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Biology of Animals Lab > Practicum 2 > Flashcards

Practicum 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the symmetry of Phylum Mollusca?

A

bilateral

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2
Q

What is the body organization of Phylum Mollusca?

A

organ systems

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3
Q

Phylum Mollusca are/have…

A

coelomate, dioecious, protosomes (triploblasts), various degrees of cephalization, Lophotrochozoans

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4
Q

What are the four main morphological features in Phylum Mollusca?

A

shell, mantle, visceral mass, and foot

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5
Q

What are the three classes under Phylum Mollusca?

A

Class Bivalvia, Class Gastropoda, Class Cephalopoda

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6
Q

What are examples of organisms under Class Bivalvia?

A

mussles, clams, scallops, and oysters

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7
Q

How do organisms under Class Bivalvia eat?

A

filter feeding

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8
Q

How do filter feeders eat?

A

extract food from water column

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9
Q

Class Bivalvia’s shell is made of..?

A

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

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10
Q

What kind of digestive system does Class Bivalvia have?

A

complete digestive system

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11
Q

What secretes digestive fluids in Class Bivalvia?

A

digestive gland

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12
Q

What does Class Bivalvia use for locomotion?

A

foot

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13
Q

What kind of circulatory system does Class Bivalvia possess and how is its heart?

A

open circulatory system, three chambered heart

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14
Q

open circulatory system

A

blood leaves arteries and fills body cavity

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15
Q

closed circulatory system

A

blood stays in vessels

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16
Q

Analogous vs Homologous structures in Class Bivalvia

A

analogous structures compared to our eyes (serve similar functions), but not homologous structures because they arose in a different evolutionary lineage

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17
Q

How does excretory system in Class Bivalvia work?

A

filters nitrogenous waste out of blood, excreted out through the nephridiopore

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18
Q

What kind of reproductive system does Class Bivalvia have?

A

dioecious

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19
Q

What is glochidium?

A

larval stage form- use fish gills, skin, or fins as host temporarily

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20
Q

What are examples of organisms under Class Gastropoda “Stomach foots”?

A

snails, slugs, conchs, whelks, and others

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21
Q

Class Gastropoda undergoes developemental process called________where body plan is twisted (results in asymmetrical body)

A

torsion

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22
Q

What is the disadvantage of Class Gastropoda in regards to torsion?

A

fouling

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23
Q

What kind of reproductive system does Class Gastropoda have?

A

some monoecious, some dioecious, but always reproduces sexually

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24
Q

What kind of circulatory system does Class Gastropoda have?

A

open circulatory system

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25
Q

What kind of digestive system does Class Gastropoda have?

A

complete digestive system

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26
Q

What is the mouth part with rasping teeth for scraping food into the mouth called in Class Gastropoda?

A

radula

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27
Q

What are the eating habits of Class Gastropoda like?

A

most herbivorous with some exceptions

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28
Q

What are some examples of organisms under Class Cephalopoda “head feet”?

A

squids, nautiloids, cuttlefish, and octopuses

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29
Q

What are the eating habits of Class Cephalopoda like?

A

all carnivorous, possesses radula, and uses chitinous beak as jaws

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30
Q

What is the largest invertebrate?

A

giant squid

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31
Q

What kind of digestive system does Class Cephalopoda have?

A

complete digestive system

32
Q

What is considered a modified foot and/or arms that grasp prey and direct it into mouth in Class Cephalopoda?

A

tentacles

33
Q

What does Class Cephalopoda use to hold onto prey?

A

suckers (suction cups)

34
Q

What does Class Cephalopoda use to tear prey apart?

A

beak

35
Q

What kind of reproductive system does Class Cephalopoda have?

A

dioecious

36
Q

In Class Cephalopoda, the male passes sperm to female via specialized arm called…

A

hectocotylus

37
Q

What does Class Cephalopoda use for locomotion?

A

jet propulsion (ink glands)

38
Q

How does jet propulsion work in Class Cephalopoda

A

First, the mantle cavity fills with water, then the mantle closes forcing water out of the siphon.

39
Q

What kind of circulatory system does Class Cephalopoda possess?

A

closed circulatory system

40
Q

Class Cephalopoda uses series of _______ (nerve centers) connected by nerve cords as part of their sensory system.

