Practice Test Flashcards
(200 cards)
1
Q
ABX associated w/ thromboytopenia
A
Vancomycin
2
Q
Highest level of evidence
A
Meta-analysis
3
Q
How long before you can use a new AVF???
A
6-8 weeks
4
Q
Spinal Injury, low BP: vasopressor vs. fluids?
A
Fluids - ↓ ♥ tone d/t spinal injury/sx = ↓ effectiveness of Pressors
5
Q
2 ABX that cause idiopathic intracranial HTN
A
Tetracycline and Doxycycline
6
Q
2 Flu s/s (in contrast to the cold/rhinovirus)
A
resp s/s + fever
(rhinovirus = !fever)
7
Q
Key s/s necrotizing fasciitis
A
reddish-purple patchy blue gray around site
8
Q
2 S/S auscultation pleural effusion
A
dullness in lobe
diminished breath sounds
9
Q
MAP Formula
A
(sbp + 2 * dbp)/3
10
Q
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CCP) WDL and Formula
2 meds for ↑?
A
60 - 80 mmHg
MAP minus ICP
Pressors & -ephrines
11
Q
Mean Arterial Pressure Formula
A
((2* DBP) + SBP)) / 3
12
Q
Intracranial Pressure WDL
A
7 - 15 mmHg
13
Q
HELLP syndrome
qualifier, 4 s/s, only tx
A
> 34 weeks pregnant
-Preeclampsia
-Hemolysis
-Thrombocytopenia
-↑ LFTs
Emergency C-Section
14
Q
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic State values
Glucose, Serum Osmolality, Arterial pH, BiCarbonate
A
Glucose > 1000
Serum osmo > 400
Art. ph > 7.27
Bicarbonate > 15 or norm
15
Q
Bicarbonate (HCO3) WDL
A
22 - 26 mEq/L
16
Q
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic State - Initial, secondary, tertiary TX
A
Isotonic solution (NSS 0.9%)
K repletion
Insulin Bolus
17
Q
Hypo, Iso, Hypertonic IVF Examples
A
Hypo = 0.45% NaCl
Iso = NSS 0.9% NaCl
Hyper = 3% NaCl
18
Q
TX for onset visual disturbance in context of spinal dx
A
Vasopressors to ↑ BP
19
Q
Pastoral Care
Social Work
Psychiatrist
is for…
A
Pastoral = Coping Strats
Social = ↓ resilience, body image, financial difficulties
Psych = ↓ coping
20
Q
Acetyl Salicylic Acid is AKA
A
ASPIRIN dumbass
21
Q
S/P Brain Sx Med choice to TX vasospasm
A
Ca chnl Blocker (ipidines)
22
Q
Compartment syndrome 2 pulse characteristics & TX
A
Firm, faint pulses
TX: position extremity @ level ♥
23
Q
In darker pts, bruising s/s may also be…
A
Stage 1
24
Q
Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICs) 4 S/S and TX
A
Anxiety
Depression
↓ Memory
Weakness
physical therapy
25
Pt not compliant with care?
↑ sense of control, inquire of reasoning
26
Effect on EKG: Hypercalcemia
shortened QT interval
27
Ca+ WDL
4.6 - 5.3 mg/dL
28
K, Ca, and Glucose levels in:
Pancreatitis
Hypokalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hyperglycemia
29
Pharmacotherapy & Counciling
↑ effectiveness together
30
Sodium Nitroprusside FX
& key Adverse FX to monitor for
↓ BP
Monitor A/VBGs for Cyanide Toxicity
31
Old people can't metabolize this as well as they used to
Glucose
32
LDL and HDL WDLs
LDL < 100
HDL > 60
33
WDL for...
Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)
Cardiac Output
800 and 1200 dynes/sec/cm-5
4 - 8 L / min
34
Diabetic Ketoacidosis what IVF after < 250mg/dL Glucose?
D5% NS 0.45% or D5%NSS to give fluids/prevent hypoglycemia
35
FX of Diabetes Insipidus
(▲ in what hormone r/in 4 ▲ to...)
volume
lytes
serum osmo
urine osmo
**↓ Antidiuretic Hormone r/in...**
↓ volume r/in
↑ lytes (concentrated)
↑ serum osmolality (concentrated)
↓ urine osmolality (diluted)
36
Compensated (Early) Hypovolemic Shock on SV/CO and afterload
vs. Non-Compensated
↑ SV/CO
↓ afterload
then...
