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GCSE:RE-judaism > practices > Flashcards

practices Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a kippah and why do people wear it

A

A skullcap-sign of respect

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2
Q

What are some different names for a synagogue

A

Orthodox Jews often call it that the “Shul “ - meaning school

Reform Jews call it the “temple” - referring to the temple in Jerusalem

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3
Q

What is a tallit and what does the fringes represent

A

Prayer shawl. fringes represents 613 mitzvots

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4
Q

What is the bimah

A

The platform in the middle where the Torah is read

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5
Q

What is the significance of the bimah

A

Provides a focal point where the torah is being read come on make it easier for the congregation to see the reader and hear what is being said

To some Jews it is a reminder that the water was the central feature of the courtyard in the temple in Jerusalem

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7
Q

What is the Ark - (Aron Hakodesh)

A

An ornamental cupboard or container with the Torah scrolls are kept

Situated at the front of the synagogue usually set into the wall facing Jerusalem

You really reached by climbing up some steps

There are usually two stone tablets placed above the Ark on which the start of each of the 10 Commandments are written

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8
Q

What is the menorah and what does it represent

A

Candle stick holder with seven candles in it-symbolises the seven days of creation

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9
Q

What is the significance of the Ark - ( Aron Hakodesh)

A

The holiest place in the synagogue
Represents the original Ark of the covenant.

The first ark was taken to Jerusalem and placed in the temple built by King Solomon

Today when they faced the Ark in the synagogue they face the city where the temple Once stood

By climbing up the steps to reach the Ark Jews are reminded that God is above his people and the sacred Torah is above humanity

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10
Q

What is the ner tamid

A

The Eternal light

A light that is placed in front of and slightly above the Ark

Traditionally an oil lamp but most synagogues now use electric lights now

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11
Q

What is the significance of the ner tamid

A

Symbolises gods presence so it is never put out

A reminder of the Menorah that was lit every night in the temple in Jerusalem

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12
Q

What happens to the Torah before it is read

A

It is taken around the synagogue so all can be closer to God

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13
Q

What is an yad and why is it used

A

A hand so that the Torah doesn’t get damaged

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14
Q

What is a minyan

A

A group of at least 10 adults the minimum number of Jews required for a religious service

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15
Q

What is a tefillin and why do they wear it

A

Black box-the Jews where the Torah on their arms and forehead to show love to God and that their hearts and minds are focused on God

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16
Q

How is a synagogue a place of worship and prayer

A

Provides a space for worship and communal prayers

Services are regularly held in the synagogue for Jews to pray and worship together

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17
Q

How is a synagogue a place of education

A

Educate the jews of all ages in their faith

May provide classes in Hebrew for young Jews to help them learn the language used in Jewish prayer

synagogues have a library that helps all the Jews to continue improving their understanding of the faith and its Scriptures

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18
Q

How is a synagogue a place of socialising

A

Hosts a variety of activities for children and teenagers and adults in their social hall

Youth club, music or drama groups

A place to discuss matters that are important to the community

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19
Q

How is a synagogue a place of charity work

A

Help students to donate their time and money to charity

Often hold events to raise money for charity

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20
Q

What’s the worship like in an orthodox synagogue

A

Back to the congregation

Singing is accompanied

Late arrivals catch up at their own pace

Some cover their heads at all times

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21
Q

What’s the worship like in an reform synagogue

A

Men and women sit together

They use music

In English and Hebrew

Shorter service

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22
Q

When do prayer services happen in a orthodox synagogue

A

In the morning afternoon and evening

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23
Q

What does the prayer service consist off

A

Opening prayers

Shema

Readings

Amidah

Final prayers (praise and thanks to God)

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24
Q

What is the Amindah

A

“Standing prayers “is said. This is the central prayer for Jewish worship and on a weekday it forms the core of all Jewish prayer services. It is prayed in silence while standing on faceing Jerusalem

