Practice tests Flashcards
Writing which presents a clear argument about an idea is called?
Expository writing
Writing which is anecdotal, experiential, and personal using literary devices is what?
Narrative
Writing which communicates on specialized topics or provides instructions is called?
Technical writing
_______ writing argues a position or opinion on a topical issue.
Editorial
When referencing place values in decimals, does it start at the first number or the first number after the decimal?
First number after the decimal
In order to add two fractions with different denominators, you have to:
Find the least common multiple of the denominators; multiply the top and bottom of each fraction to make the denominators the same.
A type of graph that is appropriate for displaying one or more sets of continuous data
Line graph
A bar graph that is use to display and compare data intervals.
Histogram
How many kg are in a lb?
0.454
How many feet are in a yard?
3 feet
How many square feet are in a square yard?
9 square feet
How do you calculate the mean of a data set?
Add all of the data up, and divide by the number of data sets.
How do you calculate the median of a data set?
Arrange the sets in numerical order, count how many sets there are, divide by 2. If you have an odd number of sets, round up to the next number. That number corresponding to the number in the numerical order is the median.
How do you calculate the mode of a data set?
The set that appears most often. If none appear twice, there is no mode. If two appear more than once, the same number of times, they are bi-modal (it is possible for a data set to have two modes).
How man pounds are in a kg?
2.205
How many ounces are in a lb?
16
How do you find the area of a trapezoid, given the base,
A = top + bottom/2 (height)
Which of the following classes of chemical messengers is able to easily diffuse across the cell membrane?
a. Steroids
b. Interleukins
c. Catecholamines
d. Histamines
A, steroids
Which of these substances will best dissolve in water?
CH4, CCl4, HCI, N2
HCI
HCI is an ionic compound and dissociates into charged particles called ions. Because water molecules are polar, water is a good solvent for ions.
Which of the following is improved when repeated trials of an experiment have consistent results?
Reliability
Validity
Independent variables
Dependent variables
Reliability; it speaks to the repeatabilitiy of an experiment.
_________ refers to how accurately an experiment measures what it is designed to measure.
Validity
An _____________ is a condition that can be changed by the experimenter but is not improved through repeated trials
Independent variable
_____________ respond to changes in the independent variables, but it itself is not improved through repeated trials.
Dependent variables
Which of the following is best to display data in an experiment where cups are placed in a freezer and the temperature is recorded over time?
Pie chart
Bar graph
Venn diagram
Line graph
Line graph. This best represents changes over time.
_____ charts compare the values of different parts of a whole
Pie
_____ graphs can compare resulting data from different experimental groups over larger changes of time
Bar
_____ diagrams show similarities and differences and are not used to represent changes over time.
Venn
Changes over time are best represented by what type of graph?
Line graph
Which of the following is a function of a somatic reflex?
A. It helps to produce an involuntary response in the absence of a stimulus
B. It helps to produce a response quickly to protect the body from harm.
C. It helps to produce variable responses to the same sensory input.
D. It helps the individual to produce an appropriate voluntary response.
B. It helps to produce a response quickly to protect the body from harm
Reflex actions are involuntary, stereotyped, and predictable, as they require the body to respond quickly to a specific sensory input to protect the body.
A _______________ is an involuntary response to a stimulus
Somatic reflex
Which of the following is an example of a long bone?
Vertebra
Sacrum
Ribs
Femur
Femur
Carbohydrates are soluble in _________, unlike lipids.
Water
____________ are easily transported and digested in the body; this, the energy present in them is easily mobilized.
Carbohydrates
Which of the following is the function of the spleen in a healthy adult man?
It stores bile produced in the liver
It synthesizes platelets
It is a vestigial organ
It degrades aged red blood cells
It degrades aged red blood cells
A healthy spleen has narrow tubes that cause aged ___________ to rupture as they try to squeeze through.
Red blood cells
Which of the following occurs when a skeletal muscle is in a relaxed state?
Tropomyosin covers myosin-binding sites
Myosin forms cross bridges with actin filaments
Ca2+ is released into the cytosol of the muscle cell
ATP binds to myosin heads
Tropomyosin covers myosin-binding sites.