↓ SV/CO
↑ afterload
37
FX of Post-Renal Failure BUN/Cr and Urine Na+
(& Urine Na WDL)
Post = after kidneys
↑ BUN/Cr
Urine Na = 1 - 40 mEq
Urine Na WDL = 40 - 220 mEq
38
WDLS for...
Urine Output
Urine Na+
BUN / Cr
Creatinine ♂ vs ♀
Urine Specific Gravity
> 30 mL/hr
around 20 mEq/L
6 - 20 mg/dL
0.7 - 1.3 ♂ / 0.5 - 1.1 mg/dL ♀
1.005 - 1.030
39
BUN/Cr Ratio Formula
BUN / Cr
40
Adverse FX of Hypervolume Resuscitation
Metabolic Acidosis d/t HCO3 lost in urination
41
A/VBG WDLs & ↑ ↓ meaning
pH
CO2
HCO3
Acid ← pH 7.35 - 7.45 → **Alk**
**Alk** ← CO2 35 - 45 → Acidosis
Acid ← HCO3 22 - 26 → **Alk**
42
A/VBG Thought Tree
ph WDL? = un v. compensated
acid ← ph 7.40 → **alk**
Match between CO2 (resp) v HCO (meta) matches pH. Poss to be both~!
43
FX of myocardia contusions (trauma), side and ▲ to...
CO
R side
L side
Likely R side
↓ CO
↓ R side preload
↓ L side afterload
44
EtoH Withdrawal Tremors common start/last times
start 24 hrs
last 1-2 weels
45
4 FX EtoH Withdrawal
Hypothermia (if long time)
Hypomagnesmia 2ndary
↑ HR
↑ BP
46
Side/Pressure FX of...
Mitral Stenosis
Pulmonary HTN
Tricuspid regurg
Patent Foramen Ovale
↑ L Atrial Pressure
↑ Pulmonary Pressure (no fx on ♥)
↑ R Atrial preload + pressure
↓ L Atrial preload + pressure
47
Poss s/s Bacterial Endocarditis on Neuro
AMS when bacterial emboli moves to brain r/in ischemic stroke
48
SAFEST way to verify TF placement
Abdominal Radiograph (Abd XR)
49
Bariatric FX on ER meds
not indicated b/c ↓ absorption
esp. s/p sx
50
Bariatrics and Fentanyl
Fent is lipophilic, lasts longer
may consider switching if r/in ↓ resp. drive
51
When Kidneys ↑ erythropoietin and fx
When sense ↓ O2 to ↑ RBC count,
also r/in ↑ Renin which ↓ BP & ↑ Na/H2O reabsorption
52
Purpose of Targeted Temperature Management (s/p CODE) and desired degress C
Neurologic Protection
32 - 36 C if ROSC w/o purposeful commands
53
S/P ♥ transplant.
Pacing vs. Chemical Tx
d/t denervation
↓ efficacy meds
opt of external pacing
54
SIADH meaning and 3 FX to...
