Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography 1220 > Practice Questions > Flashcards

Practice Questions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

List one natural process whereby oxygen may be added to the atmosphere

A

photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

WHich of the following does not reflect the modern industrial society?

a. increased production and consumption of goods
b. increased dependence on non-renewable resources
c. shift in use from natural materials to synthetics
d. decrease in the amount of energy used per unit output
c. non of the above

A

d. decrease in the amount of energy used per unit output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Human impact on ecosystems include(s):

a. reduction
b. fragmentation
c. substitution
d. a, b and c
e. b and c only

A

d. a, b and c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which of the following is the general rule for energy requirements at each trophic level in the energy pyramid?

a. 100 lbs of herbivores can support 10 lbs of carnivores, which can support one pound of omnivore
b. 100 lbs of producers can support 10 lbs of herbivores, which can support 1 lb of carnivore
c. 1 lb of producers can support 1 lb of herbivores, which can support 1 lb of carnivore
d. none of the above

A

b. 100 lbs of producers can support 10 lbs of herbivores, which can support 1 lb of carnivore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The most significant factor leading to the creation or Neolithic villages and towns was:

a. the evolution of crafts people
b. the evolution of food
c. the evolution of metalsmiths
d. the limited modes of transport
e. none of the above

A

e. none of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define: Synergism

A

Defined as the process whereby a combination of two or more chemicals is likely to lead to a greater effect than each chemical alone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Modern agriculture has affected soils by increasing erosion, enhancing desertification and __________

A

…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define: Salinization

A

the buildup of salts in surface soil layers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define: Bioaccumulation

A

the buildup of toxicants in the tissues of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Provide an example of how religion may affect any one of the components of the Human-Environment Interaction Model

A

…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?

A

Bioaccumulation happens when toxicants are built up in the tissues of an organism, biomagnification happens when these toxicants become more concentrated due to the consumption of multiple organisms that have toxicants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The build-up of contaminants in an organism is:

a. simplification
b. bioaccumulation
c. synergism
d. biomagnification

A

b. bioaccumulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which of the following is an agent(s) of erosion?

a. wind
b. humans
c. water
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Examples of two specific contaminants from two classes of contaminants measured in Arctic environments but derived from elsewhere:

A
  1. Persistent organic pollutants
    - industrial byproducts
    - pesticides
  2. ## radionuclides
  3. heavy metals
    - iron
    -arsenic
    - copper, zinc, iron
    (all heavy metals can be found in nature)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How much time have Humans spent on Earth as members of Early and Modern Agricultural societies?

a. 1%
b. 10%
c. 90%
d. 99%
e. none of the above

A

b. 10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dentrification is the process by which _________ in soild organic matter as it decomposes

a. bacteria free nitrogen
b. insects free phosphorus
c. bacteria free phosphorus

A

a. bacteria free nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Human attributes of a resource include:

a. demand, supply, use
b. demand, use, acquisition
c. supply, character, acquisition
d. supply acquisition, use

A

b. demand, use, acquisition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define: sustainable yeild

A

the highest rate of use of a resource without decreasing its natural replacement rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Focussing on a global scale, discuss the effects of the differences in the flows of energy and matter on the biosphere.

A

…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Compare and contrast the following terms (2 marks each):
Substitution/simplification
Biomagnification/bioaccumulation
Developing and frontier environments
People overpopulation and consumption over population

A

…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of functional resources?

a. resources are static
b. resources may be made obsolete
c. resources can be made to last
d. resources can be hazards
e. none of the above

A

a. resources are static

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Long Answer: Discuss the evolution of human society with reference to our relationship with carbon

A

…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Vincent Shaeffer is famour for:

A

the creation of rain in a chamber

24
Q

List one natural process whereby nitrogen may be added to the atmosphere

A

..

25
Q

Provide a clear example of how a resource may be a hazard

A

Natural hazards: ie living on a waterfront property- more likely to be affected by flooding, water erosion, etc.

Technological hazards: ie nuclear energy is an important resource in many parts of the world, but also a technological hazard

26
Q

_____ is not an example of a sedimentary cycle.

a. calcium cycle
b. phosphorus cycle
c. magnesium cycle
d. non of the above

A

a. calcium cycle

27
Q

Copper is an example of what class of resource?

A

…

28
Q

In the hydrological cycle, water is:

a. continuously renewed and purified
b. lost as vapour into outer space
c. continuously depleted as it changes to hydrogen gas
d. none of the above

A

a. continuously renewed and purified

29
Q

A substantial lowering of birthrates is called:

a. demographic cycle
b. birth control
c. demographic transition
d. none of the above

A

c. demographic transition

30
Q

Agriculture affects soils by:

a. enhancing wind and water erosion
b. reducing soil fertility
c. increasing desertification
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

31
Q

______ is not an attribute of the HEIM

a. resources
b. culture
c. population
d. environmental change

A

b. culture

32
Q

One of the earliest materials of which humans composed tools was:

a. glass
b. tanzinite
c. iron
d. obsidian
e. tin

A

d. obsidian

33
Q

The stratosphere is characterized by a zone of:

a. dense, turbulent air with abundant water, and containing the ozone layer
b. light stable air with abundant water and oxygen
c. light, stable air with little water and containing the ozone layer
d. dense turbulent air with little water and oxygen

