Practice test Flashcards
- Which of the following converts trypsinogen to trypsin?
a. Elastase
b. Chymotrypsin
c. Enteropeptidase
d. Pancreatic lipase
C
- Which of the following nerves do not innervate the extraocular muscles?
a. Oculomotor-
b. Optic
c. Trochlear
d. Abducens
B
- The MHC II on conventional dendritic cells allows for?
a. Recognition of PAMPs
b. Cell to cell communication
c. Antigen presentation
d. Identifying blood type
C
- A patient PTC for foul-smelling diarrhea that she developed 6 days after her antibiotic treatment for S.aureus. Which of the following microorganisms is the cause of her new symptom?
a. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
b. Clostridium botulinum
c. Enterotoxigenic E.coli
d. Clostridium difficile
D
- Which of the following is responsible for the committing step in glycolysis?
a. Phosphofructokinase-1
b. Hexokinase
c. Pyruvate kinase
d. Phosphoglycerate kinase
A
- Which of the following controls body temperature set point in the brain?
a. Hippocampus
b. Hypothalamus
c. Thalamus
d. Medulla oblongata
B
- Which of the following lies at the level of the diencephalon?
a. Lateral ventricles
b. Third ventricle
c. Cerebral aqueduct
d. Fourth ventricle
B
- Which of the following recognizes PAMPS?
a. MCHI- virus
b. MCHII- bacteria
c. TAGs
d. Toll-like receptors
D
- Which of the following presents with painful genital sores?
a. Haemophilus ducreyi
b. Treponema pallidum
c. Chlamydia trachomatis
d. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
A
- All are components of the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) hormone signal transduction unit EXCEPT:
a. protein kinase A.
b. adenylyl cyclase.
c. hormone receptor.
d. G-protein.
e. all of the above.
e
- The Rb protein is in which phase of the cell cycle?
a. Mitosis
b. cytokinesis
c. Cell growth
d. DNA synthesis
c
- Which of the following converts fibrinogen into fibrin?
a. Prothrombin
b. Thrombin
c. Tissue factor
d. Factor IX
b
- Which of the following is the epithelium in the urinary bladder?
a. Transitional epithelium
b. Stratified squamous
c. Simple columnar
d. Simple cuboidal
a
- Goodpastures is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
b
- Which of the following organisms is coagulase positive?
a. Staphylococcus epidermidis
b. Staphylococcus saprophyticus
c. Staphylococcus haemolyticus
d. Staphylococcus aureus
d
- Steroid hormones, such as glucocorticoids, affect their action by:
a. binding to a plasma membrane receptor and then entering the cell.
b. binding the plasma membrane receptor, which stimulates the receptor to enter the cell.
c. entering into the cell and affecting the production of secondary messengers.
d. entering into the cell and then acting as transcription regulators.
e. none of the above
d
- Amino acids are transported across the apical membrane by which of the following?
a. Facilitated diffusion
b. Active transport
c. Passive diffusion
d. Osmosis
a
- Langerhan cells are found in which of the following layers of the epidermis?
a. Stratum corneum
b. Stratum lucidum
c. Stratum granulosum
d. Stratum spinosum
d
- Which of the following initiates the alternative complement cascade?
a. MBL
b. C3b
c. CRP
d. C1 complex
b
- Pelvic inflammatory disease is associated with which of the following?
a. N. gonorrhoeae
b. Chlamydia trachomatis
c. Clostridium difficile
d. Haemophilus ducreyi
b
- Which of the following does NOT correctly pair a hormone with its function?
a. ACTH - promotes production of thyroxin
b. calcitonin - regulates plasma Ca2+
c. FSH - stimulates processes within the gonads
d. insulin - regulates metabolism and blood glucose
e. prolactin - stimulates milk production
a
- In chronic obstructive lung disease, what does the Va/Q ratio look like?
a. Increased
b. Decreased
c. unchanged
b
- Which of the following vitamins prevents peroxidation of polyunsaturated membrane fatty acids?
a. A
b. D
c. E
d. K
c
- Which of the following microorganisms presents with a rash that starts on the trunk and spreads to the hands and feet?
a. Treponema pallidum
b. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
c. Haemophilus influenzae
d. Chlamydia trichomoniasis
a
Which of the following congenital disorders results from a defect in the metabolism of branched chain amino acids?
a. PKU
b. MSUD
c. Homocystinuria
d. None of the above
b
maple syrup urine disease
- Which of the following occurs at the end of isovolumetric contraction?
a. Mitral valve opens
b. Mitral valve closes
c. Aortic valve closes
d. Aortic valve opens
d
- The amount of cAMP generated in the cytoplasm is dependent on the:
a. activity of adenylyl cyclase only.
