Practice in Class Quiz Flashcards
Fluid matrix in Blood
Plasma
Loss of (or low number of) red blood cells
Anemia
Also called spongy bone
Cancellous bone
A directional term (in animals) meaning towards the head
Cranial
An imaginary plane passing through the body dividing it into equal right and left halves
Upper and lower
The knee is ____ to the foot
Proximal
The hoof is ____ to the knee
Distal
In mammals, only ____ are without a nucleus
Red blood cells
Power packs of the cell
Mitochondria
Cell division for somatic cells
Mitosis
Specified cells grouped together
Tissue
Cells that specialize in conducting impulses
Neurons
Various tissues associated in functional groups
Organs
Tissue that covers the surface of the body, lines the body cavities, covers viscera, inside lining of blood vessels, heart, inside lining of viscera, inside lining of respiratory, passages, active parts of glands and urinary system
Epithelial
Tissue that supports and binds other tissues together
Connective
Tissue specializing in contracting
Muscle
Flat, plate-like cells found where a smooth surface is required (i.e. coverings of viscera)
Simple squamous epithelium
Epithelial cells found in some ducts of glands and in passageways in kidneys
Simple cuboidal
Tall, narrow epithelial cells which perform secretory and absorptive functions
Simple columnar
Epithelial that lines the urinary bladder
Transitional
When boiled, it yields gelatin
Collagen
Fat
Adipose
Commonly called “gristle”
Cartilage
The three types of cartilage
- Fibrous cartilage: Intervertebral disks, mandibular symphysis, pelvis symphysis. meniscus of human knee
- Hyaline cartilage: Covering the ends of long bones and makes up the growth plate of young growing animals
- Elastic cartilage: External ear, epiglottis
Small, irregularly-shaped particles associated with clotting of blood
Platelets
Nerve cell body
Soma/cyton
Make up the CNS
Brain and spinal cord
Nerve process which carries impulses away from nerve cell body
Axon
Cavity with the diaphragm at its most caudal point
Thoracic
The connections between neurons
Synapses
The deep, connective tissue portion of the skin that contains blood vessels, glands, and hair follicles
Dermis
Composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, it is the outermost layer of skin
Epidermis
The thin membrane in the thoracic cavity that covers the thoracic organs and line the cavity
Pleura
Top of head between the bases of the ears
Poll
Area at the base of the neck between the front legs that covers the cranial end of the sternum
Brisket
A mature cartilage cell
Chondrocyte
A directional term used only for extremities of the body. It implies a position directed away from the body proper
Distal
Believed to be the vestigial remnants of metacarpal and metatarsal pads, these are the horny, keratinized growths located behind the fetlocks of all equids
Ergots
Area dorsal to the scapula
Withers
Voluntary muscle
Skeletal muscle
Type of muscle found in the walls of many soft internal organs, urinary bladder, uterus - its cells are linked to form large sheets that show rhythmic waves of contraction without external nerve stimulation
Smooth muscle
An anatomical reference plane across the body that divides it into cranial and caudal parts that are not necessarily equal
Transverse
The keratinized visible portion of hair that extends above the surface of the epithelium
Shaft
Non-reproductive cells found throughout the body, containing a diploid number of chromosomes and replicating through mitosis
Somatic cells
A directional term used only for extremities of the body. It implies a position or direction towards the body proper
Proximal
A mature bone cell
Osteocyte
Cells that initiate and conduct nerve impulses
Neurons
Thin, watery secretions; Transudates
False/serous
A cell located within the lower epidermis that processes tyrosinase and melanin
Melanocyte
Pigments whose production is stimulated by sunlight and found in the skin, hair, and choroid of the eye
Melanin
Cells located in small numbers within the epidermal-dermal junction and whose function is to aid in tactile sensory perception
Merkel’s cell
A tough, waterproof protein that makes up scales, the outer sheaths of beaks and claws, and feathers; a major component of the epidermis, nails, hair, horns, and hooves
Keratin
The outer covering of the body, consisting of the skin and all of its related components such as nails, hair, hooves, and horns
Integument
A state of equilibrium maintained in the body by feedback and regulatory processes in response to internal and external changes
Homeostasis
General term for a reproductive cell
Gamete
Thin, dome-shaped sheet of muscle that forms the boundary between the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Diaphragm
A directional term meaning toward the surface of the body or a body part
External/Superficial
Tactile nerve endings located within the sub-cutaneous tissue of the skin. These nerves can sense deep and heavy pressure, as well as a stretch
Pacinian corpuscle
The study of the force and structure of an animal body and its parts
Anatomy
Glands that release their secretions through ducts that lead directly to the location intended to be controlled
Exocrine
The pH of pure water
7
Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity
Peritonitis
The study of cells
Cytology
The study of tissues
Histology
The thick triangular pad located plantar and palmar surfaces of the horse’s hooves. It is one of the important structures of the “circulatory pump” in the equine foot
Frog
Is a macrophage specific to the epidermis
Langerhans
Inflammation of the dermis and epidermis caused by tiny mites
Mange
Infoldings of the skin found in sheep. They are located in the front of the eyes, between the digits above the hooves, and in the groin
Sebaceous glands
Gland is thought to assist animals animals in identifying one another
Tail
The interdigitations between the corium and hoof that serve as the attachment sites between the hoof and the coffin bone
Laminae
The ___ is the plantar or palmar surface of the hoof. It is concave and fills the space bordered by the wall and the bars
Sole
Are found on the heads of the male members of the deer family (with the exception of reindeer, where the females also have them). They’re made of bone and sprout from the pedicle, a bony platform-type of growth located just above the animal’s skull
Antlers
Found on bighorn sheep, bison, and many other bovine, are two-port structure. An interior of bone (also an extension of the skull) is covered by an exterior sheath grown by specialized hair follicles, as are your fingernails. With most animals they never shed and continue to grow throughout the animal’s life
Horns
Parts of a horse’s hoof
Bulbs of heel, quarters, frog, sole, toe
Basic external anatomy terms of the equine
Barrel, stifle, fetlock, gaskin, withers, coronet, poll
Skin terms
Pacinian corpuscle, hair shaft, subcutaneous tissue, melanocytes, dermis, epidermis
What is the name of the “hormone” produced by the largest organ of the body
Vitamin D
More fibers is another name for
Axons
The largest part of the brain is the
Cerebrum
A polarized neuron in its resting state has
High sodium ion concentrate on the outside of the cell membrane and high potassium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane
A somatic reflex involves
Skeletal muscle contraction
The part of the CNS that controls coordinated movement, balance, and posture is the
Cerebellum
Hypermetria result from injury to the
Cerebellum
The hole running through the center of the spinal column is the
Central canal
