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Veterinary Animal Behavior > Practice questions > Flashcards

Practice questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the labeled dose for Clomicalm?

A

2-4mg/kg/day

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2
Q

What is the actual dose of Clomicalm that works clinically?

A

1-2 md/kg/BID

TCA

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3
Q

What is the labeled dose for Anipryl?

A

0.5-1mg/kg/morning

MAOI

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4
Q

Are there any behavioral drugs that are approved for use in cats?

A

No

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5
Q

What is the form that must be filled out by the O if you are prescribing a drug for off label use?

A

Informed consent form

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6
Q

What is the behavioral equivalent of embryology?

A

ontogeny

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7
Q

What studies how the behavior arises during the lifetime of the individual?

A

ontogeny

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8
Q

Define hypothesis

A

provisional and testable explainations for observed phenomena

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9
Q

Be able to determine event v. state. For example if a cat scratches itself, is this an event or state?

A

Event: behavior pattern that is relatively short in duration such as vocalization
State: behavior pattern that is relatively long in duration such as body posture

The number of times a cat scratches itself would be an event while the total time a cat spends scratching itself would be a state.

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10
Q

What is the startle response?

A

sudden jump and tensing of the muscles

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11
Q

What is habituation?

A

A decrease in response as a consequence of repeated exposure to a (contant level) stimulus
The initial response is innate not learned!

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12
Q

What is dishabituation?

A

When the habituated response is restored by exposure to a strong extraneous stimulus paired with the stimulus for which the animal has habituated

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13
Q

Sensitization

A

an increase in responsiveness produced by a repeased stimulation

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14
Q

What do habituation and sensitization have in common?

A

Both processes involve learning about just one stimulus

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15
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

When an orgainism learns about relationships between stimuli and comes to alter its behavior accordingly

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16
Q

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

A

A stimulus that elicits a particular response without the necessity of prior training

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17
Q

What is an unconditioned response?

A

A response that occurs to a stimulus without the necessity of prior training

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18
Q

What is a conditioned stimulus?

A

A stimulus that does not elicit a particular response initially, but comes to do so as a result of becoming associated with a US

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19
Q

What is a conditioned response?

A

The response that comes to be made to the CS as a result of classical conditioning

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20
Q

What is stimulus generalization?

A

The response is elicited by a diverse, but related, group of stimuli

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21
Q

What is a pre-departure cue?

A

A neutral stimuli that an animal may respond to in anticipation of US

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22
Q

What is extinction?

A

Loss of a learned response

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23
Q

What is operant conditioning?

AKA Instrumental conditioning

A

Behavior is affected by its consequences

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24
Q

What does the term reinforcement refer to?

A

The probability that the behavior will recur is increased

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25
Q

What does the term punishment refer to?

A

The probability that the behavior will recur is decreased

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26
Q

What is positive punishment?

A

Probability that the behavior will recur decreases as a consequence of the CS occurring immediately subsequent to the behavior

If you do X and bad things happen, stop doing X

Ex: Dog barks and you spray it in the face with citronella

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27
Q

What is negative punishment?

A

Probability that the behavior will recur decreases as a consequence of the CS being absent or removed

If you do X and a good thing doesnt happen or stops happening, dont do X

Ex: If you poke your sister again, you wont get any dessert

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28
Q

What are the three conditions for punishment?

A

It must be appropriate, consistent, and immediate

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29
Q

What is positive reinforcement?

A

Probability that the behavior will recur increases as a consequence of the CS being present immediatley subsequent to the behavior

If you do X and good things happen, then keep doing X

Ex: Give a treat when your dog sits

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30
Q

What is prompting and fading?

A

Initially getting animal to do desired behavior by ‘prompting’ the behavior and slowling ‘fading’ out the prompt

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31
Q

What is shaping?

A

Eliciting a behavior that would be the first step towards the final behavior

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32
Q

What is negative reinforcement?

A

The probability that the behavior will recur increases as a consequence of the CS being absent or removed if the behavior occurs

If you do X and bad things go away or stay away, keep doing X

Ex: dog growling at a child and the child walks away

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33
Q

T/F: You start with the mildest punishment you are willing to use and then gradually get worse

A

False.

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34
Q

T/F: When a dog sees garbage on the floor and slinks away to hide, it is because he knows he’s done wrong

A

False.

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35
Q

What is a schedule of reinforcement?

