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BIO 203 exam one > practice quiz > Flashcards

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1
Q

The technique that scientists used to determine that hemoglobin was a single large macromolecule rather than a loose conglomeration of small organic molecules was
electron microscopy.
ultracentrifugation.
DNA sequencing.
hydrolysis.

A

ultracentrifugation

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2
Q

In a polypeptide chain, what determines the shape of a protein

amino terminus
peptide bonds
carboxyl terminus
side chains

A

side chains

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3
Q

____ is an example of a structural protein
Transducin
Sodium ATPase
Collagen
Aquaporin

A

collagen

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4
Q

What types of bonds and/or forces help proteins fold? Choose all that apply.
electrostatic attractions
van der Waals attractions
hydrogen bonds
covalent bonds

A

electrostatic attractions
van der Waals attractions
hydrogen bonds

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5
Q

A prion disease is a contagious nervous system disease caused by
viral RNA
misfolded proteins
E coli bacteria
Cytomegalo viruses (CMV)

A

misfolded proteins

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6
Q

What generally stabilizes extracellular proteins?
electrostatic attractions
hydrogen bonds
covalent bonds
van der Waal’s attractions

A

covalent bonds

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7
Q

what is the function of an antibody?
to transport water into a cell
to bind antigens of foreign entities in many animals
to bind foreign DNA
to bind foreign RNA

A

to bind antigens of foreign entities in many animals

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8
Q

what experimental information can you get from an SDS-page gel? (select all that apply)
protein size
DNA size
estimated protein concentration
estimated RNA concentration

A

protein size
estimated protein concentration

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9
Q

Which of the following are known protein domains? (select all that apply)
nuclease
activator
homeodomains
repressor

A

all of the above

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10
Q

Which of the following are domains of an antibody? (select all that apply)
nuclease domain
variable heavy chain
homeodomain
variable light chain

A

variable heavy chain
variable light chain

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11
Q

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have arisen from bacterial ancestors because they still possess which of the following features?
a nucleus
DNA and ribosomes
lysosomes
endoplasmic reticulum

A

DNA and ribosomes

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12
Q

Which of the following are benefits of using C. elegans (worms)? (select all that apply)
cheap
can be stored in a freezer
very fast
immune system can be humanized

A

cheap
can be stored in a freezer
very fast

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13
Q

Which of the following are found in plant and not animal cells? (select all that apply)
endosomes
vacuoles
peroxisomes
chloroplasts

A

vacuoles
chloroplasts

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14
Q

what is used to transport molecules around the cell? (select all that apply)
microtubules
vesicles
intermediate filaments
actin filaments

A

microtubules
vesicles
actin filaments

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15
Q

Which organelles are involved in intracellular sorting? (select all that apply)
golgi
endosome
lysosome
mitochondria

A

golgi
endosome

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16
Q

In the absence of light where do some bacteria get their energy from?
oxidizing H2C
oxidizing H2S
oxidizing H2O
oxidizing H2N

A

oxidizing H2S

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17
Q

Where did mitochondria come from in evolution?
an ancestral eukaryote
an ancestral fungi
an ancestral prokaryote
an ancestral archae

A

an ancestral prokaryote

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18
Q

What forms the rigid structures at the core of most proteins?
heavy chains
nuclease domains
alpha helices
beta sheets

A

beta sheets

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19
Q

A multi-pass transmembrane region of a protein… (select all that apply)
is made up of multiple alpha helical domains
is made up of multiple beta sheets
pass through the membrane because of their exposed hydrophobic side chains
is only found in the nuclear envelope

A

is made up of multiple alpha helical domains
pass through the membrane because of their exposed hydrophobic side chains

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20
Q

How do alpha helix structures form in proteins?
The H-N-H2 of every peptide bond is hydrogen bonded to the O=H of a neighbouring peptide 6 amino acids away
The N-N of every peptide bond is hydrogen bonded to the O=O of a neighbouring peptide 4 amino acids away
The C=O of every peptide bond is hydrogen bonded to the O-H of a neighbouring peptide 6 amino acids away
The N-H of every peptide bond is hydrogen bonded to the C=O of a neighbouring peptide 4 amino acids away

