Practice question

Question 1

Wound healing at 1 week, what is happening?

after then what happens?

when is wound strength at 80%?

Answer 1

granulation tissue is still present because wound healing isn’t complete

after that more collagen is synthesized.

wound strength at 80% is by 3 months

Question 2

what’s another common place for liquefactive necrosis?

Answer 2

Fallopian tube I guess

Question 3

a child has an insatiable appetite and is drinking tons of fluids, an extremely high serum glucose. what’s the inheritance pattern

Answer 3

multifactorial –> diabetes

Question 4

What nodular deposits can lead to valvular stenosis? why isn’t it lipofuscin

Answer 4

lipofuscin is endogenous in the myocardial fibers, not valves, with aging

dystrophic calcium occurring in damaged tissues involving excessive wear and tear

Question 5

What does activated protein C do? what does this ultimately inhibit the formation of and why?

Answer 5

inactivates 5 and 8

5 CATALYZES THE FORMATION OF PROTHROMBIN TO THROMBIN

Question 6

Tenascin-X, a large multimeric protein of extracellular matrix does what?

so what is it associated with?

Answer 6

affects synthesis off irbil formation of type VI and I collagen.

EDS

Question 7

Which COX is associated with inducible inflammation? what happens if you use medication with this?

Answer 7

COX2

stops inflammation –> mediates pain, fever, vasodilation

Question 8

What interacts with extracellular matrix proteins that leads to focal adhesions where they can link to intracellular cytoskeletal elements?

what does it lead to?

Answer 8

integrin

intracellular signals modulating cell growth, differentiation, and migration during wound healing.

Question 9

What are the 3 acute phase proteins, and what up regulates them?

what do they all do pretty much?

Answer 9

C reactive protein –> IL-6

SAA and Fibrinogen –> TNF and IL1

all are helping increase sedimentation rate (rouleaux) –> but particularly fibrinogen

Question 10

Someone has S. aureus infection, they’re coughing up stuff but 10 days later they aren’t coughing.. but still have a fever. what’s going on?

Answer 10

liquefactive necrosis happened that resulted in an abscess

Question 11

what are naturally occurring variations in DNA sequences that are found in introns and axons?

Answer 11

single nucleotide polymorphisms

Question 12

What is the deficiency for someone who is complaining of cramping when working out

Answer 12

muscle phosphorylase

Question 13

What cell type has the highest telomerase activity? what is special about these cells?

Answer 13

germ cells

the telomere length can be stabilized, hence why sperm lasts for a life time.

Question 14

Hemophilia A is what kind of mutation? How can a girl get it?

Answer 14

X linked

Random X inactivation with the original one still intact

Question 15

Where is lipofuscin found?

Answer 15

particularly in the liver and myocardium –> golden brown color.

Question 16

What is released from dense body granules in platelets?

Answer 16

ADP only –> aggregation of platelets

Question 17

what do glucocorticoids do to wound healing?

Answer 17

inhibit collagen synthesis

Question 18

What mediates the formation of giant cells?

Answer 18

Interferon Gamma is released by macrophages, which mediates granulomatous inflammation

Question 19

dense collagen is seen at what phase of wound healing?

when are macrophages and granulation tissue seen on a wound?

neovascularization is when?

Answer 19

1 month

2-3 days post op

4-5 days post op

Question 20

where are all drugs metabolized? so if you want to measure metabolism what are you going to look for?

Answer 20

liver –> cytochrome P450

Question 21

Difference between ductal metaplasia and lobular metaplasia?

Answer 21

ductal metaplasia is pathologic, lobular is physiologic

Question 22

what do pyrogens do?

Answer 22

induce inflammatory cells to release TNF and IL1 which goes to the hypothalamus, reset it, and signal Prostaglandin synthesis

Question 23

Someone ingests a ton of iron. what is happening and what is damaging the person that has done this?

Answer 23

ferritin reaction, which is creating hydroxyl radicals.

Question 24

first thing that happens after shock after trauma usually?

Answer 24

shock lung –> diffuse alveolar damage

Question 25

there’s a picture showing 3 dots per cell on a FISH diagram and they note horseshoe kidney and an omphalocele. what should you be thinking?

Answer 25

Edwards

Question 26

What’s happening in the uterus when increasing in size?

Answer 26

hypertrophy mostly, but there’s a thin wall on the outside that is involved in hyperplasia

on the exam, just put hyperplasia

Question 27

someone standing for long periods of times have swollen legs.. why?

Answer 27

increased hydrostatic pressure from standing

Question 28

What depends on the hepatocyte’s ability to regenerate?

Answer 28

depends on the viability of the supporting connective tissue framework –> if not injured, regeneration is all it needs.

Question 29

someone hyper coagulates a lot.. organ failure happens, what organ is going to be spared?

Answer 29

liver

Question 30

If there is something given to you that suggests trisomy 21, but the person only exhibits MILD mental retardation, what should you be thinking is the cause?

Answer 30

Mosaicism

Question 31

pancytopenia, what should you be thinking

Answer 31

Nieman pick type A or Gaucher

Question 32

Someone has a productive cough then goes away.. what probably happens?

Answer 32

resolution