A

A program that determines how and when occurences of a response will be followed by a reinforcer. May depend on occurrence of a certain # of responses, passage of time, presense of certain stimuli, or occurrence of other responses

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36
Q

What are the three types of ratio schedules?

A

Continuous, fixed, variable

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37
Q

What is the most effective ratio schedule when an animal is first learning a new behavior?

A

Continuous reinforcement

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38
Q

Which ratio schedule causes the behavior to become very persistent?

A

Variable ratio

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39
Q

What type of reinforcement is a clicker?

A

Secondary

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40
Q

What is learned helplessness?

A

Interference with the learning of new instrumental responses as a result of exposure to inescapable and unavoidable aversive stimulation. Can be brought about by improper use of punishment, dominance training, flooding, or chronic/ inescapable abuse

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41
Q

What is flooding?

A

Term used to deliberate exposure of the animal to a stimulus until the response extinguishes or the animal habituates. Must continue stimulus until response ceases.

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42
Q

Define desensitization.

A

Expose animal to low-level stimulus that elicits a low-level response and gradually increase the intensity of the stimulus without eliciting the response

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43
Q

What is counter-conditioning

A

A response is elicited that is behaviorally and physiologically incompatible with another response. A conditioning procedure that reverses an animal’s previous response to a stimulus.

Ex: you cannot be relaxed and anxious at the same time so you reward relaxation

44
Q

What is the sensitive period for dog-dog interactions?

A

3-8 weeks

45
Q

What is the sensitive period for dog-human interactions?

A

5-12 weeks

46
Q

What is the sensitive period for dogs to explore novel experiences?

A

10-20 weeks

47
Q

Puppies handled by what age are most responsive to humans.

A

5-7 weeks

48
Q

Puppies not handled by what age are fearful of humans and never form close attachements.

A

14 weeks

49
Q

What are the negative effects of seperating a puppy from its mother at 6 weeks of age?

A

Poor physical condition
Lack superior human bonding
More at risk for anxiety related issues

50
Q

What age should you adopt puppies?

A

12-14 weeks

51
Q

If a dog turns its head away from another dog at a dog park, what is it saying?

A

Deference to other dog, submission

52
Q

If you see retraction of the commissure with exposure the mouthful of teeth, is this a dominent or submissive dog?

A

Submissive

53
Q

What is the most submissive position for a dog?

A

Lying down, especially rolling over

54
Q

What is metacommunication?

A

A form of communication in which information is provided that modifies the meaning of subsequent communication such as the play bow

55
Q

What is the most common motivation for dog aggression directed at people?

A

Fear/ anxiety

56
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a reason for dog aggression directed at humans?
Fear
Possession
Maternal
Pain
Dominance
A

Dominance

57
Q

What is the age of onset of social maturity for a younger dog?

A

18-24 months

58
Q

What is the sensitive period for cats?

A

2-7 weeks

59
Q

Do cats live a solitary/ asocial lifestyle?

A

No. Cats form social relationships and have social interactions

60
Q

When two cats approach each other with the tail up, what are they going to do?

A

Allorub

61
Q

What is the most common cause of cat aggression directed at people?

A

Play aggression

62
Q

What med do you treat with for petting intolerance to facilitate positive interactions?

A

Buspirone

63
Q

What drug should NOT be used for the aggressive confident cat?

A

Buspirone, only for the victim cat

64
Q

After what age is it detrimental to raise cats without interaction with other cats?

A

5-6 weeks

65
Q

How do you treat aggressive, confident cats?

A

SSRIs: Fluoxetine
TCAs: Clomipramine (clomicalm)
Hormones

66
Q

What drug should be used for the aggressive fearful cat?

A

Antianxiety meds: buspirone

67
Q

If someone is standing over a dog and reaching toward it and talking in baby talk and it pees, what is causing the urination?

A

Submissive urination

68
Q

If the owner comes home and the dog starts circling and peeing, what type of urination is this?

A

Excitement urination

69
Q

Neutering causes a >90% decrease in marking in how many dogs?

A

25-40%

70
Q

Neutering causes a >50% decrease in marking in how many dogs?

A

> 60%

71
Q

At least ___% of cats at some time exhibit an elimination behavior problem.

A

10

72
Q

What is the #1 symptom of cats with seperation anxiety?

A

Urinating outside the litter box

73
Q

What drugs can be used for elimintion or marking problems?

