Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology - Bacterial and Fungi > Practice questions > Flashcards

Practice questions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the most common systemic mycosis of cats?

A

Cryptococcosis is a common systemic mycosis in cats that often affects the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was Enterococcus previously?

A

Enterococcus was previously considered a Lancefield Group D Streptococcus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What fungal infection is associated with subcutaneous mycoses?

A

Sporotrichosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does Borrelia cause?

A

In addition to Lyme Disease, Borrelia causes lymphadenopathy, arthritis, & splenomegaly in birds (“avian spirochetosis”, which is characterized by marked splenomegaly).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Can you give a “Strangles” (Streptococcus) vaccine before birth?

A

Yes; there is a parenteral bacterin or subunit vaccine that can be given 4-6 weeks pre- partum; this immunity will then be transferred via the colostrum (“Vaccinate 4 to 6 weeks pre- partum”).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This sheep has a tilted head. What bacteria may explain it?

A

Listeria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 3 species, in particular, can be effected by Aspergillosis?

A

Dogs (their noses), horses (their guttural pouches), & birds (via contaminated litter).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes Valley Fever?

A

Coccidioidomycosis; it likes hot, arid soils.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is there a vaccine for Leptospira?

A

Yes, there is a bacterin available & it is in combination with the Erysipelothrix bacterin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How infectious is Coccidioidomycosis?

A

Coccidioidomycosis is extremely infectious, & all it takes is 1 spore! This is a feared thing!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is Burkholderia pseudomallei found in the US?

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei may be encountered in zoos, but if you see it, report it to the state vet office (think of the iguana & the FBI).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

White fungal infection on face of a cow

A

Trichophyton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the infection indicated by the red arrows

A

Trichophyton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What fungus can lead to scarring of the esophagus?

A

Candidiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What vaccine is available for Clostridium?

A

There is the annual 7-way bacterin of 6 species plus the toxoid of Clostridium perfringens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does Bacillus anthraces kill?

A

Bacillus anthracis emits a hemotoxin, vascular permeability is increased, the animal goes into hypotensive shock, & dies rapidly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does Nocardia usually live?

A

Nocardia lives in the soil.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does Pasteurella multocida get into a person from a cat (or dog)?

A

Via bites, especially cat bites!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where might petechial hemorrhages be found in a cow dead of anthrax?

A

Petechial hemorrhages might be found on the heart, on the spleen, & lots of places!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the greater risk to a foal: Streptococcus or Rhodococcus?

A

Rhodococcus! Rhodococcus (foal pneumonia) can have a case fatality rate as high as 50%!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Does Arcanobacterium have a particular disease pattern?

A

No, it just depends nowhere the bacteria spreads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  1. How does Coccidioidomycosis often present?
A

First, Coccidioidomycosis may present as a flu, then can develop into a pneumonia. Look for big, fungal lesions in the lung.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which fungus is smooth, thin-walled, occurs in small numbers, & may have microconidia?

A

Trichophyton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What causes atrophic rhinitis?

A

Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How can Mycoplasma infection present?

A

Mycoplasma presents as conjunctivitis, mastitis, pneumonia, air sacculitis, & arthritis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What causes Johnes Disease?

A

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Is there a good vaccine against Escherichia coli?

A

No; it is very hard to produce vaccines for endotoxins (since they’re just not that antigenic), but whoever figures it out will win the Nobel Prize. :-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the Histophilus species worth knowing for the exam?

A

Histophilus somni, which is ordinarily found in the respiratory tract, but then gets out. Somni = sleepy = think TEME (thromboembolic meningoencephalitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A bacteria is found within granulocytes. What might be the culprit

A

Ehrlichia ewingii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What cell does Ehrlichia ewingii infect?

A

E. ewingii infects granulocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Does Cryptococcosis have a broad or narrow budding base?

A

narrow budding base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

A bacteria is found within platelets. What might be the culprit?

A

Anaplasma platys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which systemic mycotic disease are you most likely to encounter out west in the desert?

A

Coccidioidomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What can Clostridium perfringens cause?

A

Gas gangrene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Can Actinobacillus cause wound infections, like Actinomyces?

A

Yes, both Actinobacillus (causative agent of “wooden tongue”) & Actinomyces (causative agent of “lumpy jaw”) cause wound infections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What species does Campylobacter fetus venerealis most often infect?

A

C. fetus venerealis most often infects cattle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Is there a zoonotic risk with Francisella?

A

Yes! Francisella is also called “Rabbit Fever”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Does Chlamydia have a strict host range?

A

Yes! We do, though, worry about zoonotic transmission, especially with Chlamydophila psittaci.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Does Francisella affect birds?

