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practicum Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

collection and transport of specimens

A

name, date, intials
midstream clean catch
transport in sterile cup ASAP

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2
Q

what test differentiates staph aureus from nonpathogenic staph?

A

coagulase

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3
Q

principle of the catalase test

A

differentiate staph from strep

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4
Q

what test is used to distinguish the coliform bacteria from the enteric pathogens?

A

TSI to determine nonlactose fermentors

6.5% NaCl (Enterococcoc, Strep D and Strep V)

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5
Q

what type of collection is not appropriate for anaerobic culture?

A

swab

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6
Q

how could you differentiate Listeria monocyteges from Corynebacterium diptheroids?

A

Listeria motility +

Listeria camp test +

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7
Q

how could you differentiate Alpha Strep from strep pneumo?

A

p disk (strep pnuemo +)

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8
Q

what agar is used for kirby-bauer sensisitivity testing?

A

mueller hinton

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9
Q

which enteric pathogen would be least likely to survive if the stool is left at room temp for an extended period of time or refrigerated?

A

shigella

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10
Q

organisms that cause food poisoning?

A 
campy
E. coli
shigella
salmonella
staph aureus
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11
Q

what organism is gram = rod, motile, oxidase +, with a grape like odor?

A

psuedomonas aeriginosa

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12
Q

which genus contains chromogenic, gram = motile rods which have been implicated in septicemia, pulmonary and urinary tract infections?

A

serratia

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13
Q

what is the most common organism in the human intestine?

A

bacteroides

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14
Q

which genus and species is best cultured in an alkaline peptone medium and causes a severe type of diarrhea producing rice water stools?

A

vibrio cholera

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15
Q

to which lancefield group do most of the human pathogens which are beta hemolytic streptococci belong?

A

group A (pyogenes)

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16
Q

how do you differentiate the genus enterobacter from the genus klebsiella?

A

Entero motility +

Klebsiella motility =

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17
Q

Interpret K/K, alkaline/alkaline

A

nonfermentor

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18
Q

interpret K/A, alkaline/acid

A

glucose fermentor only

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19
Q

interpret A/A, acid/acid

A

lactose and/or sucrose

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20
Q

interpert H2S

A

hydrogen sulfide production

gas

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21
Q

the satellite phenomenon indicates that staphylococci produce which factor?

A

V factor

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22
Q

what is beta-lactamase?

A

enzyme produced by bacteria to inhibit penicillins….resistant to penicillins

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23
Q

what sugar is fermented by all enterobacteriaceae?

A

glucose

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24
Q

meningitis due to Hemophilius influenza is most common in which age group?

A

infants to young children

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25
Q

which genera of Enterobactericiae are non-motile?

A

klebsiella and shigella

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26
Q

which genera of Enterobacteriaceae are resistant to many antibiotics and are frequently found in nosocomial infections?

A

serretia, proteus

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27
Q

which organism is most frequently isolated from a cat or dog bite?

A

pasteurella, multocida

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28
Q

from what type of specimen are members of the genus lactobacillus isolated?

A

GI track, vaginal and urine (from females)

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29
Q

what steps must be taken to identify campylobacter in laboratory?

A

use campy plate
incubate at 42 degrees in CO2
oxidase +
gmst (bent rods) “seagulls”

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30
Q

what antibiotics are added to Thayer-Martin media?

A

Vancomycin ( inhibits gram +)
Colistin (inhibits gram =)
Nystatin (inhibits fungi)

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31
Q

what are faculative organisms?

A

grows aerobic or anaerobic

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32
Q

in the performance of a gram stain what effect would omitting iodine step have on the final color of the gram positive and gram neg organism?

A

crystal violet would not adhere to the cells and the stain will be pink

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33
Q

which organism can be normal in the upper respiratory tract?

A

small amounts of pathogens are normal, must be more than the amount of NF to be significant

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34
Q

which sterilization method utilizing heat is the most effective and useful method for the clinical lab?

A

steam autoclave

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35
Q

which organism could staphyloccocus growing on

SBA be confused with?

A

Group A strep

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36
Q

appearance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a urethral smear

A

intracellular gram negative coffee bean shaped diplococci

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37
Q

if organisms are seen on a direct gram-stained smear but are not recovered on routine culture, what type of organism is implicated?

A

anaerobic organism

38
Q

which body fluid is often cultured in an effort to trace Salmonella typhi carriers

A

bile

39
Q

what is the appearance of an encapsulated organism on blood agar and what effect does the capsule have on the organisms virulence?

A

mucoid

increased virulence

40
Q

principle of the decarboxylase test

A

reactions:
purple—yellow =
purple +

41
Q

deifinition of MIC

A

minimum inhibitory concentration of antimicrobial that inhibits bacterial growth

42
Q

incubation conditions for anaerobes

A

no oxygen (bio-bag) and placed in a gas pak providing CO2 at 36 degrees. Use anaerobic media

43
Q

what terms are used to describe the morphology of the members of the genus corynebacterium?

