Practice FRQs for Finals 2022

Question 1

1. a) Describe at least six characteristics of living things.
   b) Why is it important for an organism to maintain homeostasis?
   c) What role does negative feedback play in maintaining homeostasis?
   d) Provide an example of negative feedback and how it helps maintain a stable internal environment.

Question 2

2. a) List the 4 types of organic macromolecules (aka polymers).
   b) Describe (or draw) the basic shape and at least one common function of each type of macromolecule.
   c) Also list the building blocks (monomers) of each type of polymer.
   d) Provide at least two examples of each type of polymer.

Question 3

3. a) What are enzymes, and how are they important to living things?
   b) Explain why a lock and key are used to describe the way an enzyme works.
   c) How might a significant change in pH or temperature affect the function of an enzyme such as lactase?
   d) How does the lock and key model differ from the induced fit model of enzyme action? Diagrams are encouraged.

Question 4

4. a) Define the term electronegativity.
   b) Use the concept of electronegativity to explain what it means when scientists say water is a polar molecule? Be sure to include a diagram that illustrates the polar nature of water.
   c) Describe the properties of cohesion and adhesion. Give an example of each property.

Question 5

5. a) List the three components of cell theory.
   b) Then describe at least two similarities and two differences between eukaryotes vs prokaryotes.
   c) Provide examples of both classifications of organisms.
   d) Briefly describe how a cell is like a factory.

Question 6

6. a) Compare and contrast diffusion to osmosis.
   b) Describe why both processes are considered passive transport.
   c) Give an example of each process. Diagrams are necessary.

Question 7

7. a) Draw a section of the cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer). Label the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the membrane.
   b) Use the terms fluid mosaic model and selectively permeable to describe the structure and function of cell membrane.

Question 8

8. a) Write out the chemical equation for photosynthesis.
   b) Identify the reactants and the products in the chemical equation.
   c) Briefly describe the goal of photosynthesis (i.e. what does the process of photosynthesis do for plants, algae, etc.?).
   d) Summarize what happens during the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle.
   e) How do the events in the Calvin cycle depend on the light-dependent reactions?

Question 9

9. Use the following terms to describe how light energy is converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis. Pigments, Electron Transport Chain (ETC), ATP Synthase, ATP, NADPH, Glucose, Calvin Cycle