A

No (just rabbits & other mammals), or at least, not according to the notes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What species of animal would most likely need to be vaccinated against Moraxella?

A

Cattle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Why is Brucella a hot button issue?

A

Brucella is a hot button issue since ranchers think the national parks are a reservoir for Brucella, which can affect their cattle (& cause disease in their cattle, & great economic loss!).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What does the Cotton Blue stain allow you to see?

A

Cotton Blue Stain allows for the visualization of fungus. With it, you can see septae & hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

A bird is found with pasted vents, green diarrhea, and conjunctivitis. What might be causing this?

A

Chlamoydophila psittaci - diarrhea is green because the liver is affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Does Histoplasmosis like wet weather or dry?

A

Histoplasmosis likes wet climates, especially around the Mississippi & Ohio River watersheds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What type of animal can get Brucella

A

Any type of animal can get Brucella!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is this yeast with a broad base of budding?

A

Blastomyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What dictates what kind of disease Clostridium causes?

A

It all depends on where the endospores end up in Clostridium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Is there a vaccine for Bordetella?

A

There are non-core vaccines available, & are especially recommended for traveling animals (animals that go to dog shows, etc).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What bacteria invades neutrophils?

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

In what form is Cryptococcosis always?

A

Cryptococcosis is always yeast!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What does Leptospira cause?

A

Leptospira causes septicemia, renal disease, rat catcher’s yellows, & “moon blindness” (periodic uveitis) in horses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Where are Anaplasma phagocytophilum found?

A

In neutrophils; they can be seen as morula on blood smears or in the buffy coat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Can Mycoplasma cause pneumonia?

A

Yes, Mycoplasma can cause Walking Pneumonia & pleuropneomonia, which has been eradicated in the US.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What is this fungus that is highly encapsulated

A

Sporotrichosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What can cause cystitis in dogs?

A

Haemophilus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What does Helicobacter cause?

A

gastritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What causes “Diamond Skin Disease” in pigs?

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What causes “Rain rot”?

A

Dermatophilus - rain scald, lumpy wool, strawberry foot rot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

How does Nocardia usually present?

A

Nocardia often presents as abscesses & effusions, & is found in dogs that are kept chained up in the dirt with collars that are too small.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Does Streptococcus just present as “Strangles”?

A

No! Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus has a larger host range and can effect pigs and calves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Is there a vaccine for Actinobacillus?

A

Yes, there is a 4-way vaccine with Erysipelothrix, Pasteurella, & Bordetella.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What causes “Greasy Pig Disease” in pigs?

A

Staphylococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

How is Francisella transmitted?

A

Francisella is a tic born disease & it can be very severe, with endotoxemia, inflammation, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

How does Coccidioidomycosis usually present in dogs?

A

It usually presents as a lung infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Is “Shipping Fever” often just one thing?

A

No, it is often many things together, both bacterial & viral.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What causes “avian cholera”?

A

Pastuerella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Is there a vaccine for Histophilus?

A

There is a Histophilus bacterin for pre-weaning calves & feedlot cattle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Do endotoxins have local and specific effects?

A

No! Know that endotoxins have a general systemic effect: these effects include fever, DIC, hemorrhage (not local or specific effects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

How does Pseudomonas get into an animal?

A

Pseudomonas can gain entry & inoculate anywhere & anything; Pseudomonas has a specific odor & is green.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What does Anaplasma platys infect?

A

Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

How does the “Derm-Duet” media work?

A

Derm-Duet has 2 sides to it: Rapid Sporulation Media (RSM) & Dermatophyte Test Media (DTM); DTM will turn red within a few days when a dermatophytic fungus is present. Dermatophytes include Microsporum canis & Trichophyton; the RSM side will induce the organisms to produce spores (macroconidia) which can be viewed microscopically for identification.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Badgers, deer, and elk may serve as reservoirs for what bacteria?

A

Mycobacterium bovis (cattle tuberculosis and is zoonotic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What does Taylorella cause?

A

Taylorella is the causative agent of CEM (contagious equine metritis), purulent endometritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

How do you test for TB vs Johnes?

A

Comparative Cervical Test; jab for TB & jab for Johnes, & then get out the calipers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

What causes “limberneck” in birds?

A

Clostridial infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Can Campylobacter jejuni cause human disease, like diarrhea?

A

Yes! Campylobacter jejuni causes human diarrhea cases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

How does Erysipelothrix present in pigs?

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae causes “diamond skin disease” in pigs. This is simply the gross manifestation of DIC in the small vessels of the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

What causes “Greasy Pig” & “Bumble Foot”?