A

chinese letters
picket fence
palisade

44
Q

characteristics of bacterial spores

A

hard and thick walled capsule, dormant, non-reproductive

45
Q

interpretations of reactions on XLD

A

highly selective also differential

  • salmonella (red colonies with black centers)
  • shigella (red colonies, lac pos (yellow)
46
Q

biochemical characteristics of E. coli

A

lactose fermentor
indole and methyl red pos
urea and H2S neg

47
Q

appearance and pathogenicity of klebsiella pneumoniae

A

large, pink, mucoid on mac

48
Q

what screening test is used in the laboratory to differentiate E. Coli 0157:H from normal strains of E. Coli?

A

mac w/sorbital

latex agglutination serotyping

49
Q

what test can be used to differentiate the two species of proteus?

A

p. vulgarius indole +

p. mirabilit indole =

50
Q

which species might be considered as contaminants if they were isolated from a blood culture?

A

staph epi
diptheroids
bacillus

51
Q

If two organisms are to be used as quality controls, for a particular test or procedure, should the reactions be the same or different?

A

They have to be different, one demonstrating a positive reaction one demonstrating a neg reaction

52
Q

what are the designations for the cell wall, flagellar and capsular antigens in bacteria?

A

cell wall = O

flagella = H

53
Q

which antigens can mask the cell wall antigen in serological typing?

A

K or Vi

54
Q

the safety hood should be used for which procedures in micro?

A

respiratory, AFB, fungal, stool cultures

55
Q

what characteristics of a specimen might cause you to suspect an anaerobe and on what type of laboratory media should such a culture be inoculated?

A

strong odor from a deep wound or abcess

BAP, MAC, CHOC, PEA, ANA, ET tube

56
Q

what is the gram stain morphology of bacteroides and fusobacterium?

A

Bacteroides: GNR with round ends (pleomorphic)
Fusobacterium: GNR pointed ends

57
Q

what types of specimens are suitable for anaerobic culture?

A

deep wounds, abscesses, tissue, blood, transtracheal aspirate, sterile body fluid, suprapubic urine

58
Q

what types of specimens are unsuitable for anaerobic culture?

A

anything thing that comes in contact with O2

59
Q

what gram stain morphology of Neisseria meningitidis and what sugars are utilized?

A

gram neg diplococci, coffee bean shaped

glucose and maltose

60
Q

what stains are used for staining memebers of the genus mycobacterium?

A

ziehl-neelsen

61
Q

why is n-acetyl-l-cystine the most common agent used for sputum concentration for AFB cultures?

A

it is a mucolytic agent that breaks up the specimen and enhances the recovery of mycobacteria; destroys NF; good recovery of AFB

62
Q

what is the colonial morphology of mycobacterium tuberculosis on Lownestein-Jensen medium?

A

rough tough (appearance) and buff (colored), fuzzy, heaped up

63
Q

what can be used as a clearing agent to remove protein material from a mycology specimen?

A

KOH

64
Q

what is the procedure of choice for the demonstration of cyrptococcus in CSF?

A

indian INk

65
Q

what is the best single medium for the primary isolation of fungi?

A

Sabourauds (SABS) SDA

66
Q

what stage in the development of a parasite is best demonstrated by permanent stained smear?

A

troph

67
Q

which method of concentrating stool specimen is best for which parasites?

A

flotation-nematodes, cestode eggs, and coccidia oocysts

sedementation- trematode eggs operulated dont show on flotation, they will sink

68
Q

what is the appearance of the cyst of entamoeba histolytica?

A

mature has 4 nuclei, immature has fewer than 4 nuclei, even staining, cigar shaped chromatid

69
Q

how can differentiate the various species of plasmodium

A

p. falciparum 8-36 merizoites

p. malariae 6-12 merozoites

70
Q

which genera are oxidase positive?

A

psuedomonas, neisseria, and campy

71
Q

which fungi are dimorphic?

A 
coccidiodes imitis
blastomyces dermatisis
hitoplasma capsulatum
paracoccidioides
brazilliensis
sporothrix shenckii
72
Q

hemophilus aegypticus

A

pink eye

73
Q

bordetella pertussis

A

whooping cough

74
Q

brucella abortus

A

brucellosis/malto fever/ undulant fever

75
Q

hemophilus influenza

A

meningitis

76
Q

hemophilus ducrey

A

chancroid

77
Q

bacillus anthracis

A

anthrax

78
Q

clostridium perfringens

A

gangrene

79
Q

clostridium tetanus

A

lock jaw

80
Q

listeria monocytogenes

A

still birth

81
Q

clostridium difficile

A

psuedomoembranous diptheria

82
Q

borrelia recurrentis

A

relapsing fever

83
Q

letospira

A

hemorrhagic jaundice

84
Q

treponema pallidum

A

syphilis

85
Q

enteric fever

A

salmonella typhi

86
Q

treponema carateum

A

pinta

87
Q

treponema pertenue

A

yaws

88
Q

corynebacterium diptheria

A

klebs-lobeffler bacillus

89
Q

klebsiella pneumoniae

A

freedlanders bacillus

90
Q

haemophilus aegyptius

A

kock-weeks bacillus

91
Q

streptococcus pneumoniae

A

lobar pneumonia, sepsis

microbiology practicum (1 decks)

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