Practice Test Flashcards
1) In most tissue beds, blood flow is regulated in proportion to which of the following? A. arterial blood pressure B. cardiac output C. local metabolism D. mean circulatory filling pressure
C
1) Arterial blood pressure is independent of flow and what? A. arterial blood pressure B. cardiac output C. local metabolism D. mean circulatory filling pressure
B
1) What controls cardiac output?
A) local tissue flow
B) local metabolism
C) local blood vessels
A
1) Blood flow is proportional to what? A. arterial blood pressure B. cardiac output C. local metabolism D. mean circulatory filling pressure
C
2) resistance in the following tissue beds coronary = .40 mmHg/ml/min brain = .13 mmHg/ml/min liver = .08 mmHg/ml/min kidneys = .10 mmHg/ml/min What is the total peripheral resistance? A) greater than .71 B) between .08 and .4 C) less than .08 D) undeterminable
C
1/R=1/R+1/R+1/R+1/R
3) coronary = .40 mmHg/ml/min brain = .13 mmHg/ml/min liver = .08 mmHg/ml/min kidneys = .10 mmHg/ml/min Using the data above, which tissue bed would have the greatest flow? A) coronary B) brain C) liver D) kidneys
C (would have the least resistance)
4) In the following vessels the flow rate is identical, which vessel is offering the greatest resistance to flow? A) P1-50 P2-25 B) P1-70 P2-60 C) P1-80 P2-65 ***************EXAM************
A (greatest change in P1 to P2 is greatest resistance)
5) A broad band Doppler reading is indicative of what type of flow? A) laminar B) turbulent C) intermittent D) flow has ceased ***********EXAM**************
B (abnormal) (partial occlusion)
5) A narrow band reading is indicative of what type of flow? A) laminar B) turbulent C) intermittent D) flow has ceased
A (normal flow)
6) If a vessel with a length of 100 cm has a cross sectional area of .5cm2, and velocity of flow of 10cm/sec. The pressure drop across that length is 10mmHg. What is the flow in the vessel? A) 10ml/min B) 20ml/min C) 100ml/min D)300ml/min
D (F=vx)
7) The vascular compartment with the greatest total cross sectional area is which of the following? A) aorta B) large arteries C) capillaries D) large veins
C
7) The vascular compartment with the slowest speed of flow is which of the following? A) aorta B) large arteries C) capillaries D) large veins
C
8) Which of the following is not characteristic of parallel circuitry? A) independence of flow control B) maximizes total peripheral resistance C) Maximizes oxygen delivery to tissues D) decreases work load on the heart
B
8) Which of the following is characteristic of parallel circuitry? A) dependent of flow control B) minimize total peripheral resistance C) minimize oxygen delivery to tissue D) increases work load on the heart
B
9) A small change in volume producing a large change in pressure is characteristic of which vascular compartment? A) systemic arteries B) systemic veins C) microcirculation D) all of the above
A
9) A large change in volume producing a small change in pressure is characteristic of which vascular compartment? A) systemic arteries B) systemic veins C) microcirculation D) all of the above
B
10) Acetylcholine binding to the vascular endothelium has what effect?
A) vasodilatation by causing nitric oxide release
B) vasodilatation by causing adenosine release
C) vasoconstriction by triggering muscle spasm
D) vasoconstriction by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system
A (vasodilator)
11) What is the effect of sympathetic nervous stimulation on most vascular smooth muscle?
A) vasodilatation mediated by alpha receptors
B) vasodilatation mediated by beta receptors
C) vasoconstriction mediated by alpha receptors
D) vasoconstriction mediated by beta receptors
C
12)During widespread sympathetic nervous system stimulation, which tissue bed would show the least increase in vascular resistance? A) stomach B) kidney C) lung D) liver
C (also heart and brain)
13) As a tissue becomes more active, how is blood flow to that tissue increased?
A) tissue releases local vasodilators
B) reflex increase in systemic blood pressure
C) sympathetic induced local vasodilatation
D) parasympathetic induced local vasodilatation
****EXAM*********
A
14) At a given mean circulatory filling pressure what happens to venous return as central venous pressure increases?
A) increases
B) decreases
C) stays constant
B
15) If cardiac output is stopped, arterial pressure will be expected to fall until it equals which of the following? A) critical closing pressure B) mean circulatory filling pressure C) pulse pressure D) central venous pressure
A
15) If cardiac output is stopped, arterial pressure will be expected to fall until it equals which of the following if there is a shunt? A) critical closing pressure B) mean circulatory filling pressure C) pulse pressure D) central venous pressure
B
16) In a healthy young adult comment about tissue flow during diastole (relaxation)?
