practice midterm Flashcards
According to class, parents report being concerned with ____ for their children and children believe their parents are concerned with ____
happiness and moral values; academic and financial achievement
True or False: Heritability is malleable and can change over a person’s lifespan.
true
In the reading on morality in babies, what did scientists measure to infer babies’ preferences for a “good” vs “bad” character?
reaching behavior
What did the reading on bilingualism and executive control discussed in class find regarding the publication of studies with different outcomes?
Studies that showed a bilingual advantage were published more often than studies that showed no effect of bilingualism or a bilingual disadvantage
According to our discussion of Wordbank in class, which of the following statements is true of vocabulary learning in children?
There is a large amount of variability between children with respect to their vocabulary size.
In the longitudinal study of childhood narcissism that we read in class, which of the following predicted increased levels of narcissism in childhood?
Parents telling their child that they are superior to other children
In one study we discussed in class, the concordance of criminality in monozygotic twins is double the concordance found in dizygotic twins. This tells us that
when it comes to criminality, monozygotic twins are more similar to one another than dizygotic twins
Which reinforcement schedule, used by casinos, would be most likely to increase the frequency of a behavior whether good (brushing your teeth!) or bad (complaining!)?
variable ratio reinforcement
True or False: Children as young as 3 are faster when asked to associate their own group with positive words than when asked to associate another social group with positive words, but only for real-world groups
false, they also associate positive words with “false” groups
In the false belief task, children watch as one character (e.g., Sally) hides a toy in a container (e.g., a box), as another character (e.g., Ann) watches. Ann then leaves, and Sally moves the toy from the box to another container (e.g., as basket). Using this method, psychologists have found that:
children under the age of 3 guess that Ann will later search for the toy in the basket, demonstrating that children draw on their own beliefs, rather than on Ann’s beliefs
According to behavior genetics, which is most accurate for many psychological traits?
genetic variability and environmental variability play roughly equal roles in explaining phenotypic variability
True or False: Compassion can be defined as sensitivity to other’s mental states and a desire to respect them.
true
The goal of John B. Watson when he conducted the Little Albert experiment was to:
demonstrate that almost any behavior can be learned
According to the class, which of the following is NOT an important principle you should focus on when teaching your child to count?
numbers should be sung in a song like the alphabet
The metaphor of parents as gardeners (as opposed to carpenters) advocates for which of the following role for parents:
create a safe, rich space for children to explore possibilities