Urine Osmo
Serum Osmo
Serum Na
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
↑ urine osmolality
↓ serum osmolality
↓ Na
55
WDL Serum Osmo &
Urine Osmo
275 - 295 mmol/kg
50 - 1200 mmol/kg
56
FX SIADH on
Serum Na
Urine Na
Initial & 2nd TX
Serum Na ↓
Urine Na ↑
Fluid Restriction then Diuretics
57
Tegretol and Desmopressin (DDVAP) with Diabetes
counters diabetic neuropathy
counters urine production
58
Osmolality Definition
Concentration
↑ = more concentration vise versa
59
Key TX of sepsis, metabolic acidosis
Hydration, LR
60
3 S/S Aortic Dissection and what NOT to TX with?
sudden chest/back pain
↑ BP
diastolic murmur to sternal border
DO NOT use thrombolytics
61
3 Key S/S Liver Injury
RUQ Pain
Hypotension
Bleeding
62
FIRST TX for GI Hemorrhage and 2 key FX
Octreotide
outside ↓ acidity, ↓ blood flow to help w/ clotting
63
TX for Sinus Tach if stable / unstable
Stable = 6mg adenosive IVP fast
Unstable = Sync Cardioversion
64
Best way to record fluid volume
Daily Wt
65
Best way to facilitate learning/clinical inquiry to RNs
Identify and direct towards resources
66
Hemodialysis vs. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
CRRT for unstable, urgent, requiring norepinephrine
HD is stable
67
3 FX Cardiac Tamponade
KEY DX
Wide mediastinum (full ♥) on CXR
Narrow Pulse Pressure (full/can't jeject)
Hypotension (poor CO)
ECHO
68
If pt is confused...
SAFETY FIRST
69
Meds to ↓ Preload
Venous Dilator
70
Best way to r/o ♥ issues
Cardiac Markers (blood labs)
71
4 FX of Hypokalemia on EKG
↓ conduction
longer repolarizaiton
Bradycardia
flattened T & U waves
72
2 FX of Hyperkalemia on EKG
Peaked T
widened QRS
73
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Non-Ketotic Syndrome primary FX and initial, 2nd, 3rd TX
LARGE fluid deficit
TX with isotonic solution
then K repletion
then insulin bolus
74
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic FX on...
Glucose
Mental Status
Volume
Na
Other Lytes
↑ Glucose (> 1000)
AMS
↓ volume
↑ Na
↓ Other Lytes
75
Diabetic Ketoacidosis FX on...
Serum Osmolality
Ketones
Breathing
↓ Serum Osmo
↑ Ketones
Shallow
76
Diabetic Ketoacidosis INITIAL TX?
Fluid Resuscitation
77
INITIAL tx to hospital induced delirium
↓ sensory overload
78
Leads Positioning
I, aVR, V1, V4
II, aVL, V2, V5
III, aVF, V3, V6
L Ao S A
I L S L
I I A L
Lateral, Anterior, Inferior, Septal, Lateral
79
Leads for...
Left Coronary
Aorta
R Coronary Artery
Left Anterior Decending
I, aVL, V5-6
aVR
II, III, aVF
V1 - 4
80
FX Pulsus Paradoxus on BP
↓ 10 SBP during inspiration
b/c ↑ pressure on ♥ and pulm
81
2 Potential complications of Pressors
HTN and ischemia but overconstriction vessels
82
COPD Goal PaO2 and SaO2
PaO2 > 60%
SaO2 > 90%
83
If pt has HTN, don't forget to educate about...?!
STROKE
84
Withdrawal
Repression
Regression
Sublimation
def mechanism to separate from others to avoid response
forgetting painful thoughts
back to earlier emotional level development
diverting energy from bad impulse to acceptable
85
If Chest Tube has...
no fluctuations?
bubbling?
no bubbling?
poss kink/occlusion
air in chest
disconnection
86
Stroke goal BP
< 185/110
87
TX Hypoglycemia w/ S/S vs No S/S
D50 and recheck FSBS in 30min, notify MD
Opt for PO
88
SvCO2 WDL
and what it means if ↓
65 - 75%
demand > supply
89
WDL
INR
PT
PTT
0.8 - 1 (2-3 if on wafarin)
3 - 9
25 - 47
90
3 Counters to Warfarin in addition to K
1 Counter to Heparin and ↑ PTT
FFP
Activated ProThrombin
PO Phytonadione if INR > 10 and no risk of bleed
Protamine
91
Chest Blossoming Contusions are common in & r/in
Trauma, r/in ARDS
92
When to hold Mannitol
↑ Serum Osmo
93
Key S/S for...
Kehr's Sign
Brudzinki's Sign
Grey-Turner's
Cullen's Sign
Chovstek
splenic injury r/in pain L shoulder
neck rigidity r/t meningitis
flank bruising
periumbilical bruising/swelling r/t peritoneal bleeding
facial twitching r/t lyte imba
94
What is Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome & 3 s/s
Renal failure r/t Ecoli toxins
Renal failure, Thrombocytopenia, and Hemolytic Anemia
95
Common EKG complicaton of Ibutilide and reccommended action if seen.