A

The N-H of every peptide bond is hydrogen bonded to the C=O of a neighboring peptide 4 amino acids away

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21
Q

What is phosphorylation of a protein generally associated with?
its activity
its size
its translation
its cytologic location

A

its activity

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22
Q

allosteric enzymes have_____ (select all that apply)
only one binding site
two or more binding sites
binding sites that influence each other
no binding sites

A

two or more binding sites
binding sites that influence each other

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23
Q

What is required for motor proteins to move?
NADPH hydrolysis
NAD hydrolysis
ATP hydrolysis
DTP hydrolysis

A

ATP hydrolysis

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24
Q

Which of the following are protein domains in an antibody? (select all that apply)
Variable Y chain
Variable X chain
Variable heavy chain
Variable light chain

A

Variable heavy chain
Variable light chain

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25
Q

Which of the following are functional classes of enzymes? (select all that apply)
hydrolase
nuclease
protease
triptynase

A

hydrolase
nuclease
protease

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26
Q

What signals translation to a halt?
a stop codon
a start codon
the 3’ poly A tail
the 5’ cap

A

a stop codon

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27
Q

during translation a tRNA carrying the next amino acid binds to the
A site
T site
P site
E site

A

A site

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28
Q

Which of the following are responsible for coupling tRNAs with their amino acids?
nitryl-tRNA synthases
aminoacyl-tRNA synthases
hydroxyl-tRNA synthases
carboxyl-tRNA synthases

A

aminoacyl-tRNA synthases

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29
Q

A segment of DNA in the genome that is not a protein-coding gene ______
is junk DNA left over from mistakes in evolution
is completely unimportant to the cell
can be used to regulate gene activity
must encode a functional RNA

A

can be used to regulate gene activity

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30
Q

If a gene sequence in one organism is highly similar to the sequence of another gene in another organism it is called
homologous
related
protein coding
comparitive

A

homologous

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31
Q

The fruit fly is an excellent model for studying fundamentals of development because
the precise formation of each of their 959 body cells has been mapped
they are transparent and allow visualization of cell division and movement
they reproduce every 30 minutes on a plate
many of the genes involved in the development of the fruit fly are also found in humans

A

many of the genes involved in the development of the fruit fly are also found in humans

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32
Q

The rules of which fundamental process were elucidated in the bacterim E. coli?
DNA replication
cell division cycle
mitosis
embryonic development

A

DNA replication

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33
Q

Which of the following is a role of the cytoskeleton in plant cells?
Intermediate filaments support chloroplast structure
Actin filaments guide cell movement
Microtubules form tracks for movement of cell components
Intermediate filaments form strong links to the plant cell wall

A

Microtubules form tracks for movement of cell components

34
Q

The cell components that move materials from one organelle to another are called
transport vesicles
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi apparatus
cytosol

A

transport vesicles

35
Q

Lysosomes and peroxisomes both perform a series of reactions to break down molecules, but one difference between them is that
peroxisomes contain hydrogen peroxide
lysosomes break down toxic molecules
peroxisomes digest molecules for reuse
lysosomes are large and form an interconnected network

A

peroxisomes contain hydrogen peroxide

36
Q

Archaea and bacteria are two separate domains of prokaryotes that were distinguished by examining
their cell structures
their DNA sequences
the presence vs. absence of a nucleus
the presence vs. absence of chloroplasts

A

their DNA sequences

37
Q

which of the following microscopy techniques allows the observation of living cells
scanning electron microscopy
fluorescence microscopy
transmission electron microscopy
there are no microscopy techniques suitable for the observation of living cells

A

fluorescence microscopy

38
Q

Which of the following microscopy techniques would allow the most detailed image showing the 3-D structure of a flagellum?
scanning electron microscopy
transmission electron microscopy
high-resolution fluorescence light microscopy
conventional light microscopy

A

scanning electron microscopy

39
Q

the genes in the genome of an adult organism
must all be expressed in all cells of the organism for survival
are mostly silenced after embryonic development is complete
are expressed or silenced depending on whether a gene is needed in that cell type and environment
are vastly different in composition depending on the cell type

A

are expressed or silenced depending on whether a gene is needed in that cell type and environment