A

Staphylococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Where is Pseudomonas found?

A

Pseudomonas is a common environmental thing; think of moist places.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Do all Escherichia coli secrete enterotoxins?

A

No, some actually attach to the cell surface of the gut themselves & cause disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Is Histophilus, once it gets to the TEME stage, recoverable?

A

Not really; once you see excess salivation & the cow is down, it’s heading toward death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

What is the difference between tetanus toxin & botulism toxin?

A

Tetanus toxin causes spastic action, while botulism toxin causes flaccid paralysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Is there a danger of zoonotic transmission with Listeria?

A

Yes! Listeria can contaminate cold cuts & meats since it is a cold loving thing, & folks do love their Subway sandwiches!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

How does Campylobacter fetus venerealis in cows most commonly manifest?

A

manifests as extended estrus cycles, endometritis and silent abortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

What distinguishes Microsporum canis from Blastomycosis?

A

Blastomycosis starts in the lungs & then becomes cutaneous lesions; Microsporum canis is only ever a cutaneous infection (dermatophyte)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

What 2 Corynebacterium must you know for the exam?

A

C. pseudotuberculosis & C. renale group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

What causes Potomac Horse Fever?

A

Neorickettsia risticii; the vector is a fluke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Do Histoplasmosis & Blastomycosis look similar in tissues?

A

No, they look different, with Blastomycosis having a broad based budding, & Histoplasmosis having invaded macrophages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

How does Corynebacterium renale group cause pyelonephritis?

A

Corynebacterium renale group infection begins in the urinary tract, works its way up to the bladder (cystitis), & can then go further up to the kidneys to cause kidney infection (pyelonephritis).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

Other than diarrhea, what can Yersinia cause?

A

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis subspecies pestis causes plague, but not diarrhea. Plague presents as petechial hemorrhage, pulmonary DIC, & hemorrhage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

What is the infectious dose of Coccidioidomycosis?

A

1 spore; therefore, use a BSC!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

Which dermatophyte disease is caused by a yeast?

A

Malassezia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

What fungus likes temperate, moist environments & is common in the southeast US?

A

Blastomycosis - Moist areas are great for growing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

Where does Actinomyces usually live?

A

Actinomyces is normal flora of the mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

What causes “wooden tongue”?

A

Actinobacillus causes “wooden tongue”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

What causes foal pneumonia?

A

Rhodococcus causes foal pneumonia, as does Actinobacillus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

What does Sporotrichosis infect & how does it get into the animal?

A

Deeper layers of the skin; Sporothichosis gets into the animal via puncture or bite wounds & disseminates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

Can adult horses get Rhodococcus?

A

Yes, but most adult horses have some level of titer to Rhodococcus & it is seldom deadly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

What sort of weather does Blastomycosis like?

A

Blastomycosis likes wet weather, but also temperate; Blastomycosis is common in the southeast.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

What can cause discospondylitis (a form of osteomyelitis) in dogs?

A

Brucella canis - also causes orchitis in cattle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

How does Chlamydophila felis often present in cats?

A

As conjunctivitis, rhinitis, & (rarely) pneumonia; acute, chronic, or recurrent conjunctivitis is the most common manifestation (& can be confused with Haemophilus or Mycoplasma infection). However, usually Chlamydophila felis does not progress to pneumonia, but keeps to the upper respiratory tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

Are Helicobacter normally present in an animal?

A

Yes, Helicobacter are assumed to be present in the oral cavity & gut of animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

Can Mycoplasma cause joint issues?

A

Yes, Mycoplasma causes blood in the joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

What is the causative agent of “Shipping Fever”?

A

Manheimia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

Most opportunistic mycoses are attributed to what?

A

Candida or Aspergillus. Candida looks like little pills & Aspergillus looks like dandelions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

Where is Haemophilus in a healthy animal?

A

Haemophilus is found in the upper respiratory tract normally, but can escape!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

What fungus causes chin acne of cats

A

Malassezia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

Is there a vaccine for Moraxella?

A

There is a vaccine for Moraxella, but you need enough IgA produced to opsonize Moraxella.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

How does Blastomycosis gain access to an animal?

A

Blastomycosis is simply inhaled, & often by dogs.

110
Q

An animal with head tilt may be suffering from what pathogen?

A

Listeria

111
Q

ileal inflammation, placentitis, abortion

A

This is Campylobacter jejuni causing gastroenteritis & Campylobacter fetus fetus causing abortion.

112
Q

xWhat is unique about the Mycobacterium?

