning that is implied but not explicitly stated
Implicature relies on context for its interpretation.
What does context refer to in pragmatics?
The circumstances surrounding a communication event
Context includes situational, cultural, and linguistic factors.
What is a figure of speech?
A phrase used in a non-literal way
Figures of speech enhance meaning and expressiveness in language.
What does tone refer to in communication?
The mood created in a piece of communication
Tone can affect how a message is perceived.
What is undertone?
The implied or hidden mood in communication
Undertone can contrast with the explicit message.
Define intention in the context of pragmatics.
The aim of something being communicated
Intention influences how messages are crafted and received.
What does perception refer to in communication?
How you view something through your senses
Perception can vary significantly among different individuals.
What is an agenda in communication?
A list of topics to be discussed
An agenda can guide the direction of a conversation.
What does ambiguous mean?
Not very clear
Ambiguity can lead to multiple interpretations of a statement.
Define presupposition.
Something assumed beforehand
Presuppositions are often taken for granted in conversations.
What is a presumption?
To assume something without concrete evidence
Presumptions can lead to misunderstandings in communication.
What is abductive inference?
A form of reasoning that infers the best explanation
Abductive inference often guides hypothesis formation.
What is sarcasm?
Using irony to mock or convey contempt
Sarcasm relies heavily on tone and context for interpretation.
Define irony.
A contrast between expectation and reality
Irony can be verbal, situational, or dramatic.
What does humorous mean?
Being funny
Humor can facilitate social bonding and lighten discussions.
What does offensive mean?
To hurt someone’s feelings
Offensive language can lead to conflicts in communication.
What is a pejorative?
A term that expresses contempt or disapproval
Pejoratives can alter the tone and meaning of a statement.
Linguistic term
(Giles 1973) Accommodation /
accommodating language
Convergence
Echolalia
Divergence
