practicum

Question 1

What is labeled in the direct fluorescent antibody test?

Answer 1

The known Ab

Question 2

what is the clinical significance of ELISA?

Answer 2

Enzyme labled Ag competes w/ unlabeled pt Ag for binding sites on Ab molecules. More pt Ag = less enzyme labeled Ag to attach.

Question 3

what is the clinical significance of complement fixation test?

Answer 3

If lysis occurs in stage 2, complement did not fix during stage 1.

Question 4

principle/clinical significance of FTA-ABS

Answer 4

• specific for syphillis
• pt. serum is absorbed with extract of nonpathogenic Reiter treponeme to remove nonspecific treponomel Ab.
• Nichols strain of T. Pallidium allowed to react with pt. serum.

Question 5

significance of the Davidson test

Answer 5

• anti-sheep Abs after absorption with guinea pig kidney

* a pos. reaction is indicated by complete removal of anti-sheep agglutinins by guinea pig kidney.

Question 6

what is the significance of the RA test

Answer 6

Rheumatoid factor

EIA technique or nephelometric assay used to test for IgG or IgA isotypes (rarely occur in other diseases)

Question 7

what is the significance of ANA test

Answer 7

SLE (lupus)

Question 8

Are cells seperated before or after they are incubated when looking for cold agglutinins?

Answer 8

After incubation

Question 9

what is the causative agent of syphilis?

Answer 9

Treponema Pallidum

Question 10

what is the causative agent of mononucleosis?

Answer 10

Epstein Barr virus (herpes)

Question 11

which class of immunoglobulins are produced 1st after exposure to Ag

Answer 11

IgM

Question 12

which class of immunoglobulins are found in the greatest concentration?

Answer 12

IgG

Question 13

which class of immunoglobulins are in the greatest concentration after 2nd Ag exposure?

Answer 13

IgG

Question 14

which class of immunoglobulins are associated with allergic reactions?

Answer 14

IgE

Question 15

define heterophile Ab

Answer 15

• Forssman Ab must be removed from pt. serum before testing b/c it causes questionable results.
• Forssman Ab removed by guinea pig kidney
• Non-forssman type Ab are removed with Beef RBCs.

Question 16

what is the Paul-Bunnell presumptive test?

Answer 16

agglutination of 2% seep RBCs by all heterophile Ab in pt. serum. Pos. for IM Ab, Forssman Ab and serum sickness Ab. Pos. test followed by Davidson Differential to confirm IM.

Question 17

what are the results of the davidson differential test in IM Abs?

Answer 17

Absorbed by guinea pig kidney: NO

Absorbed by Beef RBCs: YES

Question 18

what are the davidson differential characteristics of Forssman Abs.

Answer 18

Absorbed by guinea pig kidney: NO

Absorbed by Beef RBCs: YES

Question 19

what is a reagin?

Answer 19

Ab formed against lipid material from damaged cells (syphillis)

Question 20

what is an anamnestic response?

Answer 20

secondary response to Ag

Question 21

what is the the prozone?

Answer 21

Ab excess

Question 22

what is the postzone?

Answer 22

Ag excess

Question 23

what is FC?

Answer 23

It activates complement

Question 24

what is passive immunity?

Answer 24

passed through mothers milk

Question 25

what is acquired immunity?

Answer 25

natural exposure of vaccination

Question 26

what is adoptive immunity?

Answer 26

host from an immune donor

Question 27

what results are seen in syphilis with a biological false pos.?

Answer 27

tests detect Ab in serum that can be caused by agents other than syphilis

Question 28

what sample is used for RPR?

Answer 28

serum or plasma

Question 29

what samples can be used for VDRL?

Answer 29

serum or CSF

Question 30

what are the complement cascade subcomponents?

Answer 30

qrs

Question 31

what is the complement cascade?

Answer 31

C1, C4, C2, C3, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9

Question 32

in the complement cascade C2 requires what to form?

Answer 32

Ca+

Question 33

in the complement cascade C8, C9 require what to form?

Answer 33

Mg 3+

Question 34

what is the most abundant in the cascade?

Answer 34

C#

Question 35

C4 and C2 require what to form C3?

Answer 35

Mg 3+

Question 36

immunoglobulin classes that bind complement?

Answer 36

IgM (1 molecule needed) | IgG (2 molecules needed)

Question 37

What type of immunity are B cells responsible for?

Answer 37

Humoral immunity-synthesis & release of Ab into blood & body fluids, directly neturalizes Ag.

Question 38

what type of immunity are T cells responsible for?

Answer 38

Cellular immunity- production of sensitized lymphocytes & their products (lymphokines)

Question 39

state the titer # that indicates immunity to rubella

Answer 39

10

Question 40

if an individual is vaccinated for rubella, name the type of immunity this is.

Answer 40

active immunity

Question 41

what is the special handling for cold agglutinins?

Answer 41

keep blood sample at 37C until serum & cells seperate

Question 42

List the correct order of appearance of specific markers (Ab/Ag) for Hep B

Answer 42

``` HBsAg HBeAg IgM anti-HBc anti-HBe anti-HBs s, e, c, e, s ```

Question 43

which hepatitis marker indicates the pt. is in the early stages of recovery?

Answer 43

anti-HBe

Question 44

what are the modes of transmission for different hep viruses?

Answer 44

fecal-oral | blood borne

Question 45

test most widely used to detect HIV antibody

Answer 45

ELISA

Question 46

how long on average does it take for an individual to develop HIV Abs after exposure to HIV virus?

Answer 46

6-12 weeks

Question 47

what is the RAST test used for?

Answer 47

IgE (determines allergies)

Question 48

multiple myeloma commonly involves which immunoglobulin class?

Answer 48

IgG

Question 49

what is the main barrier against foreign particle invasion into the body?

Answer 49

skin

Question 50

what is the window phase in HIV testing?

Answer 50

the length of time after infection that it takes for the virus to become detectable by HIV test.