A

Mycobacterium have thick, greasy outer walls that make it hard for host defenses to defeat them.

113
Q

What causes “Strangles” in horses?

A

Streptococcus equi equi

114
Q

How do Clostridial organisms breath?

A

Clostridium does not breath; they are anaerobes & as old as the hills! Clostridium are strict anaerobes.

115
Q

How does an animal get a Dermatophilus infection, & how does it present?

A

Dermatophilus gets its foothold on an animal via wet conditions (think of a horse that is always wet since it has no shelter to dry out in), & can also cause problems of the feet; Dermatophilus infections present as “lumpy wool”, “rain scald”, & foot problems.

116
Q

In adding antibiotics to the pig feed to kill off the Brachyspira, what are you trying to prevent?

A

Dysentery; Brachyspira is responsible for 30% of pig dysentery cases and is controlled by antibiotics like Metronidazole; the other 3ds of pig diarrhea are caused by Lawsonia and the Enterobacteriaceae

117
Q

What does Haemophilus cause?

A

Haemophilus causes conjuntivitis & cystitis in cats & dogs, & also pneumonia, serositis, meningitis, & “Glasser’s disease” in pigs. Haemophilus: PSMG!

118
Q

What causes foal pneumonia with case fatality up to 50%?

A

Rhodococcus

119
Q

Which mycotic infection is the most zoonotic?

A

Sporotrichosis

120
Q

How can Enterococcus present in dogs & cats?

A

Enterococcus can present as diarrhea, OR as an ear infection (otitis) since a dog or cat may get feces on the paw, & then scratch the ear.

121
Q

Does Listeria cause neurological signs, or GI signs?

A

Listeria causes both neurological signs & GI signs; the GI signs are usually mild & written off as something else, while the notorious & very serous signs tend to be neurological.

122
Q

Do Microsporum canis or Trichophyton have microconidia?

A

Trichophyton; Microsporum canis has thick walls & a prickly surface.

123
Q

What is the most common dermatophyte of domestic animals?

A

Microsporum canis

124
Q

What tick born pathogens are you least likely to see on a blood smear?

A

Ehrlichia canis & Ehlichia chaffeensis (since both infect monocytes).

125
Q

What does Brucella cause?

A

Brucella causes orchitis, abortion, & osteomyelitis, as well as infertility.

126
Q

What causes “wet tail”?

A

Lawsonia

127
Q

What causes “Lumpy Jaw”?

A

Actinomyces, caused by eating rough forage, honey comb masses of thin bone filled with yellow pus

128
Q

What fungus can cause gastric ulceration?

A

Candidiasis

129
Q

What systemic (deep) mycosis presents with ~80% of dogs having pulmonary infection?

A

Coccidioidomycosis

130
Q

Can Anaplasma phagocytophilum cause joint issues?

A

Yes, Anaplasma phagocytophilum can manifest as joint issues.

131
Q

How is Borrelia transmitted?

A

Borrelia is a tic born thing; it causes Lyme Disease & the first sign is often headache & photophobia, though it is hard to tell if a dog has a headache.

132
Q

Is there a vaccine for Haemophilus?

A

There is a bacterin vaccine for breeding flocks of birds to protect them from Haemophilus.

133
Q

What are the hallmarks of Staphylococcus infections?

A

Purulent lesions & abscesses, pus, thick cell walls of the Staphylococcus bacteria, & a strong antigen response. Think cutaneous abscesses, “greasy pig disease”, & “bumble foot”.

134
Q

How does Blastomycosis get into the animal?

A

Blastomycosis is simply inhaled; Blastomycosis is highly invasive without any particular portal of entry except by it being inhaled.

135
Q

Can you vaccinate horses against “Strangles”?

A

Yes!

136
Q

What causes frank abortion? What agent has a similar manifestation in sheep?

A

Campylobacter fetus fetus causes abortion. Chlamoydophila abortus causes abortion late in pregnancy of ewes and is why pregnant women working with sheep are at an increased risk of abortion.

137
Q

What is causing this?

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

138
Q

What is associated with foot rot in cattle?

A

Dichelobacter nodosus (-) Dermatophilus (+)

139
Q

Is there a vaccine for Borrelia?

A

There is a vaccine for Borrelia; it is a non-core vaccine for dogs with high risk of exposure.

140
Q

What fungus is associated with nasal disease in dogs?

A

Aspergillosis

141
Q

What is “Glanders”?

A

“Glanders” is a lot like “Strangles”, only it is caused by Burkholderia mallei & is multi- organ & multi-systemic.

142
Q

Do Mycoplasma ever colonize RBCs?

