Practice paper notes Flashcards
Emergency treatment for anaphylaxis
Adrenaline (base) 0.5mg for anaphylaxis 1mg/1ml (1 in 1,000) solution for injection pre-filled syringes
Classes of shock
Drugs that cause hyperkalaemia
- heparins
- ACE inhibitors (-ril)
- Anti-rejection (organ) drugs (tacrolimus, ciclosporin)
- K sparing diuretics - spironolactone, amiloride, and triamterene
- Angiotensin II receptor blockers - Candesartan, Losartan, Azilsartan (-artan)
- NSAIDS
Drugs that should be stopped before surgery
- All that aren’t necessary
- Anti-platelet
- Anti-coag
- Blood thinning
- Contraceptive
- Lithium
- Potassium-sparing diuretic
- Ace-inhibitor
Drugs that are nephrotoxic
- ACE inhibitors
- Allupurinol (gout)
- Ciclosporin
- Abx
- Aminoglycosides - gent
- Nitrofurantoin
- Trimethoprim
- Ciprofloxacin
Drugs that should not be stopped during surgery (rule of thumb)
- Neuro/psych drugs
- Endocrine (steriods/thyriod)
- Immunomodulators
- Cardiovascular
- Glaucoma
- Drugs of dependence
(Corticosteriods Antiepileptics Antiparkinsonian drugs Antipsychotics Anxiolytics Bronchodilators Cardiovascular drugs Glaucoma drugs Immunosuppressants Drugs of dependence Thyroid Antithyroid drugs)
Drugs that cause confusion
- Steriod
- Opiod
- Benzos (diazepam)
- trazodone hydrochloride (psych drugs)
- NSAIDS
- ABx
- Muscle relaxants
Drugs that cause hyperglycaemia
- Steriods
- In diabetes
- B blockers
- Thiazide diuretics
- Anti psychotics
- HIV and AIDS medications
Drugs that cause hyponatraemia
- Thiazide diuretics
- SSRIs
- ACE-inhibitors
- Fluids (dilutional)
- Anti-convulsants (carbamazapine)
Hepatotoxic drugs
- ABx
- Co-amox
- Isoniazid (TB ABx)
- Metformin
- Immunomodulators (Azathioprine, Methotrexate)
- NSAIDs
What drug is typically used for patients in a dystonic crisis?
Procyclidine
Maintenance fluid perscription
- 25-30mls/kg/24 hrs
- 1 mmol/kg/24 hours sodium, chloride (0.9%saline), potassium
- 50–100 g/24 hours glucose (e.g. glucose 5% contains 5 g/100ml)
Long term drugs that should not be stopped aburptly
- Steriods
- Beta Blockers
What range of INR is acceptable before a dose change is required?
+/- 0.5
What does low INR mean
Your blood clots more easily give mucho grande warfrin
Drugs that cause hypokalaemia
- thiazide + loop diuretic
- Insulin
- Steriods
- Beta agonist (salbutamol, metaproterenol)
K sparing diuretics
- Amiloride.
- Eplerenone
- Spironolactone
- Triamterene
Thiazide diuretics
- Chlorothiazide
- Chlorthalidone.
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Indapamide.
- Metolazone.
Loop diuretics
- Bumetanide
- Ethacrynic acid
- Furosemide
- Torsemide
How does metformin work?
- Decreases hepato gluconeogenesis
- Decreases intestinal absorption of glucose
- Increases peripheral glucose uptake and usage = increase glucose sensitivity
How does gliclazide work
- Stimulates beta cells of pancreas to release insulin
- Increases insulin sensitivty
What is difference between monophasic and phasic contraception and why is each given
- Both types of COC
- Monophasic = each pill has the same progesterone and ostrogen in it
- Phasic = not every pill has the same amount of hormone in it
- Monophasic is your standard just give to the woman
- Phasic is reserved for women who do not have withdrawal bleeding (hormonal period or fake period) or who get break through bleeding on monophasic
what is your routine maintenance of:
H2O
Na, K, Cl
glucose
25-30 ml/kg/day H2O
1mmol/kg/day, Na, K, Cl
50-100g/day glucose
Which drugs interact with contraception
All liver enzyme inducers
- ABx (used in TB) THESE ARE REALLY BAD FOR INTERACTING
- rifabutin
- rifampicin
- Anti-epileptics
- carbamazepine
- eslicarbazepine
- oxcarbazepine
- phenytoin
- phenobarbital
- primidone
- topiramate
- HIV meds
- nevirapine
- ritonavir
- OTC
- St Johns Wort
- Anti fungal
- griseofulvin
