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Data Management Foundations D426 > Practice Test 3 > Flashcards

Practice Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Logical Constraints

A

rules of relational databases that ensure data is valid

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2
Q

A syntax error and error occurs when…

A

SQL is syntactically incorrect

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3
Q

INT

A

Whole integer value such as age

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4
Q

MySQL Command line interface

A

Text-based interface included in mySQL server

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5
Q

Data Transaction Language (DTL)

A

Can be used to roll back database changes

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5
Q

Database Control Language (DCL)

A

Used to manage/control database access (Grant, Revoke)

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6
Q

Which Database includes the world database during its installation?

A

MySQL

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6
Q

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

A

Used to manage data within databases (Select, Insert, Update, Delete)

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6
Q

Data Definition Language (DDL)

A

Used to manage and define database structures (Create, Alter, Drop, Truncate)

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6
Q

Data Query Language (DQL)

A

Used to query and retrieve data from a database (Select)

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6
Q

Operation order precedence

A
  1. exponentiation
  2. multplication/div
  3. add/sub
  4. comparison (=,<=,>=,etc)
  5. Between, when, case, then, else
  6. Not
  7. and
  8. OR
  9. SET =
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6
Q

Self Join

A

Table joins itself
Useful for comparing rows within the same table

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6
Q

Compares columns from left table to right table

A

=

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6
Q

Outer Join

A

Left/right outer join will return all the rows from the left/right table and only the matching rows from the other table.

Full outer join will return all rows if matching and Null values for the non matching rows

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7
Q

EquiJoin

A

combines rows that have equivalent values in specified columns

Used to combine rows form two or more tables based on a related column

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8
Q

Cross Join

A

Combines rows from both tables all into one new table

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9
Q

Outer query

A

Main query that can contain one or more subqueries(Nested queries)

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10
Q

Nested Query

A

Sub query that is a query within a query

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11
Q

Correlated Query

A

Sub query that references columns from the outer query

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12
Q

IN

A

allows you to specify multiple values in a WHERE clause

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13
Q

BETWEEN

A

Selects values within a given range

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14
Q

LIKE

A

used in a where clause to search for a specified value

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15
Q

OR

A

Used to combine multiple conditions in a WHERE clause

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16
Q

%

A

Used to represent zero or more characters when searching for a specified pattern using a LIKE operator

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17
Q

TRIM

A

Removes leading and trailing spaces from a string

18
Q

REPLACE

A

Replaces all occurrences of a specified substring within a string with another substring

19
Q

SUBSTRING

A

Extracts a part of a string, starting at a specificized position and for a specified length

20
Q

ORDER BY

A

Sorts the entire result set.
Can be used with any columns in the result set.
Does not change the number of rows in the result set.

21
Q

GROUP BY

A

Groups rows into summary rows.
Must be used with aggregate functions like COUNT, SUM, AVG, etc.
Reduces the number of rows in the result set to one per group.

22
Q

Virtual view

A

Virtual table that provides a result set of query but doesnt store data itself

23
Q

Snapshot View

A

Read only, static view of a database at a specific point in time

24
Q

Denormalized View

A

Includes redundant data to improve read performance. Combines data from multiple tables into a single view to reduce the need for joins

25
Q

Materialized View

A

Stores results of a query physically and periodically refreshes to stay up to date with the underlying data

26
Q

TRUNCATE

A

Removes all rows from a table but doesn’t delete the actual table or remove data from a temp table

27
Q

DELETE

A

Removes specific rows from a table

28
Q

Auto-increment

A

Allows SQL to auto insert a field value

29
Q

CHECK constraint

A

used to specify an expression that must be true for each row

30
Q

RESTRICT

A

Used with foreign key constraints to prevent actions that would violate referential integrity

31
Q

CASCADE

A

Specifies that changes made in the parent table propagate to the child table

32
Q

Junction Table

A

Used to establish a many to many relationship between two tables using foreign keys

33
Q

In a relational database what type of relationship is established using foreign keys?

A

A one to Many

34
Q

What statement may be rejected due to a foreign key constraint?

A

Insert

35
Q

Candidate Keys

A

Unique columns that aren’t technically primary keys

36
Q

Trivial dependency

A

A functional dependency A→B, is considered trivial if B is a subset of A

EX: Table with attributes (StudentID, Name, AGE)
Trivial: (StudentID, Name) → StudentID
Non-Trivial: StudentID → Name

37
Q

Merging tables

A

process of denormalization

38
Q

Normalization

A

eliminates redundancy by decomposing a table into two or more tables in a higher normal form

39
Q

Boyce-Codd normal form

A

optimal normal form for frequent inserts, updates, and deletes of data

40
Q

ER Diagram symbols

A
  1. Rectangle or square - An entity
  2. Double rectangle - Weak entity
  3. Oval/circle - Attribute
  4. Diamond - Relationship between entities
  5. Crow’s foot - many (0 or more)
  6. single line - represents 1 or single (Optional)
  7. Double line - Represents one and only one (Mandatory)
  8. Circle with a line across - Represents zero or 1 (Optional)
41
Q

IsA relationship

A

relationship or association between a supertype entity and its subtype entities

42
Q

Entity

A

Real world object that can be identified and grouped

43
Q

Attribute Maximum

A

represented on the relationship or outside the parenthesis.
Max number of relationships an entity can have with another

44
Q

Attribute Minimum

A

Shown inside the the parenthesis or part of the relationship line
Min amount of instances two entities can have

45
Q

Trend analysis

A

evaluating historical data to identify patterns or tends

46
Q

Unique Identifier Analysis

A

Special Code or number assigned to object, person, thing to ensure each entry in a DB is unique.
Used for identifying primary keys

47
Q

Dense Index

A

Index record for every key value

48
Q

Sparse Index

A

Index record for only some of the key values

49
Q

Multi-Level Index

A

indexing method that uses a hierarchy of indexes to manage large data sets

50
Q

Secondary Index

A

Not the primary index and can contain duplicates

51
Q

Bitmap Index

A

Grid of bits where each indexed row corresponds to a unique row

52
Q

Hash index

A

Uses a hash function and key and buckets

Data Management Foundations D426 (4 decks)

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