When a muscle is in a ________ state, tropomyosin covers myosin-binding sites on actin.
Relaxed
Which of the following results from the release of the neurotransitter dopamine into the nerve synapse?
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential
Dopamine binds to receptor proteins on the membrane of the postsynaptic cell
Dopamine enters the cytoplasm of the postsynaptic cell
Dopamine causes the postsynaptic nerve cell to contract
Dopamine binds to receptor proteins on the membrane of the postsynaptic cell
When dopamine enters the synapse, it binds to ______________ of the postsynaptic cell, causing a response in the cell.
Receptor proteins
Dopamine is a polar molecule that acts by binding to receptors on the ___________ neuron.
Postsynaptic
How can you tell if a compound is covalent or ionic?
By looking at the periodic table. Elements to the left of Carbon are metals. Elements to the right are non-metals. If a compound is made of a two metals, it will be ionic. If a compound is made from a metal and a non-metal, its bonding will be ionic. If a compound is made from two non-metals, its bonding will be covalent.
Which of the following is the role of the urethra?
To transport urine out of the body
To transport the egg to the uterus
To connect the kidneys to the bladder
To connect the uterus to the outside of the body
To transport urine out of the body
After doing a belly flop into a swimming pool, a child says, “The water slapped me.” Which of the following is the property of water that causes the slap?
Irregular expansion
Hydrogen bonding
Capillary action
Hydrophobic exclusion
Hydrogen bonding
A student wants to design an experiment to demonstrate the effects of acid rain on plant life. Which of the following substances should be combined with water to simulate acid rain?
Vinegar
Table salt
Baking soda
ammonia
Vinegar. Vinegar is acidic, with a pH less than 7. Adding it to water will acidify the water to simulate acid rain.
For which of the following temperature scales is 0 degrees equal to the freezing point of water?
Kelvin
Fahrenheit
Celsius
Newton
Celsius
Which of the following is an example of a nonspecific action of the immune system?
A. Plasma cells produce antibodies to attack foreign cells.
B. Memory T-cells are produced in response to vaccines
C. Inflammation is initiated in response to infection
D. Cytotoxic T-cells are activated to attack infected cells.
C. Inflammation is a nonspecific response to an infection and results in redness, fever, swelling, and pain at the site of infection.
Which of the following hormones requires iodine for its production?
a. Thyroid hormones
b. melatonin
c. parathyroid hormoen
d. calcitonin
a. The human body needs iodine, a naturally occurring element, to produce the thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
A gene is bring copied into a molecule that contains ribose and uracil. Which of the following cellular processes does this describe?
a. DNA replication
b. Translation
c. Gene splicing
d. Transcription
d. Transcription is the process by which a gene, encoded in DNA, is copied into a messenger RNA. RNA contains ribose sugar and uracil base.
Which of the following cell organelles are abundant in nerve and muscle cells to help meet their ATP requirements?
a. endoplasmic reticulum
b. mitochondria
c. golgi bodies
d. nucleus
b. mitochondria play a role in cellular respiration and help generate ATP, which provides cellular energy to carry out different functions.
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the adaptive immune system?
a. It uses phagocytes for the ingestion of foreign particles
b. It produces antibodies against a specific antigen in the body
c. It exerts the first response of the immune system against infection
d. It is comprised of non-specific barriers against a pathogen.
B. The adaptive immune system contains B cells, which differentiate into plasma cells, which produce antibodies against specific antigens.
Which of the following terms best describes the bonding together of smaller molecules to form larger molecules?
a. anabolism
b. catalysis
c. catabolism
d. anaphylaxis
a. Anabolism describes the endothermic process by which bonds are formed between molecules to make larger molecules
In humans, A and B alleles are codominant over O to determine blood type. Which of the following combinations of parental genotypes has the greatest probability of producing a child with type AB blood?
a. AB and BO
b. AO and BO
c. AB and AB
d. AA and BB
D. This combination of genotypes has a 100% chance of producing a child with type AB blood.
An infant’s immune system is immature at the time of birth. They reeive their birthing parent’s antibodies through the plaenta before birth and from breast milk after birth. Which of the following terms can be used to describe this type of immunity?
a. Active immunity
b. Adaptive immunity
c. innate immunity
d. passive immunity
D. Passive immunity is an immune response in which antibodies are directly obtained from outside the body. Examples of passive immunity include immunoglobulin therapy and the transfer of antibodies from the birthing parent through the placenta and breast milk.