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25
Q

What is the amidah split into

A

It consists of 19 blessings

First 3 are praising God and asking for his mercy

The next 13 are asking for gods help

Thanking God and praying for peace, goodness and kindness are the final 3

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26
Q

Why is the Amidah important to jews

A

It is communication with God

It brings you closer to God

It brings the Jewish community together

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27
Q

What is Shabbat

A

A gift from God of a day of rest and renewal

It is the time to relax and rest, worship God and enjoy family life

A time to celebrate that God has kept his promise in the covenant between God and jews

Keeping the fourth commandment- keep the sabbath holy

28
Q

what happens at the Shabbat service

A

Some synagogues hold a service during shabbat for family with children

The main service is on Saturday morning. This service is longer than the weekday prayer services

After the reading the Torah Scrolls are dressed and paraded around the synagogue again and placed back in the Ark

Rabbi gives a sermon

29
Q

What happens before the reading is given at the shabbat service

A

Congregation stands when the Ark is opened - reminds of how the Jews did at the bottom of the mountain when Moses received 10 Commandments

Torah is held in front of the congregation while versus our chaunted then paraded around the synagogue - represents the march through the wilderness when Jews carried the original Ark

Torah passes through the synagogue many touch it with their prayer books or the tassles on their prayer shawl and then touch their lips - tells Jews and cons word should be on the lips and sweet like honey

30
Q

How is shabbat prepared for in the home

A

All work is done and the home is prepared before shabbat begins on Friday evening

At least two candles are placed on the table-represents the two commandments of “remember “and “observe “ sabbath

Two loaves of Challa bread are placed on the table - represent the food that God provided for the Jews on shabbat while wondering the wardens

Wine or grape juice is placed on the table in a Kiddush cup - represents joy and celebration

31
Q

What happens at the shabbat celebrations

A

Shabbat is welcomed through the lighting of the candles-

A female member of the family light the candles
She waved her arms around the candle, then covers the eyes to say a blessing
She also says a prayer asking God to bless the family

The family share a special meal before the Friday evening service -

Before the meal, the parents bless the children and the head of the household recites the kiddush blessing while holding the kiddush cup
Bread is blessed and passed around so everyone has a piece
The meal might last for a few hours, giving the family time to relax and enjoy each other’s company
Meal ends with a prayer of Thanksgiving for food

32
Q

What is the havdalah service

A

This is the end of Shabat

It is performed at home after the Sun has set
Blessings are performed over a a cup of wine, sweet smelling spices and a candle with several wicks
The spices and candle are believed to soothe and bring light to the house after shabbat is over

33
Q

What is worship in the home like

A

Do use are defected to pray three times a day. They traditionally stand to pray and if they are alone they pray silently

Jews are also reminded of God in their homes for example many Jewish homes have one or more small boxes that contain a hand written scroll of verses from the Torah

34
Q

How did jews study the sacred writings

A

Orthodox Jews, the Torah and the talmud are considered to be the source of all Jewish law, legal teachings and decisions that affect their daily lives

For this reason they are studied extensively by orthodox Jews, who may attend classes and lectures to develop their understanding

Reform Jews do not regard the Torah and talmud with the same absolute authority and may not study much of it

35
Q

What are the three ceremonies associated with both

A

Naming ceremony

Brit milah

Redemption of the firstborn son

36
Q

What happened at the naming ceremony

A

Boys and girls born into orthodox families are blessed in the synagogue at the first Shabbat after the birth

Father recites the Torah blessing and ask God for good health of his wife and baby

A baby girl’s name will be announced at this point and a baby boy’s name will be announced after their circumcision

37
Q

What happens at the Brit Milah

A

Happens when a baby boy is eight days old

Baby is placed on an empty chair-represents the presence of prophet Elijah

A trained Circumciser picks up the baby and places him on the knees of the person given the honour of being “the companion of the child “

