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English Language R > Pragmatics > Flashcards

Pragmatics Flashcards

1
Q

What is prescriptivism?

A

Observing with judgment

Prescriptivism focuses on rules and norms in language use.

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2
Q

What is descriptivism?

A

Observing without judgment

Descriptivism analyzes language as it is used by speakers.

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3
Q

Define implication in linguistics.

A

The suggested meaning or inference in communication

Implication often guides the interpretation of statements.

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4
Q

What is implicature?

A

A meaning that is implied but not explicitly stated

Implicature relies on context for its interpretation.

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5
Q

What does context refer to in pragmatics?

A

The circumstances surrounding a communication event

Context includes situational, cultural, and linguistic factors.

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6
Q

What is a figure of speech?

A

A phrase used in a non-literal way

Figures of speech enhance meaning and expressiveness in language.

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7
Q

What does tone refer to in communication?

A

The mood created in a piece of communication

Tone can affect how a message is perceived.

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8
Q

What is undertone?

A

The implied or hidden mood in communication

Undertone can contrast with the explicit message.

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9
Q

Define intention in the context of pragmatics.

A

The aim of something being communicated

Intention influences how messages are crafted and received.

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10
Q

What does perception refer to in communication?

A

How you view something through your senses

Perception can vary significantly among different individuals.

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11
Q

What is an agenda in communication?

A

A list of topics to be discussed

An agenda can guide the direction of a conversation.

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12
Q

What does ambiguous mean?

A

Not very clear

Ambiguity can lead to multiple interpretations of a statement.

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13
Q

Define presupposition.

A

Something assumed beforehand

Presuppositions are often taken for granted in conversations.

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14
Q

What is a presumption?

A

To assume something without concrete evidence

Presumptions can lead to misunderstandings in communication.

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15
Q

What is abductive inference?

A

A form of reasoning that infers the best explanation

Abductive inference often guides hypothesis formation.

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16
Q

What is sarcasm?

A

Using irony to mock or convey contempt

Sarcasm relies heavily on tone and context for interpretation.

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17
Q

Define irony.

A

A contrast between expectation and reality

Irony can be verbal, situational, or dramatic.

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18
Q

What does humorous mean?

A

Being funny

Humor can facilitate social bonding and lighten discussions.

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19
Q

What does offensive mean?

A

To hurt someone’s feelings

Offensive language can lead to conflicts in communication.

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20
Q

What is a pejorative?

A

A term that expresses contempt or disapproval

Pejoratives can alter the tone and meaning of a statement.

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21
Q

Linguistic term

A
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22
Q

(Giles 1973) Accommodation /

A
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23
Q

accommodating language

A
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24
Q

Convergence

A
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25
Q

Echolalia

A
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26
Q

Divergence

A
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27
Q

Paralinguistic features

28
Q

Overt prestige

29
Q

Covert prestige

30
Q

Declarative

31
Q

Imperative

32
Q

Interrogative

33
Q

Exclamatory

34
Q

Interlocuter

35
Q

Locutionary act

36
Q

Illocutionary act

37
Q

Perlocutionary act

38
Q

(Searle 1969) Declaration

39
Q

(Searle 1969) Expressive

40
Q

(Searle 1969) Assertive

41
Q

(Searle 1969) Directive

42
Q

(Searle 1969) Commissive

43
Q

Grice’s maxims

44
Q

Maxim of quality

45
Q

Maxim of relevance

46
Q

Maxim of quantity

47
Q

Maxim of manner

48
Q

Violating a maxim

49
Q

Flouting a maxim

50
Q

Linguistic term

51
Q

(Lakoff 1973) Maxims of

52
Q

politeness

53
Q

(Levinson and Brown 1975) ‘Face

54
Q

politeness theory’

55
Q

Saving face

56
Q

Face-threatening act

57
Q

Defensive strategy

58
Q

Protecting strategy

59
Q

Preventative act

60
Q

Ignorance

61
Q

Corrective process

62
Q

Positive face

63
Q

Negative face

64
Q

Positive politeness

65
Q

Negative politeness

English Language R (1 decks)

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