A

c. light, stable air with little water and containing the ozone layer

34
Q

Long answer: What is environmental impact? What are the challenges with its definition? Use specific examples in your discussion. (5 marks each)

A

…

35
Q

Identify two challenges of modern agriculture:

A
  1. to maintain the rate of agricultural production equal to or above the rate of population growth
  2. to increase productivity per unit resource base
  3. to maintain the environmental sustainability of both agriculture and all other resources and environments impacted by agriculture
36
Q

Which expression does not characterise the ‘lithic’ societies?

a. small, rapidly growing populations
b. low birth rates
c. short lived
d. nomadic
e. none of the above

A

d. nomadic

37
Q

The primary trigger of circulation of the atmosphere is:

a. wind
b. temperature
c. pressure differences
d. solar radiation
e. all of the above

A

e. all of the above

38
Q

What is the input rule(for non-renewables) that is designed to assess the sustainability of human activities?

A

Depletion rates of non-renewable resources should be equal or less than the rate at which renewable substitutes are developed.

39
Q

High energy radiation (e.g. gamma rays) from the sun causes temperatures to rise within the:

A

thermosphere

40
Q

Long Answer: Discuss (with specific references) environmental impacts created by hunter-gatherer societies

A

…

41
Q

Long Answer: Problem displacement can be grouped into three categories. Name and define each category.
Discuss problem displacement as it relates to energy production in the Slovak Republic. What are the externalities? Give examples of externalities and discuss three limits to removing externalities.

A
  • Externalities are the costs associated with the use of resources that are not included with the costs of production/manufacturing the resource.
  • An example would be tha the cost of producing and selling a herbicide/insecticide is independent of the cost of cleaning up the environmental contaminants. (ie. cleaning up DDT in the Arctic which acts as sink. Another example would be the cost of decreasing global climate is an externalitity of the increased CO2 production that comes with burning fossil fuels and lumber. There are various limits to removing externalities including knowledge, we may not know all the added costs to our environment. As well we are limited by our ability to clean up pollutants as we can’t clean it all up. We are also limited by the volume of use, perhaps the rate at which we are producing these adverse side effects are too much for clean up efforts. Interest groups also play a role in removing externalities, perhaps the removal/reduction of global climate increases is of ‘bigger’ concern than the removal of DDT from the arctic. Common property also poses a problem for the removal of externalities.
42
Q

Define: Biomagnification

A

The magnification of the concentration of toxicants in an organism caused by its consumption of other organisms in which toxicants have been bioaccumulated (also called food chain concentration)

43
Q

What percentage of water on the surface of the earth is fresh?

a. 2%
b. 20%
c. 10%
d. 75%

A

a. 2%

44
Q

Soil:

a. takes a long time to develop
b. is a non-renewable resource
c. is a renewable resource
d. a and c only

A

d. a and c only

45
Q

Dr. Lorne Bennet describes the Arctic environment as:

a. a pristine environment- untouched by humans
b. a cold and unforgiving place
c. cold with long winters and short cool summers
d. beautiful

A

b. a cold and unforgiving place

46
Q

List 2 reasons that copper tools did become long-term tools of choice:

A

…

47
Q

The plants we use as major food sources are characterized by:

a. high yield
b. high food value
c. low environmental cost
d. good storage ability
e. all of the above
f. three of the above

A

f. three of the above

48
Q

Long Answer: Compare the agricultural viewpoint with the environmental viewpoint regarding our ability to feed 11 billion people in 2100. Which viewpoint do you favour and why?

A

….

49
Q

List one way in which humans may increase the impact of convective precipitation

A

..

50
Q

An example of a common property resource is:

A

… the great lakes?

51
Q

Attributes of the population component of the Human-Environment Interaction Model include:

a. size
b. age
c. distribution
d. all of the above
e. just a and c

A

e. just a and c

52
Q

The hydrologic cycle consists of precipitation, runoff, evaporation, and _______ which may be defined as _________

A

convection, condensation, advection, back to precipitation

53
Q

What is the difference between energy and matter?

A

Energy flows THROUGH ecosystems. It most typically arrives as radiation from the sun, powers the system, is transformed and exits in the form of heat.

Matter, in contrast, is generally recycled WITHIN ecosystems. Matter is recycled b/c when organisms die and decay, their nutrients remain in the system.

54
Q

List two general environmental impacts associated with the early stages of the industrial revolution:

A
  • increase of deforestation
  • cultivation lead to not nutrient rich soil
  • human settlements shifted from hills to valleys
55
Q

What was the first act that clearly distinguishes our ancestors from all other species on earth?

A

…

56
Q

Identify the technique commonly used in order to produce superior crops or livestock varieties

A

… Domestication???

57
Q

Define and indicate the significance of the following terms:

  • shifting cultivation
  • gaseous cycle
  • environmentally sustainable agriculture
  • substitution
A

…

Geography 1220 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions