Practise exam questions Flashcards
Describe the activity profile of team sports (e.g. football, field hockey, rugby, netball, basketball
etc.)
Team sports have an ‘intermittent’ activity profile
The majority of time is spent in low intensity activities - standing, walking, and jogging
Low intensity periods are interspersed with brief intervals of high-intensity activity -sprinting, jumping,
cutting etc.
Explain the impact and relevance of the concurrent training effect on team sport athletes.
Strength response to training is reduced due to involvement in high intensity endurance training
This is relevant to team sports because most sports require a combination of strength and endurance
abilities
Describe how an increase in muscle capilliarisation affects a-vO2 difference?
Increased capillary density in muscle
Increase in mean transit time
Maintenance of a-vO2 diff. even at high intensity
How does training in a muscle glycogen depleted state improve endurance performance?
Results in enhanced mobilisation of fatty acids for fuel
Results in enhanced use of fatty acids for fuel
Spare glycogen = deferred accumulation of waste products associated with glycolysis
What is the duration (weeks) the acute and chronic ratio are calculated from (Gabbett, 2016
BJSM)?
Acute = 1 week
Chronic = 4 weeks
What is an appropriate acute chronic ratio (range) for team sport athletes (Gabbett, 2016
BJSM)?
- 8
1. 3 or 1.5
Identify two objective internal measures to monitor training intensity during exercise.
Heart rate
Blood lactate
Identify two objective training load variables used to monitor training intensity from GPS
High-speed running (HSR)
Relative distance (m/min)
Report three ways of measuring post exercise fatigue.
Biochemical
Neuromuscular
Hormone / endocrine
Perceptual
Why is creatine kinase used as an indirect marker of muscle damage?
CK is found in cells
Low circulating levels of CK in the blood
Following muscle damage CK leaks from cells and is found in the blood
Report two common tests of lower body neuromuscular function.
Counter Movement Jump
Cycle Ergometer
Sprint
Describe three potential causes of transient (short-term) fatigue?
Acidosis
Substrate depletion
Electrolyte depletion
Dehydration
Why does acidosis as a result of high intensity exercise cause an athlete to slow down?
Lactate production causes a proton (H+) to be released which decreases pH.
Decrease in pH inhibits PFK, which is a rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis.
Decrease in pH inhibits Ca+ release, which affects muscle contraction
Blood volume can increases following steady intensity long distance endurance training. What are the mechanisms that cause an increase in maximal cardiac output following this increase in blood volume?
Increase in blood volume results in an increase in end diastolic volume (EDV)
An increase in EDV results in an increase in stroke volume (SV)
Therefore since heart rate maximum will not have changed, maximum cardiac output will increase as
Qmax = SV x HRmax
You investigate the effect of sprint training intervention on phosphofructokinase activity (PFK). Explain the effects of training on PFK enzyme activity, and how changes to PFK enzyme activity will affect metabolism and sprint performance.
PFK activity increases
Allows greater glycolytic flux and therefore ATP re-synthesis from muscle glycogen
Higher power outputs are sustained for a longer period of time