A

Yes, Mycoplasma can colonize the RBCs & cause anemia; therefore, Mycoplasma can be confused with Anaplasma marginale.

143
Q

What are the 3 phases of Ehrlichia canis infection?

A

Acute, subclinical, & chronic phases; thrombocytopenia is noted.

144
Q

orchitis, uveitis, abortion - diseases of:

A

This is the many disease states caused by Brucella; Brucella canis may be a greater zoonotic problem than we know.

145
Q

What can Bordetella do to the trachea?

A

Bordetella can flatten out the trachea.

146
Q

How does Histoplasmosis often present?

A

Histoplasmosis often presents as a pneumonia

147
Q

Dog has mange. What is a likely secondary skin infection?

A

-mange (Demodex canis) can develop secondary to Staphylococcus infections. -cause suppurative, pyogenic, purulent pus -pyoderma means any skin disease that is pyogenic

148
Q

Is Francisella linked to geography?

A

Yes, due to the ticks! Think Ozarks.

149
Q

Which fungus has thick walls, is multi-septate, & has no microconidia?

A

Microsporum canis

150
Q

Is there a vaccine available for Pasteurella?

A

There are bacterins available for Pasteurella.

151
Q

In tuberculosis infections, will the lesions just be cutaneous?

A

No, lesions will also be inside the animal, such as in the lungs, spleen, & lymph nodes; since the animal’s immune system will fight off the infection, the Mycobacterium will wall itself off; the infection will wax & wane, depending on the immune system of the animal.

152
Q

what causes “pink eye” or conjunctivitis in cattle?

A

moraxella

153
Q

Is Streptococcus more robust than Staphylococcus, or less so?

A

Less so! Streptococcus is a bit more delicate than Staphylococcus, & when you think about Streptococcus, think about the mucocutaneous junctions; Streptococcus may need closer contact to lead to infection.

154
Q

What does the budding yeast like like in Cryptococcosis?

A

Cryptococcosis budding is NOT broad based; it’s tiny & narrow.

155
Q

What Chlamydophila is causing a big outbreak in koalas?

A

Chlamydophila pecorum.

156
Q

What is “edema disease”?

A

Escherichia coli colonize & proliferate in the small intestine; enterotoxins are produced that damage the small arteries & arterioles. Degenerative angiopathy leads to increased vascular permeability & accumulation of edema at various sites, most notably the colon, stomach, small intestine, eyelids, & brain. Damage to vessels in the brain can cause malacia in the brain stem & basal ganglia.

157
Q

What is the source of infection of Clostridium

A

Endospores

158
Q

What type of cells does Ehrlichia chaffeensis infect?

A

monocytes

159
Q

Where are E. canis & E. chaffeensis most commonly diagnosed?

A

They are most commonly diagnosed in the southern US.

160
Q

A cow has chronic diarrhea and wasting with corrugated cardboard ileitis at death; what is the most likely causative agent?

A

Mycobacterium avium, subs. paratuberculosis - “Johne’s disease”

161
Q

What is this fungus that is highly encapsulated?

A

Sporotrichosis.

162
Q

What kind of animal can get a Clostridium infection?

A

ANY kind of animal

163
Q

What does Lawsonia cause?

A

Lawsonia causes a third of all pig diarrhea, & it is seldom identified definitively outside the pig industry since it’s the pig industry that has an economic incentive to figure out what is killing its pigs!

164
Q

What does C. pseudotuberculosis cause?

A

caseous lymphadenitis, lump on goat’s face

165
Q

What is the causative bacterial agent of “Shipping Fever”?

A

Mannheimia (Pasteurellaceae Family) (Mannheim haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Mycoplasma bovis)

166
Q

What does Shigella cause?

A

dysentery in primates

167
Q

Is there a historical note to the anthrax saga?

A

Yes; there are anthrax spores to be found to this day along the cattle trails of the 1800s.

168
Q
  1. After Blastomyces get into the respiratory tract, what can happen?
A

Blastomyces can go from the respiratory tract to become cutaneous lesions.

169
Q

What is the causative agent in “Snuffles” in rabbits?

A

Pasteurella multocida

170
Q

Where does Dermatophilus usually live?

A

Dermatophilus is a soil dwelling organism.

171
Q

A cow is found to have TEME (thromboembolic meningoencephalitis); what is a likely bacterial cause?

A

Histophilus somni

172
Q

How did we learn so much about Rhodococcus?

A

Due to the HIV/AIDS epidemic

173
Q

How does Campylobacter jejuni present?

A

Campylobacter jejuni presents as a gastro-enteritis (like Salmonella).

