Practice Test Ch 32: An Overview of Animal Diversity Flashcards
Which of the listed characteristics is shared by plants, fungi, and animals?
(Concept 32.1)
a. Their cells are supported and connected to one another by structural proteins
b. They are heterotrophs
c. They are multicellular eukaryotes
d. They have cell walls
e. They release enzymes to the outside of the body to aid in digestion
C. Correct, all 3 groups are multicellular eukaryotes
a. X
This is true of animals, which lack cell walls
b.X
Most plants are autotrophs
d. X
Animals do not have cell walls
e. X
This is generally true of fungi but not of most animals and plants
Animals probably evolved from colonial protists. How do animals differ from these protist ancestors?
(Concept 32.1)
a. The protists were autotrophic
b. Animals are able to reproduce
c. The protists were prokaryotic
d. The protists were heterotrophic
e. Animals have more cells than their protist ancestors and their cells show greater specialization
e. Animals are multicellular and have many specialized cells
a. X
The protists from which animals evolved were heterotrophic
b.X
Reproduction is one of the characteristics common to all life
c.. X
Both animals and protists are eukaryotic
d. X
Animals are heterotrophic as well
During the development of most animals, cleavage leads to __________.
(Concept 32.1)
a. fertilization
b. the formation of a zygote
c. a multicellular blastula
d. metamorphosis
e. the formation of a gastrula
c. The blastula is a multicellular stage, which in many animals takes the form of a hollow ball
a. X
Fertilization occurs before cleavage
b.X
A zygote is formed during fertilization, and the zygote undergoes cleavage
d. X
Metamorphosis is a resurgence of development that transforms an animal from a larva into an adult. There are many developmental stages between cleavage and metamorphosis.
e. X
Cleavage leads to the blastula stage, which is followed by gastrulation.
Many young animals are __________, a sexually immature form that is morphologically distinct from the adult stage. These young animals undergo __________ to become __________, which resemble adults but are not yet sexually mature.
(Concept 32.1)
a. juvenile; metamorphosis; adults
b. larvae; metamorphosis; juvenile
c. larvae; metamorphosis; adults
d. larvae; gastrulation; juveniles
e. juvenile; gastrulation; adults
b. Larvae go through metamorphosis to become juveniles
a. X
Larvae are usually the first stage that undergoes metamorphosis. In addition, metamorphosis produces juveniles, which are sexually immature.
c.X
Metamorphosis produces juveniles, which are sexually immature.
d. X
Gastrulation is an embryonic process that helps establish the basic body plan.
e. X
Larvae are usually the first stage that undergoes metamorphosis. Gastrulation is an embryonic process that helps establish the basic body plan. In addition, metamorphosis produces juveniles, which are sexually immature.
Which of the following correctly lists the embryonic stages in the order that they develop?
(Concept 32.1)
a. zygote; blastula; larva; gastrula
b. zygote; larva; gastrula; blastula
c. zygote; gastrula; blastula; larva
d. zygote; blastula; gastrula; larva
e. bastula; zygote; gastrula; larva
d. A zygote is the first embryonic stage, and the final stage is the larva.
a. X
The gastrula occurs before the larva.
b.X
The blastula stage occurs before the gastrula stage, which leads to the larval stage.
c. X
The blastula occurs before the gastrula.
e. X
The zygote occurs before the blastula.
Which of the listed examples is a current hypothesis regarding the Cambrian explosion?
(Concept 32.2)
a. An increase in atmospheric CO2 led to an explosion of plants and life-forms that fed on plants.
b. A rise in atmospheric nitrogen led to success of large animals with higher metabolic rates.
c. Evolution of the Hox gene complex provided developmental flexibility.
d. Increased numbers of predator species led to a dramatic decline in prey species.
e. All of the listed responses are correct
c. This is a proposed theory to explain the Cambrian explosion.
a. X
This is not a theory posed to explain the Cambrian explosion, which involved an “explosion” of animal diversity.
b.X
A rise in atmospheric oxygen led to success of large animals with high metabolic rates.
d. X
Predator-prey relationships led to increased diversity through natural selection.
e. X
Only one choice is correct
Which of the following occurred during the Mesozoic era?
(Concept 32.2)
a. A great diversity of new body plans emerged among animals.
b. Large mammalian herbivores and carnivores arose.
c. Flight evolved in pterosaurs and birds.
d. Marine reptiles disappeared.
e. Fishes emerged as top predators in marine food webs.
c. This was the era in which flight first evolved in vertebrates.
a. X
No fundamentally new body plans emerged during the Mesozoic era.
b.X
This occurred during the Cenozoic.
d. X
During the Mesozoic, some reptiles returned to the water and succeeded as large aquatic predators. Their decline occurred in the Cenozoic.
e. X
This occurred during the Silurian and Devonian periods.
Which of the following groups does not exhibit bilateral symmetry?