Which of the following methods could be used to determine how much volume is taken up by rocks placed in a container?
a. Mass the container; mass the container with the rocks in it; calculate the difference in these two masses.
b. Count the number of rocks; mass the rocks; then divide the mass of the rocks by the number of rocks.
c. Fill the container to capacity with water, add rocks to the container; collect the water that overflows and mass it.
d. Mass the container empty; fill it with the rocks and water; then mass it again and find the difference.
C. The volume of the container is approximated by filling it with water. Adding rocks to the container displaces an equal volume of water. Therefore, the water that spills out of the container will equal the volume of the rocks. This question assumes that the rocks are more dense than water.
Which of the following outcomes will most likely result from an increase in a population’s level of education and standard of living and an improvement in educational and employment opportunities for women?
a. Increase in the population’s average female fertility
b. Increase in population’s death rate
c. Decrease in the population’s life expectancy
d. Decrease in the population’s birth rate
d. A decrease in birth rates usually is a consequence with women being engaged with work and education. typically, fertility rates and women’s empowerment are inversely proportional.
Which of the following statements are true regarding the lymphatic system? Select all that apply.
a. It is a closed circulatory system
b. The lymph flows from the interstitial spaces towards the heart.
c. The lymph transports carbon dioxide to the lungs for expiration
d. The lymphatic system helps the body to absorb lipids.
e. The lymphatic system contains more red blood cells than white blood cells.
B, D
The ___________ system contains a clear fluid called lymph that flows in one direction from the interstitial spaces toward the lymph ducts that then empty into the veins to enter the circulatory system and travel toward the heart.
Lymphatic
____________ vessels, called lacteals, absorb dietary lipids from the small intestines.
Lymphatic
Which of the following is true of centromeres of mitotic chromosomes prior to anaphase?
a. It is the region where sister chromatids are most closely attached.
b. It is the region where crossing over occurs
c. It is the region where replication begins
d. It is the region where histones are made.
A. A centromere is a specialized region where to chromatids are most closely attached.
Which of the following is the collagen-rich material that connects muscles to bone?
a. Tendon
b. ligament
c. reticular tissue
d. areolar tissue
A. Tendons connect muscle to bone. For example, the Achilles tendon connects the lower leg muscles to the heel bone.
A field containing a single variety of commercial bananas is devastated by a virus. Nearby, wild banana groves with similar plant densities show infection, but many plants remain healthy. Which of the following statements best explains this observation?
a. Crowded fields lead to higher plant stress and greater susceptibility to infection.
b. Density-dependent shading in the commercial fields leads to rapid spread of viruses in damp soil.
c. Wild bananas have more genetic variation, and some plants are resistant to the banana virus.
d. Commercial bananas are genetically modified and less robust than wild bananas.
C. A single variety is a clone of a high-yielding plant, and it has no genetic variation. All the cloned plants are susceptible to the virus. Variation is a prerequisite of adaptation to changing environments.
Which of the following correctly describes the color change and substance properties for acid-base indicator testing?
a. Blue litmus turns red, indicating the presence of a base with a pH > 7 .
b. Red litmus turns blue, showing the presence of an acid with a pH > 7.
c. Blue litmus turns red, indicating the presence of an acid with a pH < 7.
d. Red litmus turns blue, showing the presence of a base with a pH < 7.
C. Blue litmus would turn red with an acid, and acids have a pH less than 7.
The process known as gastrulation results in the formation of which of the following embryonic structures?
a. Germ layers
b. circulatory system
c. neural crest
d. limb buds
A. The gastrula derives from invagination of the blastula early in development and is the structure in which the germ layers (the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) are laid down.
