Practice Questions for Fluid and Electrolytes and Acid Base Balance Flashcards
In the body fluid compartments found in the human body, the solvent is
water
What is an acidic solution
A solution with a pH value less than 7
A chemical compound that helps control the pH of a solution by adding or removing hydrogen ions is a
Buffer
Which of the following describes the major function of ATP in cells?
transfers energy for cell functions
Which type of blood vessel plays a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries
Arterioles
What is the largest driving force for pulling fluid from the interstitial spaces back into the capillaries is
blood colloid osmotic pressure.
Define filtration
The pressure-driven movement of fluids and solutes from blood into interstitial fluid
Which of the following hormones would NOT stimulate changes that lead to an increase in arterial blood pressure?
Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)
In a freak accident, an overheated and dehydrated roofer falls off the roof and onto a mirror that is being brought into a construction site. The mirror breaks and cuts several blood vessels, including the femoral artery. What will happen to the roofer’s NFP in his capillary beds? Why?
Answer: If the roofer overheated, he probably had already lost a significant volume of body fluid through perspiration as his body tried to cool off. That loss would account for the dehydration. Loss of fluid without significant loss of solutes causes the blood colloidal osmotic pressure (BCOP) to increase. The cuts the roofer suffered would cause hemorrhaging and a loss of blood hydrostatic pressure (BHP). If the BHP goes down and the BCOP goes up, the net filtration pressure (NFP) should decrease because NFP = (BHP + IFOP) – BCOP. [IFOP is the interstitial fluid osmotic pressure, which is so much smaller than the BHP or BCOP that it usually doesn’t change NFP.]
Which of the following categories of hypertension drugs lower blood pressure by blocking formation of angiotensin II, which results in vasodilation and decreased aldosterone secretion?
ACE inhibitors
Which of the following effectors would NOT be activated as described below in response to hypovolemic shock?
Systemic arterioles vasodilate.
What is Hypovolemic
A type of shock is due to decreased blood volume.
What do the following chemicals have in common: potassium, hydrogen ions, lactic acid, nitric oxide, and adenosine?
All potent vasodilators
Which of the following characteristics of blood depends mostly on the ratio of RBCs to plasma volume?
a) total blood volume
b) blood viscosity
c) venous return
d) clotting time
e) immunoglobulin profile
blood viscosity
Which of the following structures is used to control the flow of blood through a capillary bed?
a) thoroughfare channels
b) precapillary sphincters
c) postcapillary sphincters
d) venules
e) valves in veins
precapillary sphincters