Prolonged QT
Discontinuation
96
2 Key goals of TX of Abdominal Aortic Aneurism
↓ Pain and BP
97
Key S/S Autonomic Hyperreflexia and 5 Causes
SUDDEN ↑ BP
Injuries to T6
Bladder obstruction
Constipation
Pressure Ulcers
Pain
98
Quick fix to ↓ BP w/ Ascites
Turn on L side
99
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Expected ▲ to...
Fibrinogen
Fibrin Split Products
Platelets
D-Dimer
↓ Fibrinogen
↑ Split Products
↓ Platelets
↑ D-Dimer
100
WDL...
Fibrinogen
Split Products
Platelets
D-Dimer
200 - 400 mg/dL
< 10 ug/mL
150k - 450k uL
< 500 ng/mL
101
FX Alkalosis . vs Acidosis on Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve
Alk: ↑ affinity between Hgb & O2 r/in LEFT SHIFT
Acid: Hyperthermia and ↑ DPG r/in RIGHT SHIFT
102
In context of ↓ Sats%
Which takes priority???
Volume or O2 Replacement
Volume
103
Diastolic Pulmonary Gradient WDL
and meaning if !WDL
< 7 mmHg
Pulmonary HTN
104
Effect of Long term Lorazepam r/in ↑ of "THIS" r/in Metabolic Acidosis
Propylene Glycol
105
Regurg in Mitral Valve r/in what ▲ chamber and pressure
↑ Diastolic Pressure in chamber **before valve**
in this case L Atria
106
♥ Anatomy and Blood Flow
Vena Cava → R Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
R Ventricle → Pulmonary Valve
Pulmary Artery
Lungs
Pulmonary Vein
L Atrium → Mitral Valve
L Ventricle → Aortic Valve
Aorta → rest of body
107
Ultra Filtration vs. Convention
Movement of water w/ pressure gradient vs.
Ultra filtration + countercurrent pressure gradient
108
Grade Level to Speak to Pts Education
4th Grade
109
Per CDC, 6 Qualifiers for an Indwelling Foley Catheter
Recent Sx
Immobility
Perianal/Sacral Wounds
Retention/Obstruction
Strict I/Os
End of Life Care
110
111
What do Juxtaglomerular Cells in the Kidney Produce?
Renin
112
Adverse FX of anti-rejection (transplant) meds, name and 5 s/s
Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency
Fatigue
Nausea
Abd Pain
↑ HR
↓ BP
113
3 S/S Transplant Rejection
Flu like
Fever, ↓ Urine
114
What is Myxedema Coma and 2 S/S
Can be caused by (2)
Hypothyroidism r/in ↓ BP and ↓ HR
Antidepressants and/or infection
115
Cause for Broken ♥/Takostubo and 2 S/S
Physical/Emotional Stress
Chest pain and SoB
116
GI Bleed
Initial, 2nd, 3rd TX
Volume Replacement
Coagulopathy
Pressors
117
Key trait about replacing RBCs w/ PRBCS
PRBCS do not have platelets, in context bleed may need platelets
118
Key TX for Stable Narrow Complex Tachy
Amio gtt 150mg / 10min
119
% Hematomas are Epidural vs. Arterial or r/t Linear Skull Fractures
25% Epidural
85% Artieral / Linear Skull Fractures
120
INITIAL/FIRST thing to do in URGENT situation
Notify the Provider
121
Per AHA, TX of Brady
Atropine vs. Transcutaneous Pacing
Atropine > Transcutaneous Pacing
122
Key Med TX for Pulmonary HTN
with PE vs. Long term
PE = Heparin
Long term = Warfarin
123
S/P Subarachnoid Hemorrhage repair... if Neuro/visual disturbances occur KEY TX (and example)
Why no Hypotonics?
Vasopressors (Nimopidine) to maintain BP
Spasms can occur with HypoTN
Will ↑ volume and cerebral edema
124
Nimodipine Type of Med and FX on CPP
CaChnl Antagonist
↑ CPP
125
Proper action with pt with poor prognosis, discomfort but fam concerned/continuing care???
What if can't decide, no POA or AD???
Educate on benefits of Palliative
Facilitate fam focuses on pt's wishes vs their own.
126
Director makes mistake and ▲ policy r/in problems??? What do first?
Address affected first, don't try to have a meeting - dumbass lol.
127
FX of prepping for Bone Marrow Transplant
Admin of Cytotoxic Drugs r/in ↓ WBC
128
Did the pt OD?
POISON CONTROL
129
Cause of Autonomic Dysreflexia
5 S/S
Key TX
Lesions above C-5
BP ↑ 20 - 30 mmHg,
Tachy OR bradycardia
Flushing HA
Constipation
Diurese
130
Acute Hepato Renal Syndrome 2 Identifiers
Liver HX
and Creat > 2.5 mg/dL
131
Best intervention against Pressure Injury
Movement
132
Best Mentoring Practice
Coach w/ materials
133
Pancreatitis FX on...
K
Ca
Glucose
O2%
↓ K
↓ Ca
↑ Glucose
↓ O2%
134
WDL Lytes...
Na
K
Ca
Cl
Mg
Phos
135 - 145
3.5 - 4.5
2 - 2.5
95 - 105
1.6 - 2.6
2.5 - 4.5
135
Key identifer on Vent (Pressure support) of Ventilator Dysynchrony
Spontaneous Tidal Volume
136
Key DX for GI bleed + Liver issues?
Upper EGD to look for varices/hemorrhage
137
FX of...
↓ ventricular contractility vs. stiff ventricles
↓ systolic vs ↓ diastolic function
138
Black person with DTI looking wound? It's probably/actually a...
Stage I
139
Alveolar-Arterial Gradient
Diff in O2 pressure in Alveoli vs. Artery
140
WDL for...
PaO2 / FiO2 Ratio
PaOP
400 - 500 mmHg
6 - 12 mmHg
141
If no defined protocol for project...
Consult a specialist
142
Black ppl ↑ r/o
CAD
143
LDL & HDL WDL
< 100 mg/dL
> 60 mg/dL
144
Ischemic Stroke GOLD Standard TX
IV Nicardipine
145
Sad RN about work?
DO NOT encourage inservice, variance reports... any work!
Validate feelings and Debrief only
146
Best way to implement policy change
Involve more people
147
Pt can't pay for all meds?
Prescribeo only essentials
148
Aspiration Priority?
O2 vs. Suctioning
O2 > Suctioning
149
2 Key S/S Early-Onset Dementia
Disruption of sleep-wale cycle
Wandering/agitation @ PM
150
Pt position to fix Pacer not capturing?
Lateral Decubitus Position
ON THEIR SIDE...
151
FX on ↓ Glucose on...
BP, HR, RR
all 3 ↑ initially
152
If EKG shows ST - T ▲s in context of infection... it's likely "THIS" and what DX to anticipate?
Myocarditis
Endocardial Bx
153
EKG: How to Check for extension of MI?
Look at most distal lead
154
Pt c/o pain and on tons of meds?
Just ask for the dose from MD, max coddle.
155
# S
Staff has ethical issues with assignment?
▲ assignment, max coddle.
156
FX of Hypercalcemia on EKG
Shortened QT
157
Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy
2 Key S/S
2 Key TX
1 Contraindication
↑ anxiety and S3-S4 sounds
High Fowlers + ACE Inhibs
NO CPAP, will ↑ anxiety
158
WDL...
Central Venous Pressure
vs. on Impella Mechanical Circulatory Support
2 - 6 mmHg
12 - 14 mmHg
159
Goal Impella Mechanical Circulatory Support
CVP, CI, MAP
what to do if ↓
12 - 14 mmHg
2L/min/m2
70 - 80
if ↓ address volume status
160
INITAL TX with hypovolemia with KEY EXCEPTION and alt. 3 TX
NSS
Unless hemorrhage, then TX with FIRST SX REPAIR, then consider pressors and/or Coagulants
161
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia 2 Key S/S and KEY DX to verify
Sudden severe abd pain
Tender, soft, non-distended abd
Verify with STAT CT
162
Glasgow Coma Scale Scores (3-15)
13 - 15
9 - 12
< 8
mild
moderate
severe TBI
if < 8 you dead boi notify organ procurement lol
163
Thyroid Storm vs. Graves Disease
TSH WDL
Storm = undetectable TSH
Graves = ↑↑↑ TSH
0.4 - 4.0 mIU/L
164
Thyroid Storm 3 S/S
AMS, Fever, GI s/s
165
Grave's Disease 3 S/S
↑ anxiety, ↑ appetite, weight loss
166
Seizure with Lyte Imba?