Which of the following correctly describes physcial changes between states of matter?
a. Deposition occurs when the water in a lake changes to ice.
b. Evaporation occurs when candle wax burns to form smoke.
c. Condensation occurs when glue solidifies with exposure to air.
d. Sublimation occurs when dry ice turns into carbon dioxide gas.
D. Sublimation is the conversion of a solid into a gas without passing through a liquid stage. Since carbon dioxide goes from a solid phase to a gaseous phase, this process is sublimation.
Which of the following describes the function of the ribosome in a cell?
a. Production of ATP molecules from energy in nutrient molecules.
b. Disposal and recycling of damaged or unneeded cell parts.
c. Use of genetic information to build specific protein molecules.
d. Regulation of molecules entering and leaving the cell.
C. The ribosome is the site of translation of the genetic code of DNA and RNA into the amino acid code of proteins.
Which of the following statements describes an ion of the isotope Aluminum-27?
a. The ion has 13 neutrons
b. The atom has a mass number of 14.
c. The atom has 27 electrons.
d. The ion has an electric charge of +3.
D. This ion contains 13 protons and 10 electrons. Losing three electrons will give the ion a charge of +3. The mass number (27) is the sum of protons and neutrons
An element’s ______ number is the sum of protons and neutrons.
Mass
Which of the following molecules present in blood has the ability to buffer changes in pH?
a. Cholesterol
b. Bicarbonate
c. Plasma sugars
d. Circulating salts
B. Bicarbonate is the conjugate-base of carbonic acid, which is made from water and carbon dioxide, both of which are present in abundance in blood. Therefore, bicarbonate is a buffer in conjunction with carbonic acid.
Which of the following connects the ovaries to the uterus?
a. vas deferens
b. ureters
c. fallopian tubes
d. urethra
C.
Which of the following explains what happens in the circulatory system during hyperventilation?
a. Oxygen levels increase, causing an increase in blood pH.
b. Carbon dioxide levels decrease, causing an increase in blood pH.
c. Oxygen levels decrease, causing a decrease in blood pH.
d. Carbon dioxide levels increase, causing a decrease in blood pH.
B. As carbon dioxide levels decrease, the blood become more basic, increasing blood pH.
A patient who has a mutation that causes type 1 diabetes mellitus is trying a therapy that will use their own somatic stem cells to restore their insulin production. Before their stem cells can be used for therapy, which of the following should be done?
a. The stem cells should be inactivated with UV radiation
b. A normal gene should be supplied in place of the defective one before therapy.
c. The patient should be advised that the genetically altered cells will be passed on to offspring
d. The patient should be tested to ensure that their body will not reject the stem cells
B. The patient’s insulin-producing genes are damaged. A functional insulin-producing gene should be placed into the cells with the aim of integrating the gene into the DNA.
Vitamin b12 is converted to methyl-cobalamin, which is consumed in a reaction where methionine synthase produces the amino acid methionine. Which of the following molecules is the catalyst in this reaction?
a. Vitamin b12
b. methyl-cobalamin
c. methionine synthase
d. methionine
C. Methionine synthase has the suffix -ase, which is standard nomenclature for enzymes. Its name further indicates that it helps to make methionine, so it is a catalyst.
In which of the following parts of the digestive system is vitamin b12 absorbed?
a. Stomach
b. pancreas
c. large intestine
d. small intestine
D. Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the distal ileum of the small intestine by receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Which of the following diseases is primarily caused by a toxin produced by a microorganism?
a. Cholera
b. leprosy
c. acne
d. HIV
A. Diarrhea associated with cholera is caused by cholera toxin secreted by certain strains of the bacterium vibrio cholerae.
Which of the following will occur in the absence of melanocytes in the skin?
a. The skin will have a thin dermis
b. The skin will not have pigmentation
c. The skin will get tanned on exposure to sunlight
d. The skin will not be able to maintain its temperature.
B. Melanocytes produce the pigment called melanin, which gives skin its color. In the absence of melanocytes, the skin will not be able to produce the pigment melanin and will have a pale and white appearance.