A) it ceases
B) maintained by recoil of the arteries
C) maintained by release of local vasodilators
D)maintained by parasympathetic vasodilatation
B
17) If blood flow to a tissue doubles from 200ml/min to 400ml/min, and the AV O2 difference falls from .05 ml O2/ml to .025 ml O2/ml. Comment on the increase in flow
A) it is a functional increase in flow
B) it is due to an increase in tissue metabolism
C) it is likely due to shunting
D) it is due to the release of local vasodilators
****EXAM***
C
17) If blood flow to a tissue doubles from 200ml/min to 400ml/min, and the AV O2 is constant. Comment on the increase in flow.
A) it is a functional increase in flow
B) it is due to an increase in tissue metabolism
C) it is likely due to shunting
D) it is due to the release of local vasodilators
AB
18) What increases the plasma colloid osmotic effect by about 50%
A) positive charges on protein attracting and holding negative ions like chloride
B) negative changes on protein attracting and holding positive ions like sodium/albumin
C) the large quantity of fibrinogen that is converted to fibrin
D) the natural charge attraction of sodium and chloride
B
19) which of the following effects is not attributed to slow breathing (6 breaths/minute)
A) increased resting oxygen saturation
B) increased sympathetic activity
C) decreased chemoreflex activation
D) decreased mean arterial blood pressure
B
19) which of the following effects is attributed to slow breathing (6 breaths/minute) A) decreased resting oxygen saturation B) decreases sympathetic activity C) increase chemoreflex activation D) increase mean arterial blood pressure
B
20) What effect does decreasing velocity have on blood viscosity?
A) increase
B) decrease
C) no effect
A ( increase viscosity=sticking together )
21) How does fibrinogen decrease blood viscosity? A) causes local vasodilation B) by thinning out plasma C) makes RBCs more flexible D) reduces the number of RBCs
C
22) Considering vascular function as central venous pressure increases, what happens to venous return?
A) increases
B) decreases
C) stays constant
B
23) when looking for mean circulatory filling pressure, where do you look?
A) where it crosses the x axis
B) where it crosses the y axis
A
24) The chronic use of anti-inflammatory drugs could be expected to inhibit which of the following processes? A) local vasodilatation B) angiogenesis C) glomerular filtration D) hydraulic filtering ***************EXAM*****************
B (part of inflammation response)
25) average cappilary hydrostatic P=17mmHg
average capillary colloid osmotic P=28mmHg
average interstitial hydrostatic P=-2mmHg
average interstitial colloid osmotic P=9mmHg
A) filtration > reabsorption
B) filtration
C (change in hydrostatic 17–2=19 and change in osmotic 28-9=19)
26) Which brainstem area is tonically active and is associated with a tonic SNS outflow?
A) neurons associated with the nucleus tractus solitarius
B) neurons anterolateral in the upper medulla and pons
C) neurons anterolateral in the lower medulla
D) neurons posteromedially in the medulla
****EXAM*****
B (vasoconstrictor)
26) What brainstem area is sensory for barorecptor feedback?
A) neurons associated with the nucleus tractus solitarius
B) neurons anterolateral in the upper medulla and pons
C) neurons anterolateral in the lower medulla
D) neurons posteromedially in the medulla
D
26) What area in the brainstem is the depressor area?
A) neurons associated with the nucleus tractus solitarius
B) neurons anterolateral in the upper medulla and pons
C) neurons anterolateral in the lower medulla
D) neurons posteromedially in the medulla
C
27)Which of the following substance is associated with local vasodilatation? A) norepineprine B) angiotensin II C) antidiurectic hormone D) adenosine
D
27) Which of the following substance is associated with local vasoconstriction? A) norepineprine B) angiotensin II C) antidiurectic hormone D) adenosine
ABC
28) What high resistance microvessels control local blood flow by intergrating multiple input which determine lumen diameter?
A) arterioles
B) capillaries
C) venules
D) large arteries
******EXAM*********
A
29) vessel 1: orig. vol. = 20ml, change vol. = 1ml, change press. = 2mmHG
vessel 2: orig vol. = 10ml, change vol. = 1ml, change press. = 2mmHg
A) vessel one is more distensible than vessel two
B) vessel two is more distensible than vessel one
C) vessel one and vessel two are equally distensible
B (D=change V/ change PxVi)
larger number=more distensible
30) Which of the following may act at the level of the CNS in the development of hypotension? A) acetylcholine B) norepinephrine C) adenosine D) nitric oxide E) serotonin
DE
31) In the kidney, how does SNS stimulation, increase angiotensin formation?