174
Q

How can Clostridium infections present?

A

Clostridial infections can present as histo-toxic or neuro-toxic.

175
Q

Is there a vaccine for Lawsonia?

A

Yes, there is an attenuated live vaccine for Lawsonia.

176
Q

How can you diagnose Coccidioidomycosis?

A

Look for sporangia!

177
Q

How can Listeria present?

A

Listeria can present as late-term abortion due to neuro-tropism during gestation.

178
Q

Is there a vaccine for tetanus?

A

Yes, & horses should be vaccinated!

179
Q
  1. Coccidioidomycosis is also known as what?
A

Valley Fever

180
Q

Chlamoydophila felis is most associated with what ailment?

A

conjunctivitis, rhinos, and rarely pneumonia of domestic cats

181
Q

Looking at this picture, what is the most common systemic mycosis of cats?

A

ryptococcosis is a common systemic mycosis in cats that often affects the nasal cavity.

182
Q

What kind of animal can get Mycoplasma?

A

Any kind of animal can get Mycoplasma

183
Q

Is there a vaccine for Campylobacter?

A

Yes, & it’s with the Leptospira vaccine

184
Q

Will you see fibrin tags in pig intestines with Lawsonia infection?

A

Yes

185
Q

What causes enzootic ovine abortion?

A

Chlamydophia abortus; also called Enzootic Abortion of Ewes (EAE), a number of animals are susceptible to this; this can cause abortion storms when 1 fetus is aborted, then other sheep go sniff the dead lamb, & then Chlamydophila abortus gets transmitted; Chlamydophila abortus is why pregnant women working with sheep have an increased risk of abortion.

186
Q

What is a broad based budding yeast?

A

Blastomycosis.

187
Q

What infection may explain this subcutaneous infection? grape like lesion on exposed skin

A

Sporotrichosis

188
Q

What can Leptospira do to the urine?

A

Leptospira causes hemoglobinura.

189
Q

Would Moraxella be likely to cause hematuria?

A

No, moraxella is associated with “pink eye” in cattle, histo toxic Clostridium is associated with “red water” (hemoglobinuria)

190
Q

Is Pseudomonas easy to treat?

A

No, Pseudomonas is a nightmare to treat since it’s so antibiotic resistant (much like Enterococcus).

191
Q

Does Salmonella cause just diarrhea?

A

No; Salmonella also causes pneumonia, abortion, & arthritis. PADA: pneumonia, abortion, diarrhea, arthritis

192
Q

What can Bacillus cereus cause?

A

Food poisoning

193
Q

What causes chin acne of cats?

A

Malassezia, a yeast.

194
Q

Is there a vaccine for Brucella?

A

Yes, developed right here at UF (RB51); RB51 is 3/4th effective at protecting against Brucella.

195
Q

How do the anaerobes gain access to the animal?

A

Via wound infection, & often from the feces (as these make up a lot of feces).

196
Q

What Campylobacter messes up artificial insemination (AI) programs?

A

Campylobacter fetus venerealis causes extended estrus cycles as well as silent abortions, & it messes up AI.

197
Q

What systemic (deep) mycosis is an inhabitant of soil & wood, & is found especially where water levels fluctuate?

A

Blastomycosis

198
Q

What causes “pigeon breast”?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

199
Q

Can you vaccinate for Anthrax?

A

Yes, with Sterne

200
Q

Is Malassezia a yeast or mold or both?

A

Malassezia is a yeast

201
Q

How does Histoplasmosis often present?

A

often presents as pneumonia

202
Q

What is special about Enterococcus?

A

Enterococcus is multi-drug resistant

203
Q

How can Erysipelothrix present in dogs & cats?

A

Erysipelothrix can cause endocarditis in dogs & cats.

204
Q

Why do Chlamydia look like little dots of green?

A

Because you’re seeing the reticulate bodies (vegetative; RB) & elementary bodies (infectious; EB). Chlamydia cycle between EBs & RBs.

205
Q

What is unique about Gram (-) bacteria vs Gram (+) bacteria?

A

While Gram (+) bacteria have a thick outer wall, Gram (-) bacteria have a separate outer membrane & do not depend so much on the cell wall. This outer membrane contains lipopolysaccharides, also known as endotoxin (which is not very antigenic).

206
Q

If an animal ingests pre-formed toxin (such as botulism) or the endospores of tetanus, what determines the result?

A

The result depends on how many toxins the animal ingested, or how many endospores the animal was exposed to, & the body mass of the animal; botulism toxin is pre- formed! Tetanus toxin is not pre-formed!

207
Q

How is Moraxella transmitted?