Which of the following options demonstrates correct sentence structure?
a. Poring over the books for hours; they were to be sold tomorrow.
b. The books were to be sold tomorrow, that’s why she spent house poring over them.
c. She spent hours poring over the books because they were to be sold tomorrow.
d. Tomorrow, the books were to be sold, therefore, she spent house poring over them.
C
Leslie’s fear of the dentist’s drill made her dread her office visits; ________, knowing the importance of good dental health, she keeps her appointments.
Which word should be used to correctly link the two clauses in the sentence above?
a. however
b. consequently
c. likewise
d. therefore
A
A student is editing a document. Which of the following words is written correctly?
a. dis-honesty
b. check-list
c. ex-manager
d. rattle-snake
C
Based on an examination of word parts, which of the following words means “a lover of books”?
Bibliography
Bibliophile
Bibliophobe
Bibliomancy
Bibliophile
Based on an analysis of word structure, which of the following is the meaning of the word pandemic?
a. Something that affects all people
b. something that refers to greek mythology
c. something that causes a disease
d. Something that occurs in a specific area
A
Can scientists separate caffiene and nicotine from tea and coffee using simple chemical proceses?
Which of the following words are misspelled in the sentence above? (select all that apply.)
a. Scientists
b. caffiene
c. nicotine
d. proceses
e. seperate
B, D, E
Penicillin rarely kills bacteria it merely prevents them from multiplying.
Which of the following correctly punctuates the underlined portion of the sentence above?
a. bacteria it
b. bacteria, it
c. bacteria; it
d. bacteria it,
C
Which of the following sentences is correctly punctuated?
a. “An object that sinks,” said the teacher, “displaces an amount of water equal to the object’s volume.”
b. John said, Only three colors are available red, blue, and yellow.
c. Grandfather says, that we must eat healthy well balanced meals and exercise regularly to stay fit.
d. The principal announced that “Carol Williams the new mayor would be the chief guest on the occasion.”
A
Which of the following sentences would be appropriate in an informative article about small steps consumers can take to reduce waste and improve the environment?
a. Studies show that in order to create a new positive habitat, you should meditate at the same time each day.
b. Personally, I don’t believe climate change is really happening.
c. Consider using a cloth bag instead of paper or plastic when shopping.
d. Future generations are relying on you to make the changes right now.
C
Young children often have _______ as their role models.
Which of the following correctly completes the sentence above?
a. Heros
b. Hero’s
c. Heroes
d. Heroes’
C
“A Modest Proposal” by Jonathan Swift suggests that allowing rich landowners to eat the children of the poor is a solution for the problem of starvation in Ireland. While his idea is clearly outrageous, Swift pursues this idea to highlight the stark differences between the wealthy landowners and peasants. In particular, he is criticizing the Irish aristocracy’s treatment of the poor.
Which of the following best describes Swift’s tone?
a. Satirical
b. Humorous
c. Expository
d. Informative
A
Which of the following is defined as informal language?
a. Regionalism
b. Colloquialism
c. brand name
d. gender pronoun
B
Which of the following sentences require an appropriate citation within a writing assignment?
a. According to billboards popping up throughout Hanlon County, vitamin C is the best way to prevent the common cold.
b. According to a recent study published in the Midwestern Journal of Homeopathy, taking vitamin C alone is not enought to prevent the common cold.
c. Many of us feel that taking extra vitamin C does not do enough to help prevent the common cold.
d. My doctor used to remind me to drink orange juice every day. She would exclaim, “It is so good for you and chock-full of vitamin C!”
B
It has been truly said that whatever the mind can concieve and believe, the mind can achieve.
Which of the following words is misspelled in the sentence above?
a. concieve
b. believe
c. achieve
d. truly
A
Which of the following is a simple sentence?
a. Since the researchers’ explanation was not consistent with their earlier observations, they restructured their hypothesis, and they decided to reattempt the experiment in 2020.
b. The researches decided to reattempt the experiment in 2020 due to the inconsistency between their recent explanations and earlier observations.
c. Owing to the inconsistency between their recent explanations and earlier observations, the researchers decided to reattempt the experiment in 2020.
d. After the researchers found an inconsistency between their recent explanations and earlier observations, they decided to reattempt the experiment in 2020.
C