A) by stimulation of the JG cells to release angiotensin
B) by stimulation of the JG cells to release renin
C) by stimulation of the vasa recti to release vasopressin
D) by stimulation of the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
****EXAM****
B
32) In response to a fall in systemic arterial blood pressure, which of the following changes would be counterproductive in offsetting that fall? A) increase in SNS stimulation B) increase in renin release C) increase in vasopressin release D) increase in ANP release
D (decrease would help)
33) In the face of rising arterial blood pressure, which of the following responses would autoregulate both renal blood flow and glomerular filtration?
A) constriction of the afferent arterioles
B) constriction of the efferent arterioles
C) dilation of the afferent arterioles
D) dilation of the efferent arterioles
A
34) What effect does stimulation of baroreceptors have on sympathetic outflow?
A) increases
B) decreases
C) no effect
B
34) What effect does inhibition of baroreceptors have on sympathetic outflow?
A) increases
B) decreases
C) no effect
A
35) During systole, what is happening to baroreceptor activity?
A) increasing
B) decreasing
C) stays constant
A
36) in the fetus, the ductus arteriosis shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta returning primarily from what vessel? A) inferior vena cava B) superior vena cava C) axygous veins D) umbilical veins
B
37) What is the function of the ductus venosus in the fetus?
A) shunt blood from the pumonary artery into the aorta
B) shunt blood from the right atrium into the left atrium
C) shunt blood from the umbilical vein into the inferior vena cava
D) shunt blood away from the lungs
C
37) when blood is shunted from the umbilical vein into the inferior vena cava, what does it bypass? A) liver B) portal vein C) kidney D) heart
AB
38)In which of the following tissue beds does sympathetic nervous system stimulation cause a metabolically induced local increase in blood flow? A) heart B) active skeletal muscle C) GI tract D) brain
A
39) During exercise, which of the following normally decreases? A) heart rate B) active muscle blood flow C) diastolic blood pressure D) VO2 and TPR
D
39) During exercise, which of the following normally increases? A) heart rate B) active muscle blood flow C) diastolic blood pressure D) VO2 and TPR
AB
40) During exercise most of the increase in cardiac output is due to which of the following? A) increase in heart rate B) increase in stroke volume C) decrease in central venous pressure D) increase in ventilation
A
40) Which of the following improves with training? A) increase in heart rate B) increase in stroke volume C) decrease in central venous pressure D) increase in ventilation
B
Which of the following are advantages of a parallel circuit? A) minimize TPR B) regulate flow C) least resistance D) O2 rich blood to all tissues
ABD
Partial occlusion creates high pressure through the occlusion causing what type of flow down stream?
A) turbulent
B) laminar
C) intermittent
A
Which of the following has the smallest cross sectional area of flow? A)Large arteries B)capillaries C)aorta D)large veins
C
T/F Adenosine is sympathetically metabolically induced?
True
Which of the following is not a vasodilator? A) adenosine B) CO2 C) NO D)CO E) fibrinogen
E
What must happen to the cells for them to pass through capillaries?
Line up
T/F Neural effects last longer as hormonal effects are faster?
False
Neural effects are faster as hormonal effects are longer lasting
SNS releases renin which gives us angiotensinase 1 (10 amino acids long) then travels to the lungs and gives us angiotensinase 2 (8 amino acids long) which stimulates adrenals to produce aldosterone, ADH, and thirst
READ IT AGAIN
Which of the following is not a function of the kidney? A) nitrogenous waste excretion B) PH regulation C) Product EPO to produce Vit D D) Produce adenosine
D
If you increase SNS what happens to baroreceptors?
A) increase
B) decrease
C) no one cares
B
What is the key event that causes TPR to go up and reversal of flow in the fetal heart?
Disconnection of the placenta
Which of the following does not have a strong innervation of the sympathetics?
A) heart
B) lungs
C) brain
BC
Where would you have a colloid coefficient of 1? A) Liver B) Kidney C) Rectum D) Blood Brain Barrier
D
Where would you find a colloid coefficient of 1/2 or 0? A)Blood Brain Barries B) Kidney C)Muscle D) Liver
BD
