Pragmatic Development - Lecture 6

Question 1

Define pragmatics

Answer 1

the part played by language in social situations and relationships

Question 2

What theory was Dell Hymes known for?

Answer 2

Communicative Competence

Question 3

Name the three factors involved in Dell Hymes theory (3)

Answer 3

1. When to speak
2. How to respond to others
3. Appropriate registers

Question 4

Explain the bottom line of language functions

Answer 4

children are motivated to acquire language because it serves certain purposes/functions for them

Question 5

Which theorist created the 7 language functions?

Answer 5

Halliday (1975)

Question 6

Name Halliday’s 7 functions (7)

Answer 6

1. INSTRUMENTAL
2. REGULATORY
3. INTERACTIONAL
4. PERSONAL
5. HEURISTIC
6. IMAGINATIVE
7. REPRESENTATIONAL

Question 7

Define instrumental

Answer 7

Using language to express needs

Question 8

Define regulatory

Answer 8

Use language to tell others what to do

Question 9

Define interactional

Answer 9

Using language to make contacts and form relationships

Question 10

Define personal

Answer 10

Using language to express feelings, opinions and identity

Question 11

Define heuristic

Answer 11

Using language to gain knowledge about environement

Question 12

Define imaginative

Answer 12

Using language to tell stories and describe imaginary environments

Question 13

Define representational

Answer 13

Using language to convey facts and information

Question 14

When does pragmatic development begin?

Answer 14

Before a child starts to speak

Question 15

What are routine events accompanied by?

Answer 15

Regularly repeated utterances

Question 16

Describe conversation preparation

Answer 16

Child-parent interactions prepare them for participation in conversation

Question 17

Describe Bancroft (1996) (5)

Answer 17

1. ‘Peek-a-boo’ parallels:
2. Turn-taking
3. Response
4. Common purpose and understand the sequence
5. Pleasure

Question 18

Interactions adults will use despite the fact the child has not began to speak (3)

Answer 18

1. Ask questions
2. Express agreement
3. Give approving/disapproving responses

Question 19

Describe the first conversations (2)

Answer 19

1. First utterances: statements (rather than questions) and not always directed at anyone!
2. Child will often seem to ignore other speaker.

Question 20

Describe ‘typical’ first conversations (2)

Answer 20

1. Initiated by adult

2. Dependent on continued adult input to progress

Question 21

When do conversation skills develop?

Answer 21

Age 2-4

Question 22

Name 4 features that show conversational skills are developing (4)

Answer 22

1. Turn taking
2. Response to questions
3. Greetings
4. Politeness forms

Question 23

What theorist is used in Speech Convergence and Accommodation Theory

Answer 23

Yousef 1991

Question 24

Describe Yousef 1991 (2)

Answer 24

1. Group of children in Trinidad

2. Children responded to different social situations by using different varieties of English

Question 25

Describe Janet at 3 years and 9 months and her past tense verb forms (3)

Answer 25

1. Conversation with mother: 100% SE
2. Family helper (a Trinidadian English speaker): decreasing amounts
3. Brother/same age children: decreasing amounts

Question 26

What happens to children’s’ language after starting school? (2)

Answer 26

1. Children develop increased sensitivity to the needs of their listener.
2. Greater understanding of language more appropriate to formal situations (register).