Practice question Flashcards
Wound healing at 1 week, what is happening?
after then what happens?
when is wound strength at 80%?
granulation tissue is still present because wound healing isn’t complete
after that more collagen is synthesized.
wound strength at 80% is by 3 months
what’s another common place for liquefactive necrosis?
Fallopian tube I guess
a child has an insatiable appetite and is drinking tons of fluids, an extremely high serum glucose. what’s the inheritance pattern
multifactorial –> diabetes
What nodular deposits can lead to valvular stenosis? why isn’t it lipofuscin
lipofuscin is endogenous in the myocardial fibers, not valves, with aging
dystrophic calcium occurring in damaged tissues involving excessive wear and tear
What does activated protein C do? what does this ultimately inhibit the formation of and why?
inactivates 5 and 8
5 CATALYZES THE FORMATION OF PROTHROMBIN TO THROMBIN
Tenascin-X, a large multimeric protein of extracellular matrix does what?
so what is it associated with?
affects synthesis off irbil formation of type VI and I collagen.
EDS
Which COX is associated with inducible inflammation? what happens if you use medication with this?
COX2
stops inflammation –> mediates pain, fever, vasodilation
What interacts with extracellular matrix proteins that leads to focal adhesions where they can link to intracellular cytoskeletal elements?
what does it lead to?
integrin
intracellular signals modulating cell growth, differentiation, and migration during wound healing.
What are the 3 acute phase proteins, and what up regulates them?
what do they all do pretty much?
C reactive protein –> IL-6
SAA and Fibrinogen –> TNF and IL1
all are helping increase sedimentation rate (rouleaux) –> but particularly fibrinogen
Someone has S. aureus infection, they’re coughing up stuff but 10 days later they aren’t coughing.. but still have a fever. what’s going on?
liquefactive necrosis happened that resulted in an abscess
what are naturally occurring variations in DNA sequences that are found in introns and axons?
single nucleotide polymorphisms
What is the deficiency for someone who is complaining of cramping when working out
muscle phosphorylase
What cell type has the highest telomerase activity? what is special about these cells?
germ cells
the telomere length can be stabilized, hence why sperm lasts for a life time.
Hemophilia A is what kind of mutation? How can a girl get it?
X linked
Random X inactivation with the original one still intact
Where is lipofuscin found?
particularly in the liver and myocardium –> golden brown color.
What is released from dense body granules in platelets?
ADP only –> aggregation of platelets
what do glucocorticoids do to wound healing?
inhibit collagen synthesis
What mediates the formation of giant cells?
Interferon Gamma is released by macrophages, which mediates granulomatous inflammation
dense collagen is seen at what phase of wound healing?
when are macrophages and granulation tissue seen on a wound?
neovascularization is when?
1 month
2-3 days post op
4-5 days post op
where are all drugs metabolized? so if you want to measure metabolism what are you going to look for?
liver –> cytochrome P450
Difference between ductal metaplasia and lobular metaplasia?
ductal metaplasia is pathologic, lobular is physiologic
what do pyrogens do?
induce inflammatory cells to release TNF and IL1 which goes to the hypothalamus, reset it, and signal Prostaglandin synthesis
Someone ingests a ton of iron. what is happening and what is damaging the person that has done this?
ferritin reaction, which is creating hydroxyl radicals.
first thing that happens after shock after trauma usually?
shock lung –> diffuse alveolar damage
there’s a picture showing 3 dots per cell on a FISH diagram and they note horseshoe kidney and an omphalocele. what should you be thinking?
Edwards
What’s happening in the uterus when increasing in size?
hypertrophy mostly, but there’s a thin wall on the outside that is involved in hyperplasia
on the exam, just put hyperplasia
someone standing for long periods of times have swollen legs.. why?
increased hydrostatic pressure from standing
What depends on the hepatocyte’s ability to regenerate?
depends on the viability of the supporting connective tissue framework –> if not injured, regeneration is all it needs.
someone hyper coagulates a lot.. organ failure happens, what organ is going to be spared?
liver
If there is something given to you that suggests trisomy 21, but the person only exhibits MILD mental retardation, what should you be thinking is the cause?
Mosaicism
pancytopenia, what should you be thinking
Nieman pick type A or Gaucher
Someone has a productive cough then goes away.. what probably happens?
resolution
