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Physics Paper 2 > practice questions > Flashcards

practice questions Flashcards

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1
Q

what type of magnet is a bar magnet an example of?

A

a permanent magnet

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2
Q

describe the relationship between distance and strength of a magnetic field

A

as distance increases, the strength of a magnetic field becomes weaker

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3
Q

explain how the electromagnet and conveyor belt are used to separate steel cans from the aluminium cans

A
  • steel cans are attracted to the electromagnet and are transferred to the container
  • aluminium cans are not attracted to the electromagnet and are left behind on the table
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4
Q

describe two ways to increase the strength of magnetic field at the top of the table

A
  • raise the height of the table
  • use a stronger electromagnet or use a larger current
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5
Q

why is the core made of iron?

A

iron is easily magnetised and demagnetised

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6
Q

why is steel, not iron, used to make permanent magnets?

A

magnetised steel does not lose its magnetism easily

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7
Q

describe how electromagnets are used in a scrapyard crane

A
  • scrap vehicles are lifted in a scrap yard using powerful electromagnets attached to cranes
  • the steel frame of a vehicle sticks to the electromagnet when current passes through the coil of the electromagnet
  • when the current is switched off, the vehicle frame falls of the electromagnet
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8
Q

explain how an electromagnet is used in a circuit breaker

A
  • a circuit breaker is a switch in series with an electromagnet
  • the switch is held closed by a spring
  • when the current is too large, the switch is pulled open by the electromagnet
  • and it stays open until it is reset manually
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9
Q

suggest three changes that would decrease the force acting on the wire

A
  • less current in the wire
  • weaker field
  • rotation of magnets so field is no longer perpendicular to the wire
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10
Q

what type of system uses a liquid to transmit a force?

A

hydraulic system

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11
Q

explain why a loudspeaker cone vibrates when an alternating current flows through the coil

A
  • alternating current creates a magnetic field around the coil
  • this magnetic field interacts with the permanent magnetic field
  • this produces a resultant force and the coil moves
  • when the direction of the current changes, the direction of the force changes to the opposite direction
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12
Q

explain how the ignition circuit works

A
  • closing the ignition switch causes a current to pass through the electromagnet
  • the iron core becomes magnetised
  • the electromagnet attracts the iron arm
  • the iron arm pushes the starter motor contacts together
  • the starter motor circuit is complete
  • a current flows through the starter motor which then turns
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13
Q

explain how a driver wearing a seat belt reduces the risk in the event of an accident

A
  • seat belts are designed to stretch
  • this increases the impact time
  • so reduces the impact force
  • seat belts spread the impact force across the chest
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14
Q

name two features in a car that reduces injury, other than seat belts

A
  • crumple zones
  • padded interior
  • roll cage
  • air bag
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15
Q

what is a force?

A

a push or pull acting on an object due to the interaction with another object

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16
Q

Describe the life cycle of stars much more massive than the Sun, including the formation of new elements.

A
  • fusion processes in stars produce new elements
  • cloud of gas and dust (nebula) pulled together by gravitational attraction
  • causing increasing temperature to start the fusion process and become a protostar
  • hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium nuclei and the star becomes main sequence
  • hydrogen begins to run out and helium nuclei fuse to make heavier elements up to iron
  • the star expands to become a red super giant
  • the star collapses rapidly and explodes called a supernova
  • creating elements heavier than iron
  • and distributing them throughout the universe
  • leaving behind a neutron star or a black hole
17
Q

which property of a star does the range of wavelengths depend on?

A

temperature

18
Q

The alternator from the portable power supply is disconnected from the transformer and
lamp. Explain why the handle of the alternator becomes much easier to turn.

A
  • there is no induced current
  • so no magnetic field
  • to oppose the movement of the coil

Physics Paper 2 (11 decks)

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