Practice Genetics

Question 1

What is the molecule that genes are made up of called?

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

Use the words “Gene” “chromosome” and “nucleus” in a sentence that explains how they relate to each other

Answer 2

Chromosomes are located in the nucleus that makes up a gene

Question 3

What is the process called that allows the body to make new cells and replace cells that need repair?

Answer 3

Mitosis

Question 4

When are chromosomes only visible?

Answer 4

When the DNA replicates

Question 5

What is the process called that makes sex cells?

Answer 5

Meiosis

Question 6

Name of the male and female sex cells

Answer 6

Female = egg, Male = sperm

Question 7

Cells in your body that are not sex cells are called?

Answer 7

Somatic cells

Question 8

Chromosome pairs that have the same type and match up are called?

Answer 8

Homologous

Question 9

Sex chromosomes of the male and female are?

Answer 9

Female - XX, Male - XY

Question 10

Looking at a Karyotype of someone that has trisomy 21, what would you notice?

Answer 10

They would have 3 number 21 chromosomes

Question 11

The condition that has trisomy is called?

Answer 11

Down Syndrome

Question 12

What are telomeres?

Answer 12

Telomeres are caps on the tip of DNA, it helps the DNA to replicate well

Question 13

How many chromosomes make up a regular human body?

Answer 13

46

Question 14

The process of dividing the nucleus is called?

Answer 14

Cell division

Question 15

What is the difference between a Diploid cell and a Haploid cell?

Answer 15

Diploid has a full set of chromosomes, Haploid only has half

Question 16

Why are diploid cells also 2n cells?

Answer 16

They are because they create double

Question 17

Meiosis creates Haploid cells, why?

Answer 17

Stops the doubling of chromosomes during fertilisation

Question 18

Give two reasons why variation is so important in populations

Answer 18

Survival of species

Handles changes

Question 19

What is the name of the process where chromosome material swaps over in Meiosis?

Answer 19

Crossing over

Question 20

The stage of mitosis where the chromosomes line up at the equator and spindle fibres attach at centromere is called?

Answer 20

Metaphase

Question 21

Whereby adenine always binds to thymine and cytosine always binds to guanine

Answer 21

Base pairing rule

Question 22

Half the number of chromosomes in a gamete

Answer 22

Haploid

Question 23

Adenine, thymine, cytosine + guanine (uracil in RNA)

Answer 23

Nitrogenous bases

Question 24

Involves the joining together of male and female reproductive cells

Answer 24

Sexual reproduction

Question 25

Thread-like structures inside the nucleus of a cell

Answer 25

Chromosome

Question 26

Molecules made of nucleotides linked in a chain (includes RNA and DNA)

Answer 26

Nuclear Acid

Question 27

Central part of an atom that contains DNA

Answer 27

Nucleus

Question 28

Diagram that shows the family tree for a particular inherited characteristic

Answer 28

Pedigree

Question 29

The ability of an organism to survive the actions or effects of a certain activity

Answer 29

Resistance

Question 30

A trait that will only be shown if there is no dominant allele present (lower case letter)

Answer 30

Recessive trait

Question 31

Alternative forms of a gene for a particular characteristic

Answer 31

Alleles

Question 32

Chromosomes that don't match

Answer 32

Non - homologous

Question 33

Having two different for a characteristic, also know as a carrier

Answer 33

Heterozygous

Question 34

A mutation that occurs at the level of DNA bases

Answer 34

Point mutation

Question 35

Genetic instructions inherited from parents

Answer 35

Genotype

Question 36

Define genotype

Answer 36

Cannot be seen

Question 37

Define phenotype

Answer 37

Visible Determined by two things Genotype and environment

Question 38

What are Alleles

Answer 38

Is an alternative form or expression of a gene

Question 39

Heterozygous

Answer 39

If the two alleles for a gene are different they are heterozygous eg Bb

Question 40

Homozygous

Answer 40

If the two alleles for a gene are the same they are homozygous Eg BB

Question 41

What is sex linked

Answer 41

Gene for some traits are located on the sex chromosomes are called sex linked

Question 42

Complete dominance

Answer 42

Dominant trait makes recesssive

Question 43

Co Dominance

Answer 43

Neither allele is dominant over the other | Characteristics of both alleles

Question 44

Incomplete dominance

Answer 44

``` Mixed alleles Eg Cr Cr = red flower Cw Cw = white flower Cr Cw = pink ```

Question 45

What are the shaded shapes on a pedigreee

Answer 45

Lower case for both alleles, recessive

Question 46

What's a mutation?

Answer 46

Errors or changes in DNA, genes or chromosomes

Question 47

Somatic Mutations

Answer 47

Alteration to DNA that occurs in body cells

Question 48

Germlime mutations

Answer 48

Alteration to DNA occurring in gametes

Question 49

Mutagen

Answer 49

An agent that causes a genetic mutation (change) | Eg UV rays

Question 50

Deletion

Answer 50

Deletion is when nucleotide is removed

Question 51

Duplication

Answer 51

Section of DNA is doubled

Question 52

Inversion

Answer 52

Section of DNA is reversed

Question 53

Insertion

Answer 53

Nucleotide is added on

Question 54

Substitution

Answer 54

A nucleotide is replaced with a different one

Question 55

What are some mutations that may be harmful

Answer 55

Down syndrome

Question 56

Advantageous - sickle cell

Answer 56

A disease associated with a mutation in the gene that codes for red blood cells