A

Moraxella is transmitted by fly bites; Moraxella is in the fly saliva, & then the fly bites, & Moraxella colonizes the eye area & causes pink eye in cattle.

208
Q
  1. What fungus likes hot & arid soils?
A

Coccidioidomycosis

209
Q

How does a histo-toxic Clostridium infection occur?

A

Clostridium gains access to the animal either through ingestion of endospores (C. difficile) or via inoculation of a wound (C. perfringens).

210
Q

What causes “lumpy jaw”?

A

Actinomyces causes “lumpy jaw”

211
Q

Highly encapsulated, causes grape looking lesion on skin

A

Sporotrichosis

212
Q

What species of animals is infected more than others with Blastomycosis?

A

Dogs

213
Q

What type of cells does Ehrlichia canis infect?

A

monocytes and lymphocytes

214
Q

Is Burkholderia mallei found in the US?

A

No, but it can still be found in other places in the world.

215
Q

What tick born disease causes splenomegaly in birds?

A

Borrelia

216
Q

What infection may explain this subcutaneous infection?

A

Sporotrichosis

217
Q
  1. Can Escherichia coli cause diarrhea in the upper or lower GI tract?
A

Either; if there is hemorrhaging, it is most dangerous since frank blood means other things in the intestines can be gaining access to systemic circulation.

218
Q

Are endotoxins & enterotoxins the same thing?

A

No! Enterotoxins target the luminal surface of the gut & allows water to flow out; endotoxins are another name for Gram (-) lipopolysaccharides.

219
Q

Causes strangles

A

Streptococcus

220
Q

What causes “Snuffles” in rabbits?

A

Pastuerella

221
Q

What does C. renale group cause?

A

C. renale group causes urinary tract infections & pyelonephritis & is why good sanitation in the milking parlor is important!

222
Q

What is uniquely difficult about treating Enterococcus?

A

enterococcus causes diarrhea and is frequently multi-drug resistant

223
Q

Where does Cryptococcosis like to infect?

A

Cryptococcosis is a yeast that likes to infect the nasal cavities of cats.

224
Q

What does Leptospira love?

A

Leptospira is a water-loving thing; Leptospira is found in nature & in the GI tract; contamination with Leptospira is often via the fecal route, & once an animal gets Leptospira, septicemia follows & then Leptospira is shed in the infected animal’s urine.

225
Q

Is “Kennel cough” often an isolated thing?

A

No; like “Shipping Fever”, “Kennel cough” is often a long list of things together, which can include Bordetella.

226
Q

What causes the tuberculosis in cows?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis subspecies bovis. This is classic TB, & requires quarantine & is a zoonotic.

227
Q

What is the disease pattern of Streptococcus?

A

Streptococcus leads to septicemia & pneumonia.

228
Q

Will topical drugs alone cure a Blastomycosis infection?

A

No; if you find cutaneous Blastomycosis, remember it got there via the lung; therefore, systemic drugs are needed to treat Blastomycosis. In the below picture, Blastomysosis is also in the lung of this dog!

229
Q

Is there a zoonotic potential for Brucella?

A

Yes, Brucella melitensis has a broader host range & cattle ranchers can get it.

230
Q

How is Leptospira spread?

A

it loves water and is often spread in urine

231
Q

What is the cause of endocarditis in dogs?

A

Erysipelothrix

232
Q

Is Cryptococcosis a yeast or a mold?

A

yeast

233
Q

Why are Ehrlichia canis & Ehrlichia chaffeensis hard to diagnosis?

A

E. canis & E. chaffeensis are hard to diagnose since they live in monocytes, & those are scarcely circulating cells.

234
Q

Wha tis the name of the fungal agent that is an opportunistic pathogen, that can grow down the esophagus, but that is ordinarily found on the skin to be harmless?

A

Candidiasis - gets a foothold in the mucocutaneous junctions

235
Q

What is causing diamond pattern on skin?

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

236
Q

With what drug is Ehrlichia canis best treated?

A

Doxycycline

237
Q
  1. What is the most common presentation of Haemophilus?
A

Conjunctivitis (watery eyes) in cats & “Glasser’s Disease” in pigs.

238
Q

Trueperella

A
239
Q

What causes “moon blindness” in horses?

A

Leptospira - also called periodic uveitis

240
Q

Is there a zoonotic potential for Chlamydophila?

A

Yes; there is a known potential for Chlamydophila psittaci & Chlamydophila abortus; there is a reported zoonotic potential for Chlamydophila felis

241
Q

What does Taylorella cause?

A

Taylorella causes contagious equine metritis (CEM), or purulent metritis.