b. activity of the phosphodiesterase only.
c. the length of time the GTP remains bound to the Ga-protein only.
d. all of the above.
d
- What is the product of urea cycle?
a. Ammonia
b. Citrulline
c. arginine
d. ornithine
a
- What inhibits lactogenesis during pregnancy?
a. Estrogen
b. Testosterone
c. DHEA
d. Progesterone
d
- In the forearm, the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve arises from the:
a. Median nerve
b. Ulnar nerve
c. Musculocutaneous nerve
d. Radial nerve
c
- Increasing sertoli cell numbers leads to:
a. Increase in spermatozoa
b. Increase in testosterone
c. Decrease in testosterone
d. Decrease in spermatozoa
a
- Cells infected by viruses can also signal the presence of intracellular infection by expressing on their surfaces viral proteins that can be recognized by antibodies. Cells bound by such antibodies can then be killed by a specialized lymphoid cell called a:
a. Mast cell
b. Natural killer cell
c. Eosinophil
d. Macrophage
b
- Which of the following are non-motile enteric gram-negative bacteria with a very distinct polysaccharide capsule? This capsule is thought to interfere with immunologic reactivity of the organism. These bacteria are commonly associated with lobular pneumonia and can be highly resistant to antimicrobial agents
a. E. coli
b. Klebsiella pneumoniae
c. N. meningitidis
d. Shigella sonnei
b
- The rate-limiting step in the synthesis of bile acids is catalyzed by
a. 7α-Hydroxylase
b. HMG CoA reductase
c. 25-hydroxycholecalciferol 1-hydroxylase
d. 12α-Hydroxylase
a
- The taste sensation is supplied to the tongue with which of the following nerves?
a. The lingual nerve supplies the anterior ⅔ and the glossopharyngeal the posterior ⅓
b. The chorda tympani supplies the anterior ⅔ and the glossopharyngeal the posterior ⅓
c. The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies the anterior ⅔ and the hypoglossal the posterior ⅓
d. The lingual nerve supplies the anterior ⅔ and the glossopharyngeal the posterior ⅓
e. The chorda tympani supplies the anterior ⅔ and the hypoglossal nerve the posterior ⅓
b
- Increase in plasma K+ concentrations stimulates aldosterone synthesis by:
a. Stimulating ACTH secretion from the pituitary gland
b. Reducing atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) level
c. Activating adenylyl cyclase of the zona glomerulosa
d. Stimulating Ca2+ influx into the zona glomerulosa cells
d
- Which of the following etiological agents corresponds with acute epiglottitis?
a. Bordetella pertussis
b. Haemophilus ducreyi
c. Haemophilus influenzae
d. Legionella pneumophila
c
- The function of acyl carrier protein in the fatty acid synthase complex is to
a. Activate acetyl CoA carboxylase
b. Serve as a precursor to coenzyme A
c. Transfer acyl groups to malonyl CoA
d. Carry acyl groups
d
- Which of the following events occurs last during embryogenesis?
a. Appearance of the amniotic cavity
b. Breakup of the primary yolk sac
c. Formation of the chorionic cavity
d. Opening of the trophoblastic lacunae
b
- A deficiency in which of the following vitamins can lead to night blindness?
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin E
c. Vitamin K
d. Vitamin D
a
- Growth hormone stimulates which of the following?
a. Somatostatin
b. Calcitonin
c. IGF-1
d. Cortisol
c
- Which of the following makes the medial wall of the bony orbit?
a. Lesser wing of the sphenoid
b. Zygomatic
c. Frontal
d. Lacrimal
d
- Which of the following is primarily involved in a viral infection?
a. TGF-beta
b. TNF-alpha
c. IL-22
d. IL-6
b
- Delta cells in the pancreas secrete which of the following hormones?
a. Insulin
b. Glucagon
c. Somatostatin
d. Ghrelin
c
- Which statement regarding the blastocyst is correct?
a. It attaches to the endometrial epithelium
b. Its disappearance results from enlargement of the blastocyst and degeneration caused by enzymatic lysis
c. It begins to differentiate into two layers, syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
d. It erodes endometrial tissues (capillaries, glands, stroma)
a
- A 22-year-old man recovering from third-degree burns develops a wound infection. There is a distinct grape-smelling odor and a blue pigment develops when grown in vitro on nutrient agar. What is the most likely etiology?
a. Pseudomonas
b. Staph. Aureus
c. Streptococcus pyogenes
d. Clostridium perfringens
a
- Which of the following innervates semispinalis?
a. Accessory nerve
b. Greater occipital nerve
c. Axillary nerve
d. Dorsal scapular nerve
b
- In which part of the stomach does gastric mixing occur?