A

ganglia

41
Q

What are two separate evolutionary lines that produce the same (analogous) structure independently called?

A

convergent evolution

42
Q

What is the symmetry of Phylum Annelida?

A

bilateral

43
Q

What is the body organization of Phylum Annelida?

A

organ systems, all are cephalized, have segmented bodies

44
Q

What kind of circulatory does Phylum Annelida have?

A

closed circulatory system

45
Q

What are the small hair-like structure for locomotion in Phylum Annelida called?

A

setae

46
Q

Repetition of many organs in each segment is called…

A

metamerism

47
Q

Phylum Annelida are…

A

coelomates (which creates hydrostatic skeleton), protosomes (triploblasts), Lophotrochozoans

48
Q

What are the two classes under Phylum Annelida called?

A

Class Polycheata and Class Clitellata

49
Q

What kind of movement does Class Polychaeta partake in?

A

some motile, others sedentary

50
Q

What is Class Polycaeta “many setae” mainly comprised of?

A

large group of marine worms

51
Q

What are the paddle-like appendages on each segment from which setae extend (in Class Polychaeta) called?

A

parapodia

52
Q

What do members of Class Clitellata possess as a reproductive structure that aids in sperm transfer and cocoon formation for eggs?

A

clitellum

53
Q

Most of Class Clitellata live in what kind of habitats?

A

terrestrial/freshwater

54
Q

What are the two subclasses under Class Clitellata?

A

Subclass Oligochaeta and Subclass Hirudinea

55
Q

What is the earthworm’s genus under Subclass Oligochaeta “few setae”?

A

Lumbricus

56
Q

In Class Clitellata, Subclass Ogliochaeta, what is used to move via alternating contractions of longitudinal and circular muscles?

A

hydrostatic skeleton and peristaltic movements

57
Q

The Genus, Lumbricus, has what kind of reproductive system?

A

monoecious

58
Q

In the Genus Lumbricus, what filters coelomic fluid from previous anterior segment to remove and excrete nitrogenous waste?

A

nephridia

59
Q

What are the eating habits of Class Clitellata, Subclass Hirudenia like?

A

carnivorous or ectoparasitic

60
Q

What penetrates the host’s skin in Subclass Hirudenia?

A

proboscis

61
Q

In Subclass Hirudenia, what do they use for attatchment to hosts?

A

suckers

62
Q

What is the symmetry of Phylum Arthropoda?

A

bilateral

63
Q

What kind of body organization does Phylum Arthropoda have?

A

organ systems

64
Q

What kind of coelom does Phylum Arthropoda have?

A

coelom, hemolymph- blood in hemocoel

65
Q

What is the exoskeleton of Phylum Arthropoda made of?

A

chitin

66
Q

What process does Phylum Arthropoda undergo that causes exoskeleton to grow as it sheds and molts?

A

ecdysis

67
Q

What clade is Phylum Arthropoda considered?

A

ecdysozoa (protosomes)

68
Q

What is the fusion of body parts called in Phylum Arthropoda and what specifically falls under it?

A

tagmata- head, thorax, and abdomen

69
Q

What kind of circulatory system does Phylum Arthropoda possess.

A

open circulatory system

70
Q

What are the 5 important subphyla called under Phylum Arthropoda?

A

Subphylum Trilobitomorpha, Subphylum Chelicerata, Subphylum Myriapoda, Subphylum Crustacea, and Subphylum Hexapoda

71
Q

What is the most important thing to know about Subphylum trilobitomorpha-trilobites?

A

they’re extinct

72
Q

What are examples of organisms under Subphylum Chelicerata?

A

horseshoe crabs, sea spiders, scorpions, arachnids

73
Q

What does Subphylum Chelicerate use for grasping and
tearing food?

A

chelicerae

74
Q

What is the fused fused head and thorax called in Subphylum Chelicerate (also called prosoma)?

A

cephalothorax

75
Q

What is the abdomen called in Subphylum Chelicerate?

A

opisthosoma

76
Q

What are the names of the two classes under the Subphylum Chelicerate called?

A

merostomata and arachnida

Biology of Animals Lab (1 decks)

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