242
Q

The skin of fish may contain what Gram (+) bacteria that we’ve studied?

A

Erysipelothrix is present on fish skin & may infect people who handle fish, especially if those people have tiny cuts on their hands.

243
Q

How does “wooden tongue” form?

A

forms from abrasions on the tongue.

244
Q

How do the lesions of Mycobacterium present?

A

The lesions can be cutaneous, & these are usually slowly developing & can spread extensively; the Mycobacterium do not stain with HE.

245
Q

How does Chlamydophila psittaci present in birds?

A

As avian hepatomegaly & avian splenomegaly.

246
Q

These sporangia are from what fungus?

A

Coccidioidomycosis.

247
Q

Is Taylorella a foreign disease?

A

Taylorella is alleged to be a foreign disease which is why the US uses quarantine- based testing; however, the entertainment clause allows horses into the US without testing, so Taylorella is likely endemic in the US.

248
Q

What does Brachyspira cause?

A

Brachyspira is responsible for a third of all pig diarrhea.

249
Q

How do the anaerobes present as far as disease?

A

The anaerobes cause podo- & inter-digital dermatitis since the hoof has low amounts of oxygen; the anaerobes have slow metabolisms since they are anaerobes, so these are slow, festering wounds.

250
Q

If a human is bitten by a cat, what is the most likely infection the can follow in the bit human?

A

Pasteurella multocida

251
Q

What systemic (deep) mycosis is a harbinger of human disease?

A

Blastomycosis

252
Q

How does Johnes present?

A

Johnes Disease is an ileitis & so presents as diarrhea & emaciation; Johnes Disease is often a long-term disease; while we cull cows with TB, we don’t cull cows with Johnes since there wouldn’t be many cows left in the US if we did.

253
Q
  1. If you see a dog with Blastomycosis on the leg, where is it also?
A

Blastomyces must also be in the lung!

254
Q

How can Actinomyces cause wound infection?

A

An animal has Actinomyces in its oral cavity normally, it gets a grass awn in its foot, it licks the foot, & Actinomyces is transferred into the wound.

255
Q

Are Mycoplasmas gram (+) or gram (-)

A

Neither. Think of Mycoplasma as little water balloons that depend on the life-style of the host.

256
Q

Can you vaccinate for Erysipelothrix?

A

Yes, with either a bacterin or attenuated vaccine; do it semi-annually or before farrowing.

257
Q

What causes caseous lymphadenitis and pyelonephritis?

A

Corynebacterium (pseudotuberculosis or rename group)

258
Q

How does Arcanobacterium cause disease?

A

Arcanobacterium is more like Staphylococcus in that it is present on the skin & can cause disease; look for pus, purulent lesions, & suppurative (full of pus) lesions; Arcanobacterium causes mastitis, abortion, & opportunistic lesions.

259
Q

Mycoplasma causes what in birds?

A

arthritis & air sacculitis

260
Q

Do Bacteroides, Dichelobacter, & Fusobacterium need oxygen?

A

No, they are anaerobes.

261
Q

Where is Histoplasmosis often found?

A

Histoplasmosis is often found in temperate, wet climates (Mississippi & Ohio River watersheds); Histoplasmosis is most often diagnosed in dogs since they have their noses to the ground & inhale spores.

262
Q

Where does Rhodococcus come from?

A

Rhodococcus is just a soil loving thing that doesn’t intend to get into a horse; Rhodococcus gets breathed in & it is why dust control is important when it comes to foal pneumonia.

263
Q

Does Blastomycosis stay in the respiratory tract?

A

No; Blastomycosis starts in the respiratory tract, & then spreads & causes cutaneous lesions.

264
Q

What is the most common dermatophyte of domestic animals?

A

Microsporum canis. This is animal to animal transmitted.

265
Q

What causes “Kennel cough”

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

266
Q

What species of animal is most affected by Bacillus anthracis?

A

Cattle via the GI, since they pull up grass & ingest soil in the process.

267
Q

What is an opportunistic pathogen that is normally in the upper respiratory tract, alimentary, & genital mucosa?

A

Candidiasis

268
Q

How does a dog or cat get “Kennel cough”?

A

Via direct contact or via aerosols

269
Q

if a cow tests positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, subspecies bovid, what is the diagnosis?

A

the cow has the equivalent of human Tuberculosis

270
Q
  1. How does an animal get Coccidioidomycosis?
A

An animal gets Coccidioidomycosis by breathing in the spores.

271
Q

What causes atrophic rhinitis?

A

Pasteurella & Bordetella together.

Microbiology - Bacterial and Fungi (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions