Practicum #2

Question 1

Five bone shape classes

Answer 1

Long, short, flat, sesamoid, and irregular

Question 2

Types of bone markings

Answer 2

Depressions, openings, and projections

Question 3

List the four depressions

Answer 3

Fossa, fovea, facet, groove/sulcus

Question 4

Define groove/sulcus

Answer 4

Long indentation where a narrow structure travels.

Example is interterbecular groove on proximal end of humerus

Question 5

Define fossa

Answer 5

Indentation in a bone where another structure fits.

Example would be on distal epiphysis of humerus on anterior side

Question 6

Define fovea

Answer 6

Shallow pit.

Example is fovea capitis on head of femur

Question 7

Define facet

Answer 7

Concex or concave surface where two bones articulate.

Example would be posterior side of vertebra on either side of spinous process

Question 8

What are the three opening types

Answer 8

Fissure, foramen, canal/meatus

Question 9

Define fissure

Answer 9

Narrow slit in bone or between adjacent parts of bone.

Example is superior orbital fissures of the sphenoid

Question 10

Define foramen

Answer 10

Hole in a bone.

Example is foramen magnum in skull

Question 11

Define canal/meatus

Answer 11

Tunnel through bone.

Example would be external acoustic meatus (ear canal)

Question 12

What are the ten projections

Answer 12

Condyle, crest, head, tubercle/tuberosity, epicondyle, process, spine, protuberance, trochanter, and line

Question 13

Define condyle

Answer 13

Rounded end of bone that articulate as with another bone

Example is the mandibular condyle

Question 14

Define crest

Answer 14

Ridge or projection.

Example is anterior crest of the tibia. Goes down entire length of diaphysis. What you feel when you feel your “shin bone”

Question 15

Define head

Answer 15

Rounded projection from an epiphysis.

Question 16

Define tubercle and tuberosity

Answer 16

Tubercle: small, rounded bony projection

Example is greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus (proximal end)

Tuberosity: larger tubercle

Example is the tuberosity on the humerus (about halfway down) known as the deltoid tuberosity

Question 17

Define epicondyle

Answer 17

Small projection usually proximal to a condyle

Examples are medial and later epicondyles of the distal end of humerus

Question 18

Define process

Answer 18

Prominent bony projection

Examples are coracoid process on anterior side of scapula and acromian process of scapula

Question 19

Define spine

Answer 19

Sharp process

Question 20

Define protuberance

Answer 20

Outgrowth from a bone

Question 21

Define trochanter

Answer 21

Large projection (only found on femur)

Question 22

Define line

Answer 22

Long and narrow ridge

Question 23

Removing the inorganic matrix of bone would do what?

Answer 23

Make it flexible and unable to resist compressions

Question 24

Removing the organic matrix of bone would do what?

Answer 24

Make it brittle and shatter easily