A 
Buspirone (SPAs)
Fluoxetine - Prozac (SSRI)
Paroxetine - Paxil (SSRI)
Sertraline - Zoloft (SSRI)
Amitriptyline - Elvail (TCA)
Clomipramine - Anafranil (TCA)
Benzodiazepine: Alprazolam - Xanax, Diazepam - Valium (Anxiolytics)
Hormones - synthetic progestins
74
Q

If there are 5 cats in the household, how many litterboxes should there be?

A

6 (# of cats +1)

75
Q

Spaying/ neutering decreases the incidence of marking by what percent in cats?

A

89% decrease

76
Q

What type of litter do cats prefer?

A

finely textured clay litter

77
Q

Which is not a CNS structure involved in fear, anxiety, or stress repsonse?

A

Adrenal glands

thalamic tracts, amygdala, and hypothalamus are

78
Q

Why isn’t Ace indicated for things like storms or fireworks?

A

It increases noise sensitivity

79
Q

What does DAP stand for?

A

Dog Appeasing Pheromone

80
Q

The thing that has a special metallic lining to discharge a dogs fur is called:

A

The storm defender cape

81
Q

What are two things that provide gentle, calming pressure to dogs torso that calms them?

A

Anxiety wraps and thundershirts

82
Q

When the dog no longer associates the pre-departure cues with actual departure this is:

A

extinction

83
Q

If you give alprazolam to a dog with separation anxiety and then 30 mins later it starts freaking out, what is this called?

A

paradoxical excitement

84
Q

What is a fast acting drug that can be given during a storm to a storm-phobic dog? What do you need to remember about this drug?

A

benzodiazepines; can cause paradoxical excitement, best to try out the drug prior to when it’s needed

85
Q

What drug can a dog build up a tolerance towards?

A

benzodiazepine

86
Q

What drug can be used to treat separation anxiety in cats?

A

alprazolam, often anxiety is not day-to-day absence but long-term trips

87
Q

What percent of cats that presented to vets for house soiling are 10 years or older?

A

50%

88
Q 
Which of these is not on the senior pet checklist?
Disorientation
Housetraining
Anxiety
Interaction with family members
A

Anxiety - it is secondary to pain or discomfort

89
Q

What is a physical change that occurs in CDS?

A

Degeneration of white matter

90
Q

Name the 2 nutritional supplements that help with CDS?

A

Novifit and Senilife

91
Q

Can anipryl be given for the lifetime of a pet if it works for that pet?

A

yes

92
Q

Can any of the 3 FDA drugs be given at the same time?

A

NO

93
Q

Define obsession

A

A persistent idea, thought, impulse, or image that causes marked anxiety or distress

94
Q

Define compulsion

A

Repetitive behavior or mental act done to prevent or reduce anxiety or distress

95
Q

If a Birman, Siamese, or Burmese cat is presented to you in a clinic, what is the most likely thing it is presented for in terms of compulsive/obsessive behaviors?

A

wool sucking

96
Q

If a Doberman Pinscher is presented to you in a clinic, what is the most likely thing it is presented for in terms of compulsive/obsessive behaviors?

A

flank sucking

97
Q

If a Mini Schnauzer is presented to you in a clinic, what is the most likely thing it is presented for in terms of compulsive/obsessive behaviors?

A

checking hind end, freezing, fly chasing, star gazing

98
Q

If a Irish Setter is presented to you in a clinic, what is the most likely thing it is presented for in terms of compulsive/obsessive behaviors?

A

acral lick granuloma

99
Q

If a German Shepherd is presented to you in a clinic, what is the most likely thing it is presented for in terms of compulsive/obsessive behaviors?

A

tail chasing

100
Q

If a Bull Terrier is presented to you in a clinic, what is the most likely thing it is presented for in terms of compulsive/obsessive behaviors?

A

spinning, freezing

101
Q

What is the brand name for gabapentin?

A

Neurontin

102
Q

What are some effects of chronic stress?

A

Immunosuppression, altered blood flow, displacement behaviors

103
Q

Define CDS

A

cognitive dysfunction syndrome

104
Q

Give examples of benzodiazepine drugs:

A

alprazolam (xanax), clonazepam, diazepam (valium)

105
Q

When should you give a benzodiazepine for separation anxiety?

A

30-60 minutes prior to departure

106
Q

T/F: Acepromazine can be used in conjunction with other medications for separation anxiety

A

True

107
Q

T/F: acepromazine is an anti-anxiety medication

A

False, it is a sedation drug only, use only with other drug therapies; causes increased sensitivity to sounds

Veterinary Animal Behavior (4 decks)

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