40
Q

self-replication of living cells occurs through the catalytic action of
DNA
RNA
proteins
nucleotides

A

proteins

41
Q

DNA is a better molecule for long-term storage of genetic information than RNA because
the deoxyribose sugar stabilizes DNA chains
the uracil in DNA is less easily mutated
DNA is able to make complex folded secondary structures
DNA is able to autocatalyze its own repair

A

the deoxyribose sugar stabilizes DNA chains

42
Q

Which of the following properties could help RNA be both an information storage unit and a self-replicating molecule?
RNA can act as a template for making copies of itself
RNA is a short-lived molecule
RNA cannot catalyze reactions
RNA must be made from DNA

A

RNA can act as a template for making copies of itself

43
Q

Protein concentration can be regulated by all of the steps listed EXCEPT
nuclear export
RNA processing
mRNA stability
DNA replication

A

DNA replication

44
Q

What is the name of the complex that degrades proteins that have reached the end of their lifespan, are damaged, or are misfolded?
proteasome
nuclease
ribosome
nuclear pore complex

A

proteasome

45
Q

What recognizes the stop codons in an mRNA?
release factor
a specialized tRNA linked to methionine
nothing
the 3’ poly-A tail

A

release factor

46
Q

the catalytic sites for peptide bond formation during translation is found in which part of the ribosome?
large subunit RNAs
large subunit proteins
small subunit RNAs
small subunit proteins

A

large subunit RNAs

47
Q

How do tRNAs become attached to the correct amino acid?
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
RNA polymerases
rRNA ribozymes
translation initiation factors

A

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

48
Q

The splicing of introns out of an mRNA molecule is catalyzed by
RNA molecules that base pair with the splice sites to promote intron removal
proteins that contain metal ions to pull electrons from the phosphate bonds
RNA molecules that act as a template for new RNA synthesis using exons only
proteins that act as nucleases to chew away and remove the introns

A

RNA molecules that base pair with the splice sites to promote intron removal

49
Q

What performs the function of bacterial sigma factor in eukaryotes?
general transcription factors
initiation proteins
nucleosomes
promoters

A

general transcription factors

50
Q

Which type of RNA is converted into protein for performing its cellular function?
tRNA
rRNA
mRNA
miRNA

A

mRNA

51
Q

At which step of gene expression can cells amplify the number of copies of a protein made from a single gene?
transcription
translation
neither transcription nor translation
both transcription and translation

A

both transcription and translation

52
Q

The process of gene expression always involves which process(es) described in the central dogma?
transcription
translation
replication
transcription and translation

A

transcription

53
Q

What is a protein family?
a set of proteins that have the same number of domains
a group of proteins from unrelated species
a structurally related group of proteins
a collection of proteins that have all been crystallized

A

a structurally related group of proteins

54
Q

Which method is most suitable for determining the three dimensional structure of an extremely large integral membrane protein complex?
NMR spectrosccopy
mass spectrometry
x-ray crystallography
cryoelectron microscopy

A

cryoelectron microscopy

55
Q

Which method is used for separating proteins based on specific interactions with other molecules?
mass spectrometry
gel electrophoresis
affinity chromatography
x-ray crystallography

A

affinity chromatography

56
Q

Chemical modifications like phosphorylation and acetylation of proteins occur on _____ of amino acids and can affect interaction of proteins with other cell components or structures
amino groups
carboxyl groups
side chains
peptide groups

A

side chains

57
Q

How does phosphorylation of a protein affect its activity?
always increases activity
always decreases activity
never affects activity
could increase or decrease activity

A

could increase or decrease activity

58
Q

When a ligand binds to an allosteric enzyme’s regulatory site, it changes the activity of that enzyme by
directly blocking the active site
inducing a conformational change
acting as a chaperone
denaturing the enzyme

A

inducing a conformational change

59
Q

disulfide bonds stabilize protein shape outside the cell by
covalent bonds between cysteines
noncovalent bonds between charged side chains
hydrophobic interactions within the lipid bilayer
hydrogen bonds with water molecules

A

covalent bonds between cysteines

60
Q

a binding site on the surface of a protein interacts specifically with another protein through
many weak noncovalent interactions
a few strong noncovalent interactions
many weak covalent interactions
a few strong covalent interactions

A

many weak noncovalent interactions

61
Q

which of the following shows protein organizational units in the correct order from smallest to largest?
subunit<domain<complex
domain<subunit<complex
complex<domain<subunit
complex<subunit<domain

A

domain<subunit<complex

62
Q

a stretch of amino acids in a polypeptide chain that is capable of independently folding into a defined structural unit is called a
domain
backbone
subunit
ligand

A

domain

63
Q

which of the following is true about amyloid protein structures?
they always cause neurodegenerative diseases
they are weak and brittle
they consist of stacked beta sheets
they are made up of helical protein fibers

A

they consist of stacked beta sheets

64
Q

which type of noncovalent interaction can involve either the polypeptide backbone or amino acid side chains?
van der Waals attractions
hydrophobic forces
hydrogen bonds
electrostatic interactions

A

hydrogen bonds

65
Q

In what part of the cell are proteins destroyed?
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi apparatus
lysosome

A

lysosome

66
Q

Which of the following are model organisms (select all that apply)
mouse
fruit fly
ecoli
hippo
cat

A

mouse
fruit fly
ecoli

67
Q

Which of the following are components of the cytoskeletal network?
microtubules
mitochondria
lysosomes
endosomes

A

microtubules

68
Q

What is the primary function of the inner membrane space of the mitochondria?
proton movement during the electron transport chain
to isolate the mitochondria from the cytoplasm
store the nuclear material
generate plasma membranes

A

proton movement during the electron transport chain

69
Q

What determines the shape of a protein?
the covalent bonds between side chains
amino acid side chains and their sequence
the distribution of amino and carboxyl groups in a polypeptide chain
the structure of DNA and RNA molecules

A

amino acid side chains and their sequence

70
Q

Which of the following are general functions of proteins? (select all that apply)
catalyze reactions
transcription
signaling
storage

A

all of the above

71
Q

Out of the 20 amino acids which of the following are characteristics of side chains? (select all that apply)
carboxyl groups
amino groups
positively charged
negatively charged

A

positively charged
negatively charged

72
Q

What determines the directionality of a protein?
the orientation of the carboxyl and amino groups
hydrogen bonds
the orientation of the side chains
the orientation of hydrogen bonds

A

the orientation of the carboxyl and amino groups

73
Q

correct protein folding occurs through (select all that apply)
covalent bonding between positively charged side chains
chaperon proteins guiding energetically favorable conformations
hydrophobic forces and lowest energy conformation
positioning of ribosomes along the endoplasmic reticulum

A

chaperon proteins guiding energetically favorable conformations
hydrophobic forces and lowest energy confromation

74
Q

disease-causing misfolded proteins are called
crystals
E. coli
prions
sponges

A

prions

75
Q

Which of the following are considered levels of organization of a protein (select all that apply)
domains
alpha helices
secondary structure
covalent bonds
subunits

A

domains
alpha helices
secondary structure
subunits

76
Q

what types of bonds help to stabilize extracellular proteins?
Van Der Waals
Covalent
electrostatic
hydrogen

A

covalent

77
Q

which of the following is true for a molecule that binds a protein (select all that apply)
the protein domain where binding occurs is known as a binding site
binding is highly selective
the molecule would interact with a ligand
it occurs through noncovalent bonds between amino acids side chains and the molecule

A

the protein domain where binding occurs is known as a binding site
binding is highly selective
it occurs through noncovalent bonds between amino acid side chains and the molecule

78
Q

Which polymerase transcribes mRNA?
PolII
PolI
PolIII
PolIV

A

PolII

79
Q

During transcription initiation which general transcription factor complex binds to the TATA
TFID
TFIIB
TFIE
TFIH

A

TFID

80
Q

Which processes occur simultaneously during mRNA transcription? (select all that apply)
capping
splicing
polyadenylation
translation

A

capping
splicing
polyadenylation

81
Q

in what part of the nucleus does mRNA transcription take place
euchromatin
heterochromatin
nucleolus
chromosomes

A

euchromatin

BIO 203 exam one (1 decks)

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