A blessing is said over wine and the baby is formally named

The baby is circumcised in a simple operation that heals quickly

38
Q

What is the Redemption of the firstborn son

A

Some orthodox Jews give a small amount of money 31 days after the birth of their first born son to redeem him from Temple services

Five silver coins are given to a descendent of the priests who used to work in the temple

39
Q

What’s the significance of the Bar and bat mitzvah

A

It is when Jews become an adult

Preparing carefully for it British Jews closer to God and the community

It is when a Jewish boy is allowed to become part of the minyan

When they do is expected to start strictly following Jewish law and takes full responsibility for doing so

40
Q

How did you celebrate Bar mitzvah

A

First opportunity after their 13th birthday, the boy read from the Torah at the normal service in the synagogue. Many synagogues hold classes to prepare the boys for this occasion

The boy wears a tallit for the first time, May lead part of the service-read from the Torah or saying prayers-and make a short speech

Thanks from the father to God and declared he is now responsible for his own actions

After the service there is often an celebratory meal or party where the boy receives gifts

41
Q

How did you celebrate Bar mitzvah

A

Reform Jewish God often have a bat mitzvah ceremony and celebrations are similar to bar mitzvahs

The girl read from the Torah, gives a short speech, and may lead part of the service in the synagogue

In Orthodox bat mitzvahs the girl reads a poem

Celebrate with a meal or party

42
Q

What are the two parts of a Jewish marriage

A

The betrothal

The marriage ceremony

43
Q

What happens at the betrothal

A

Betrothal refers to the period of time before the wedding ceremony and the couple are engaged to each other. Traditionally last for 12 months

Has a legal status in Jewish law and can only be broken by death or divorce

During the year the couple do not live together but they do prepare for their future lives together

44
Q

What happened at the wedding

A

Takes place in synagogue or in a venue such as hotel, on any day except Shabbat or a festival

Before the wedding

the couple my fast before the wedding to cleanse themselves of sin and come to the wedding with the right attitude

The betrayal ceremony

The bride joins the green underneath the canopyWhich symbolises the couples home. The bride and groom recite 2 blessings over wine and in orthodox wedding the green place is a plain ring on the brides finger. Reform couplesExchange rings

The marriage contract

The marriage contract is signed in the presence of witnesses then read out and given to the bride. Orthodox Jews this covers aspects such as the husbands duty to his wife, the conditions of inheritance upon his death and how he will provide for his wife if they get divorced. Reform Jews, the marriage contract focuses on spiritual aspects. Often describes hopes for the marriage, same for the husband and wife

The marriage itself

seven wedding blessings are reciting. The rabbi makes a short speech And bless the couple. The groom breaks a glass under his heel to show regret for The destruction of the temple in Jerusalem. Good luck from the congregation

The wedding reception

The couple spend a short time together in a private room to symbolise there new status as a married couple. The wedding reception follows that includes music and dancing

45
Q

What are the periods of mourning

A

When the death is announced

The first period of morning

The second period of morning - shiva

The third period of morning

46
Q

What happens when the death is announced

A

When jews first hear of the death of a close family member they make a small tear in the Clothes

Jews say blessings that refer to God as the true judge, which shows they accept gods decision to take the persons life

47
Q

What happens in the first period of mourning

A

Most Jews are buried as soon as after death as possible, usually within the first 24 hours

Until then Jews believe the deceased’s soul should be comforted and supported by family members because it does not fully leave the person until they are buried

I do not have to follow certain Jewish laws close family only

48
Q

What happens in the second period of mourning - shiva

A

Shiva is an intensive period of mourning the loss of seven days, starts on the day of the burial

Mourners do not work but stay at home and hold the prayer services three times a day

One of the prayers said is the kaddush, Which praises God and asks for peace

Mourners do not wear make up, shave or cut their hair, mirrors are covered up so mourners don’t focus on their appearance

49
Q

What happens in the third period of mourning

A

This begins after shiva and lost until 30 days of the persons death

Normal life resumes but mourners do not listen to music, go to parties, shave or cut their hair

Male mourners say the kaddish daily in the synagogue

50
Q

What happens in the fourth period of mourning - shiva

A

This last for 11 months

Mourners do not attend parties

Children continue to say the kaddish for a parent who has died

51
Q

What happened at the funeral

A

Most Jews are buried

The body is washed and wrapped in a linen cloth (and tallit for men)

Takes place in the cemetery (synagogues-a place for the living)

During the service there are prayers, torah reading and a speech by the rabbi

Afterwards, everyone washes their hands to show they are leaving death behind

Tombstone must be placed on the grave to remember the person

Visitors often placed a small stone to show they have visited

52
Q

What is the first rule of Jewish dietary laws

A

Certain types of food cannot be eaten

Land animals
No food with shells

“you are allowed to eat anything which has a complete split hoof and chows the cud”

53
Q

What is the Second rule of Jewish dietary laws

A

Do not mix meat with dairy

“you shall not boil a kid in its mothers milk “

54
Q

What is the Third rule of Jewish dietary laws

A

You must keep a kosher kitchen

A fully kosher household may have two sets of pots, pans and dishes - one for meat and one for dairy

55
Q

What is the Final rule of Jewish dietary laws

A

Animals must be killed according to Jewish law. it must

Be healthy

Have its throat slit by a trained jew. It must not suffer

Have the blood drained from it before it is eaten

“do not partake of the blood”

56
Q

What are the origins of pasach

A

Celebrating Jews escape from slavery in Egypt remembers

the final plague that god Sent

57
Q

What are the preparations made pesach

A

The most important preparation is to remove leaven from the house - Reminders of how they did not have time to let the bread rise when they escape from Egypt

Some firstborn males fast before pesach starts in thanksgiving for their ancestors escape from death

58
Q

What’s the importance of pasach

A

It celebrates the Jews are gods chosen people-God has filled the covenant

To thank God for saving them

To help them fill empathy with those who still live under oppression/slavery

It insures Jewish traditions are passed onto future generations

59
Q

What is the Seder meal

A

On the first day of pasach, family celebrate with a special meal called the Passover Seder

60
Q

What are the items involved in the Passover Seder

A

Red wine

A reminder of the Lambs blood that Jesus made on their door post to save the children from the last page.

unleavened bread

This fulfils gods command to celebrate the escape from Egypt by eating unleavened bread for seven days each year.

Seder plate

61
Q

What is on the seder plate

A

Green vegetables to be dipped in salt water -

Green vegetable symbolise new life in the promised land, Salt water represents the tears shed in slavery

2 bitter herbs -

Represents the bitterness of slavery

An egg and a lamb bone -

The egg and lamb bone or reminders of sacrifices made in the Temple of Jerusalem

62
Q

What is Rosh Hashanah

A

Remembers gods creation of the world

Day of judgement

Jews believe God weighs up and judges a persons action over the past year deciding whether they’re future will be like in the years to come

63
Q

What happens during Rosh Hashanah

A

Jews believe gods judgement can be influenced by their behaviour during the festival so they try to take action to improve gods judgement

The evening Rosh Hashanah starts families share a festive meal with symbolic foods for example apple dipped in honey symbolising hope for a sweet New Year

64
Q

What is Yom Kippur

A

Young kipper, known as the day of atonement is the holiest day in the Jewish calendar

Jews believe gods judgement is finalised on this day, so it is the last chance to repent for any sins

65
Q

What do people do on yom kippur

A

Many Jews spend much of Yom Kippur in the synagogue

Focus on asking God to forgive their sins

During the final service Jews are given one last chance to confess their sins. The doors of the Ark are then closed, showing that gods judgement is now sealed

They were white as a symbol of purity
Bathing, wearing leather shoes and having sex are also forbidden

GCSE:RE-judaism (2 decks)

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