First, 2nd TX
1 Contraindication
TX imba first then anti-epileptics
DON'T Diurese
167
S/S Asthma, infection, & Accessory Muscle Usage. What do?!
EMERGENCY:
PREPARE FOR INTUBATION~!
168
How to stimulate Clinical Inquiry in RN?
Promote work/research, don't just answer it for em'
EVEN IF A SHIT TON OF WORK MAKE EM DO IT
169
Vent Setting WDLs
Rate
Tidal Vol
PEEP
12 - 16 / min
around 500 mL
5 - 15 cmH2O
170
5 EASIEST evidence-based non-cert needing therapies an RN can use
2 which need certs?
Guided Imagery
Aromatherapy (but no in ICU)
Massage
Music Therapy
Distraction
Acupuncture and Therapeutic Touch
171
If super low temp, pref?
Passive Rewarming vs. Warmed IVF
Passive Warming > Warmed IVF
172
3 Lab ▲s Microcytic/Hypochromic Anemia
Specify Type of Anemia
Key S/S
↓ RBC, MCV, MCH
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Pica (wanting to eat ice chips)
173
WDLs for...
RBC
MCV
MCH
4.7 - 6 mil/microL
80 - 100 fL
27 - 33 pg
174
Plasma-Lyte is...?
... and for?
IV Nutrition
for lyte + protein replacement
175
↑ ICP (d/t metabolic or trauma) FX on...
Pupils
Mental status
SVR
Pulse Pressure
Name for it all combined???
Pinpoint
↓ LoC
↑ SVR
Widened
Cushing's Triad
176
Seizure differences...
Tonic-Clonic
Myoclonic
Focal
Status Epilepticus
2 Phases - Rigidity (Tonic) then Rhythmic Jerking (Clonic)
Sudden, brief to face & extremities
Sensory & awareness ▲
Just Clonic
177
Controlled vs. Uncontrolled AFIB
HR
controlled < 100 < uncontrolled
178
1st Degree ♥ Block
R far from P, 1st degree
179
2nd degree Type I (Wenkebach)
Longer, longer, longer drop (P to R) - Wenkebach~!
180
2nd degree Type II (Mobitz)
some P's don't get through (Mobitz II)
181
3rd degree ♥ block
P's & Q's don't agree
182
What ist most dangerous + ischemic stroke
Fever
183
Anion Gap is determined with these 4 Labs
Na, K, Cl, HCO3
184
Sepsis FX on R Atrial Preload
↓ b/c global vasodilation
185
3 key s/s anxiety
nausea
diarrhea
SoB
185
ACE inhibiters SFX r/in ↑ what Lyte?
Hyperkalemia
186
Abd Sx ↑ r/o
Atelectasis which ↑ temp
187
Pref mode Nutrition for Pancreatitis pt
Jejunal to ↓ pancreatic stimulation
188
Pancreas function of
A, B, D, cells
A = glucagon
B = insulin
D = somatostatin
189
Meaning of split S1, S3, S4 ♥ sounds
split S1 = BBB or PVC
S3 = fluid overload
S4 = ventricular hypertrophy, atria pushes hard to overcome and vibrations make S4
190
tPA for Stroke is contraindicated for...?
Bleeding complications/Sx w/in 3 months
190
Hypercapnia means...
↑↑ CO2 in the blood
191
Neprogenic Diabetes Insipidus means...
Kdineys are NOT responding to ADH (Vasopressin)
192
FX Cardiogenic shock means and FX on...
preload
Vasculature
3 Common s/s
↓ ability to pump blood
↑ pre
↑ SVR
cool, pale, moist skin
193
Gold standard for TX MI
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
194
Sounds of...
Aortic Stenosis
Aortic Regur
Mitral Strenosis
Mitral Regurg
systolic S2, rales
high pitched diastolic murmur
apical diastolic murmur
holosystolic split S2 murmmur
195
What initiates Renin Cascade?
↓ renal perfusion pressure
196
HIT ↑ chances of which kind of stroke?
Ischemic
197
Cerebral injury and affected side
SAME SIDE
198
