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Science - Human Biography > Practice Genetics > Flashcards

Practice Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the molecule that genes are made up of called?

A

DNA

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2
Q

Use the words “Gene” “chromosome” and “nucleus” in a sentence that explains how they relate to each other

A

Chromosomes are located in the nucleus that makes up a gene

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3
Q

What is the process called that allows the body to make new cells and replace cells that need repair?

A

Mitosis

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4
Q

When are chromosomes only visible?

A

When the DNA replicates

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5
Q

What is the process called that makes sex cells?

A

Meiosis

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6
Q

Name of the male and female sex cells

A

Female = egg, Male = sperm

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7
Q

Cells in your body that are not sex cells are called?

A

Somatic cells

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8
Q

Chromosome pairs that have the same type and match up are called?

A

Homologous

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9
Q

Sex chromosomes of the male and female are?

A

Female - XX, Male - XY

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10
Q

Looking at a Karyotype of someone that has trisomy 21, what would you notice?

A

They would have 3 number 21 chromosomes

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11
Q

The condition that has trisomy is called?

A

Down Syndrome

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12
Q

What are telomeres?

A

Telomeres are caps on the tip of DNA, it helps the DNA to replicate well

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13
Q

How many chromosomes make up a regular human body?

A

46

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14
Q

The process of dividing the nucleus is called?

A

Cell division

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15
Q

What is the difference between a Diploid cell and a Haploid cell?

A

Diploid has a full set of chromosomes, Haploid only has half

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16
Q

Why are diploid cells also 2n cells?

A

They are because they create double

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17
Q

Meiosis creates Haploid cells, why?

A

Stops the doubling of chromosomes during fertilisation

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18
Q

Give two reasons why variation is so important in populations

A

Survival of species

Handles changes

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19
Q

What is the name of the process where chromosome material swaps over in Meiosis?

A

Crossing over

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20
Q

The stage of mitosis where the chromosomes line up at the equator and spindle fibres attach at centromere is called?

A

Metaphase

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21
Q

Whereby adenine always binds to thymine and cytosine always binds to guanine

A

Base pairing rule

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22
Q

Half the number of chromosomes in a gamete

A

Haploid

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23
Q

Adenine, thymine, cytosine + guanine (uracil in RNA)

A

Nitrogenous bases

24
Q

Involves the joining together of male and female reproductive cells

A

Sexual reproduction

25
Q

Thread-like structures inside the nucleus of a cell

A

Chromosome

26
Q

Molecules made of nucleotides linked in a chain (includes RNA and DNA)

A

Nuclear Acid

27
Q

Central part of an atom that contains DNA

A

Nucleus

28
Q

Diagram that shows the family tree for a particular inherited characteristic

A

Pedigree

29
Q

The ability of an organism to survive the actions or effects of a certain activity

A

Resistance

30
Q

A trait that will only be shown if there is no dominant allele present (lower case letter)

A

Recessive trait

31
Q

Alternative forms of a gene for a particular characteristic

A

Alleles

32
Q

Chromosomes that don’t match

A

Non - homologous

33
Q

Having two different for a characteristic, also know as a carrier

A

Heterozygous

34
Q

A mutation that occurs at the level of DNA bases

A

Point mutation

35
Q

Genetic instructions inherited from parents

A

Genotype

36
Q

Define genotype

A

Cannot be seen

37
Q

Define phenotype

A

Visible
Determined by two things
Genotype and environment

38
Q

What are Alleles

A

Is an alternative form or expression of a gene

39
Q

Heterozygous

A

If the two alleles for a gene are different they are heterozygous eg Bb

40
Q

Homozygous

A

If the two alleles for a gene are the same they are homozygous
Eg BB

41
Q

What is sex linked

A

Gene for some traits are located on the sex chromosomes are called sex linked

42
Q

Complete dominance

A

Dominant trait makes recesssive

43
Q

Co Dominance

A

Neither allele is dominant over the other

Characteristics of both alleles

44
Q

Incomplete dominance

A 
Mixed alleles 
Eg 
Cr Cr = red flower 
Cw Cw = white flower 
Cr Cw = pink
45
Q

What are the shaded shapes on a pedigreee

A

Lower case for both alleles, recessive

46
Q

What’s a mutation?

A

Errors or changes in DNA, genes or chromosomes

47
Q

Somatic Mutations

A

Alteration to DNA that occurs in body cells

48
Q

Germlime mutations

A

Alteration to DNA occurring in gametes

49
Q

Mutagen

A

An agent that causes a genetic mutation (change)

Eg UV rays

50
Q

Deletion

A

Deletion is when nucleotide is removed

51
Q

Duplication

A

Section of DNA is doubled

52
Q

Inversion

A

Section of DNA is reversed

53
Q

Insertion

A

Nucleotide is added on

54
Q

Substitution

A

A nucleotide is replaced with a different one

55
Q

What are some mutations that may be harmful

A

Down syndrome

56
Q

Advantageous - sickle cell

A

A disease associated with a mutation in the gene that codes for red blood cells

Science - Human Biography (1 decks)

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