Practice Test 1

Question 1

T/f: In type 2 diabetes the adipocytes of a person may become unable to recognize insulin as a signal for glucose uptake from the blood.

Answer 1

Ture

Question 2

T/f: Optimal glucose absorption by brain cells requires the presence of insulin

Answer 2

False

Question 3

What hormone is made by the pineal glad that promotes the sleep phase of our circadian rhythm

Answer 3

Melatonin

Question 4

T/f: as a second messenger, inositol triphosphate (IP3) causes the opening of calcium channels and results with the contraction of specific smooth muscle cells

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Which type of hormone affects only the cells adjacent to the one that created it?

Answer 5

Paracrine

Question 6

If oxytocin and prostaglandin both promote contraction of the uterus at birth. The activities of the two would be ___________ relative to each other

Answer 6

Synergistic

Question 7

calcium rich kidney stones might be expected to occur in the ______ was hyperactive and caused high blood levels of calcium (hypercalcemia)

Answer 7

Parathyroid glands

Question 8

T/f: if you produce a large amount of cortisol, you would probably observe an increase in you blood glucose and a reduction in the amount of glycogen in your liver

Answer 8

True

Question 9

If you had kidney failure and were in need of a transplant and dialysis, which hormone could help make up for chronic anemia?

Answer 9

erythropoietin

Question 10

T/f: Hyperthyroid activity (excess T3) could easily explain why a person had an anorexic-like appearance and was always warm to the touch.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Which hormone promotes growth and other energy demanding reactions in body?

Answer 11

Thyroxine, Insulin, growth hormone

Question 12

What specific adrenergic receptor causes the heart to beat more forcefully during stressful situations like this test?

Answer 12

Beta 1

Question 13

When a hormone like epinephrine binds its alpha-1 receptor, a _________ is released inside the target cell that stimulates phospholipase-C to produce inositol triphosphate (IP3).

Answer 13

G-protein

Question 14

Which hormone relies on an enzyme called tyrosine kinase to regulate the movement of glucose into an adipocyte?

Answer 14

Insulin

Question 15

Which hormone is produced in an inactive state (pro-hormone) and clipped inside a Beta-cell making it active prior to release into the blood?

Answer 15

Insulin

Question 16

What may occur because a diabetic cannot produce insulin

Answer 16

Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia

Question 17

Which hormone rapidly decreases plasma calcium, especially in infants?

Answer 17

Calcitonin

Question 18

Thyroxin is stored in the follicles of the thyroid gland in a fluid called _________.

Answer 18

Colloid

Question 19

T/f: The adrenal medulla produces sex-steroids, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, and the adrenal cortex produces catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

T/f: Stress stimulates the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) which increases the amount of cortisol you produce.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Which of the following hormones has the least in common with the others?
a) Glucagon
b) Aldosterone
c) Erythropoietin
d) Vasopressin (ADH)

Answer 21

Glucagon

Question 22

What hormone allows the heart to lower blood pressure?

Answer 22

Atrial naturetic factor

Question 23

_________ is a pancreatic hormone that utilizes cyclic AMP as a second messenger to signal hunger in the liver cells.

Answer 23

Glucagon

Question 24

T/f: Fat soluble hormones (i.e. testosterone) pass through the plasma membrane easily, while water soluble hormones (i.e. epinephrine) cannot.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Which type of diabetes is almost always associated with an absence of beta cells in pancreatic islets?

Answer 25

Type 1

Question 26

A water soluble hormone called ______ is produced by the adrenal ________ and can also be used as a neurotransmitter to help you manage stress.

Answer 26

Epinephrine, medulla

Question 27

The first step in hemostasis is what?

Answer 27

Vasospasm

Question 28

Testosterone and progesterone have _______ as the base of their chemical structure.

Answer 28

Cholesterol

Question 29

The breakdown of a clot is referred to as______________

Answer 29

Thrombolysis

Question 30

Which of the following allows your body to store iron (Fe++) in your liver?

Answer 30

Apoferritin

Question 31

________ is a particle in the blood that carries triglycerides from Dr. Wilson’s intestine to his body after eating a nasty pile of fried potatoes and sausage for breakfast.

Answer 31

Chylomicron

Question 32

During starvation, children often times are unable to produce enough ________ and Kwashiorkor (ascites) develops when fluids accumulate in their abdomen giving them a “pot-bellied” appearance

Answer 32

Albumen

Question 33

A low levels of oxygen in a tissue is called what?

Answer 33

Hypoxia

Question 34

What could increase your blood volume or hematocrit?

Answer 34

Injection of erythropoietin, Receive a blood transfusion

Question 35

T/f:The typical female hematocrit is about 47% and a typical male hematocrit is about 42%.

Answer 35

False, Female 42%, Male 47%

Question 36

T/f: EDTA and sodium citrate are chemicals that prevent blood clotting in collected blood samples by removing the calcium

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What could increase the packed cell volume (hematocrit) of a person’s blood?

Answer 37

Massive dehydration, severe hyperglycemia, excess erythropoietin, removal of excess plasma

Question 38

If a small blood sample in a capillary tube was centrifuged, you would want to examine the ______ to look to see if the person had too may white blood cells.

Answer 38

Buffy coat

Question 39

Which of the following formed elements HAS a nucleus? a) Platelet b) Red blood cell c) White blood cell d) A and B

Answer 39

White blood cells

Question 40

If a person weighed 220 pounds (100 kilograms) they would probably have about _________ liters of blood if they experienced massive exsanguination and LOST TWO LITERs of blood prior to the completion of hemostasis.

Answer 40

6 liters

Question 41

______ and ________ in the spleen and liver help break up old red blood cells after about 120 days.

Answer 41

Macrophages, Narrow sinusoids

Question 42

Which type of anemia could occur if you rapidly lost two liters of blood?

Answer 42

Hemorrhagic

Question 43

The ________ clotting cascade is initiated (started) when platelets come in contact with collagen in the wall of the blood vessel

Answer 43

Intrinsic

Question 44

What plasma protein becomes “sticky” after thrombin acts upon it near the end of the clotting cascade?

Answer 44

Fibrinogen

Question 45

Serum has had what material removed?

Answer 45

Fibrinogen

Question 46

Which of these is a granulocyte associated with protection from parasites? a) Monocyte b) Lymphocyte c) Eosinophil d) Red blood cell

Answer 46

Eosinophil

Question 47

Name a type of hormone that consists of a fatty acid

Answer 47

Prostaglandins like thromboxane

Question 48

Tyrosine kinase adds what functional group to the hydroxyl on the amino acid tyrosine?

Answer 48

Phosphate

Question 49

what is one hormone produced by the hypothalamus?

Answer 49

Oxytocin; involved in social bonding and childbirth

Question 50

What is one hormone produced by the posterior pituitary?

Answer 50

Oxytocin; posterior pituitary stores two hormones, both synthesized in the hypothalamus

Question 51

What is one hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?

Answer 51

Prolactin; protein hormone, similar to growth hormone