(Concept 32.3)
a. chordates
b. molluscs
c. arthropods
d. jellies
e. annelids
d. Individuals in the phylum Cnidaria represent an early branch of the animal kingdom. The other groups mentioned in this question exhibit bilateral symmetry, but jellies exhibit radial symmetry.
a. X
Chordates exhibit bilateral symmetry.
b.X
Molluscs exhibit bilateral symmetry.
c. X
Arthropods exhibit bilateral symmetry.
e. X
Annelids exhibit bilateral symmetry.
Which of the following is a characteristic of cnidarians?
(Concept 32.3)
a. triploblastic bodies
b. mesoderm
c. ectoderm and endoderm
d. bilateral symmetry
e. a lack of true tissues
c. Cnidarians are diploblastic.
a. X
Cnidarians are diploblasts.
b.X
Cnidarians do not typically have a mesoderm layer.
d. X
Cnidarians exhibit radial symmetry.
e. X
Cnidarians have true tissues.
In the embryo of a shark, ectoderm gives rise to __________; mesoderm gives rise to __________; endoderm gives rise to __________.
(Concept 32.3)
a. muscle; the outer covering of the animal; the lining of the digestive tube
b. the central nervous system; the outer covering of the animal; the lining of the digestive tube
c. the central nervous system; muscle; the lining of the digestive tube
d. muscle; the outer covering of the animal; the central nervous system
e. the lining of the digestive tract; muscle; the outer covering of the animal
c. Each of these is associated with the germ layer that gives rise to it.
a. X
Muscle derives from mesoderm and the outer covering of the animal derives from ectoderm.
b.X
The outer covering of the animal derives from ectoderm, not mesoderm.
d. X
None of these is correctly associated with the germ layer that gives rise to it. Muscle derives from mesoderm, the outer covering of the animal and the central nervous system derive from ectoderm, and the lining of the gut derives from endoderm.
e. X
Mesoderm does give rise to muscle tissue; however, the other two are not correctly associated with the germ layers that give rise to them. The lining of the digestive tract is derived from endoderm, and the outer covering of the animal derives from ectoderm.
All animals with bilateral symmetry have __________ germ layer(s).
(Concept 32.3)
a. two
b. one
c. three
d. zero
e. four
c. All bilaterally symmetrical animals have three germ layers.
a. X
Animals with radial symmetry have two germ layers.
b.X
All animals with true tissues have more than one germ layer.
d. X
Only sponges, which lack true tissues, have no germ layers.
e. X
There are no animals with four germ layers.
A true coelom is __________.
(Concept 32.3)
a. a thoracic body cavity
b. an abdominal cavity
c. a body cavity lined with endoderm and mesoderm
d. a body cavity lined with tissues from the endoderm
e. a body cavity lined with mesoderm
e. A true coelom is a fluid-filled body cavity lined with tissue derived from mesoderm.
a. X
A true coelom is a fluid-filled body cavity lined with tissue derived from mesoderm.
b.X
A true coelom is a fluid-filled body cavity lined with tissue derived from mesoderm.
c. X
This does not describe a true coelom but rather a pseudocoelom.
d. X
A true coelom is a body cavity lined with tissues derived from the mesoderm.
One of the primary developmental/anatomical characteristics distinguishing the major animal phyla is the condition of the body cavity. A pseudocoelomate animal is one in which the body cavity is __________. (Concept 32.3)
a. bounded completely by endoderm
b. lined on one side by mesoderm and on the other side by endoderm
c. filled by a solid mass of mesoderm
d. bounded partly by ectoderm
e. bounded completely by mesoderm
b. If the cavity is not completely lined by tissue derived from mesoderm, it is termed a pseudocoelom.
a. X
This condition does not exist in the animal kingdom. The food tube is not, technically speaking, a body cavity.
c. X
Then there would be no cavity; animals that lack a body cavity are said to be acoelomate.
d. X
Ectoderm gives rise to the central nervous system.
e. X
Such a body cavity is characteristic of a coelomate animal.
The presence of a coelom is advantageous because __________. (Concept 32.3)
a. it allows for a third embryonic germ layer
b. it is a requirement for a complete digestive tract
c. it permits the development of an open circulatory system
d. it allows room for the development and movement of internal organs
e. all of the listed responses are correct
d. A body cavity enables the internal organs to grow and move independently of the outer body wall.
a. X
Some triploblastic phyla lack a body cavity.
b.X
Animals that do not have a true coelom may still have a complete digestive tract.
c. X
Many animals with a true coelom have closed circulatory systems.
e. X
Only one of the other choices is correct.
Indeterminate cleavage produces embryonic cells that __________. (Concept 32.3)
a. form eggs or sperm
b. form mesoderm but not endoderm or ectoderm
c. retain the capacity to develop into a complete embryo
d. do not divide according to any recognizable pattern
e. form ectoderm but not endoderm or mesoderm
c. Each cell produced by the first few mitotic divisions can develop into a complete embryo.
a. X
Eggs and sperm are made by meiosis, whereas cleavage involves mitotic divisions.
b.X
Embryonic cells produced by indeterminate cleavage can develop into a complete embryo.
d. X
This is not what indeterminate means. Embryos generally develop along well-controlled pathways.
e. X
Embryonic cells produced by indeterminate cleavage can develop into a complete embryo.