a. Pylorus
b. Fundus
c. Antrum
d. Body
c
The second rib or its costal cartilages articulate with all of the following EXCEPT?
a. Body of the sternum
b. Manubrium
c. 2nd vertebral body
d. 3rd vertebral body
d
- Which of the following factors causes arteriolar constriction?
a. Adenosine
b. Neuropeptide Y
c. K+
d. VIP
b
- A parasitic infection will induce the activation of which of the following?
a. IL-4
b. IL-10
c. IL-6
d. IL-12
a
- Which of the following is an example of a symphysis joint?
a. Radio-ulnar joint
b. Metacarpal-phalangeal joint
c. Intervertebral disc
d. Distal tibiofibular
c
- Alkaptonuria is a rare genetic metabolic disorder characterized by the accumulation of which of the following in the body?
a. Succinyl Acetoacetic acid
b. Homogentisic acid
c. Phenylalanine hydroxylase
d. Tyrosine aminotransferase
b
- Which of the following responses occurs after moving from the supine to the standing position?
a. Increased firing of sympathetic nerves going to veins
b. Increased firing of parasympathetic nerves going to the heart
c. Decreased firing of parasympathetic nerves to blood vessels in skeletal muscle
d. Arteriolar vasodilation in skin and muscle
A
- Which of the following valves limits blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle?
a. Mitral valve
b. Tricuspid valve
c. Tricuspid valve
d. Aortic valve
c
A medical student forgot to eat breakfast and lunch while studying for their exam, the will brain use which of the following as a first response source of fuel?
a. Glucose
b. Ketones
c. Fatty acids
d. glycogen
d
- During the cardiac resting cycle, the largest volume of blood passing through the mitral valve occurs during which of the following?
a. Isovolumetric contraction
b. Rapid ejection
c. Isovolumetric relaxation
d. Systole
c
- A deep abscess may be caused by which of the following gram positive bacteria?
a. Listeria monocytogenes
b. Clostridium difficile
c. Bacillus cereus
d. Staphylococcus aureus
d
Microcytic anemia can be caused by a deficiency in which of the following?
a. Niacin
b. pyridoxine
c. Folate
d. Cobalamin
b
Vision depends on light-induced regulation of which of the following channels?
a. Voltage gated sodium channels
b. Nicotinic cholinergic ligand gated channels
c. Acetylcholine gated channels
d. ATP sensitive potassium pump
a
- Which of the following is the embryological derivation of the palatine tonsil?
a. 1st pharyngeal pouch
b. 2nd pharyngeal pouch
c. 3rd pharyngeal pouch
d. 4th pharyngeal pouch
b
- Which of the following vitamins is responsible for the activation of precursors of prothrombin and other clotting factors by hydroxylation and decarboxylation of glutamate residues?
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin E
c. Vitamin K
d. Vitamin D
c
- Which of the following is expected during exercise?
a. Increased blood flow to the intestines
b. Increased cardiac output
c. Decreased blood pressure
d. Decreased ejection fraction
b
- Which of the following is responsible for the destruction of cellular proteins during apoptosis?
a. Caspases
b. Methionine
c. Phospholipases
d. Glutathione peroxidase
a
- Which of the following microorganisms can cause blindness?
a. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
b. Chlamydia trachomatis
c. Rickettsia rickettsii
d. Borrelia burgdorferi
b
- Which of the following is an example of supportive connective tissue?
a. Ligaments
b. Platelets
c. Adipose
d. Cartilage
d
A baroreceptor reflex response to low arterial pressure will result in:
a. Increased sympathetic tone
b. Decreased sympathetic tone
c. Increased vagal nerve activity
d. Miosis
a
- During which stage of an infection of Treponema pallidum will it present with a rash on the trunk spreading to the hands and feet?
a. Primary stage
b. Secondary stage
c. Latent stage
d. Tertiary stage
b
- Absorbed lipids are condensed with glycerol in the epithelial cells into __ and re-packaged into ___ that are initially transported by the ___ system.
a. Phospholipases; VLDL; lymphatic
b. Triacylglycerols ; VLSL; portal
c. Triacylglycerols ; chylomicrons ; portal
d. Triacylglycerols ; chylomicrons ; lymphatic
d
- Which spinal nerve exits at the L4-L5 intervertebral foramen?
a. L3
b. L4
c. L5
d. S1
b
- Cholinergic postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division mediate which of the following?
a. Positive chronotropy
b. Positive inotropy
c. Cutaneous vasodilation
d. Pupillary miosis
c
- Which of the following lies within the investing fascia?
a. Trachea
b. Internal jugular vein
c. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
d. Trapezius
d