Practice Quiz Questions Flashcards
Recall that Solomon Asch asked research participants to estimate the lengths of lines. In response to the incorrect answers of others, some participants actually denied what their eyes saw. These studies provide evidence of __________.
Normative social influence
During a drought, Lynnette noticed that all of her neighbors had stopped watering their lawns even though there were no laws against it. Lynnette was following a(n) __________ norm when she let her lawn turn brown, too.
Descriptive
It is likely that participants in Stanley Milgram’s obedience experiments were willing to administer increasingly severe shocks to a confederate learner because when confronted with a confusing, unfamiliar, and upsetting situation, they would turn to the experimenter for cues as to how to proceed. This speculation in essence identifies __________ as a source of participants’ destructive obedience.
Informational social influence
Recall that Robert Zajonc and his colleagues studied social facilitation among cockroaches. In the presence of other cockroaches, roaches would run faster down a straightaway to escape a bright light than they would alone, but they took longer in the presence of a cockroach audience when the escape route was more complicated (i.e., when they had to run a maze). These findings support the idea that __________.
The presence of other members of a species elicits the most dominant response
Adele has never driven a car with a manual transmission before; that is, she’s never had to decide when to shift gears, push in the clutch, or stop suddenly when the car is in gear. She’s just bought a car with a manual transmission and wants to practice driving it before she takes it onto the highway. What should she do?
Drive the car alone until she gets the hang of it
Armando is listening carefully to a persuasive communication and thinking about the arguments. He is using the __________ route to persuasion.
Central
Solomon Asch embarked on a series of studies in which participants were asked to estimate the lengths of lines that clearly differed in length. Asch originally undertook these experiments to __________.
show that in unambiguous situations, people will behave in reasonable, rational ways but clearly he was wrong!
__________ norms address people’s perceptions of what other people approve of, whereas __________ norms address people’s perceptions of what other people actually do.
Injunctive; descriptive
Stanley Milgram found that about __________ percent of his participants went all the way to 450 volts in his original experiment investigating obedience to authority.
About 65
When a crowd of people clap or cheer, it is difficult to tell just how loud each individual is applauding or cheering. If people tend to clap louder when they are alone than when they are in a crowd, they are probably engaging in __________.
Social loafing
There are three perspectives that can explain the role of arousal in social facilitation. Which summary best represents these three explanations?
others make us alert; apprehension about being evaluated; and others are distracting
Public safety officials want to increase the use of seat belts among drivers, and have decided to show a television ad documenting the rising use of seat belts among drivers. This represents the use of __________ norms to change safety behaviors.
Descriptive norms
A social influence strategy in which first asking people for a large request will make them more likely to agree to a second, smaller request is called __________.
the door-in-the-face technique
________ works because of _______.
Foot-in-the-door; cognitive dissonance
Michaels and colleagues (1982) examined the effects of an audience on people’s pool playing ability. What did they find?
They found that good players scored more shots with an audience and bad players scored less shots with an audience.
