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Immuno final > Practice Final > Flashcards

Practice Final Flashcards

1
Q

In vaccination, both antibody and T cell responses seem to depend on the innate immune system. (T/F)

A

True

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2
Q

In vaccination, only antibody responses seem to depend on the innate immune system. (T/F)

A

False

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3
Q

In vaccination, only T cell responses seem to depend on the innate immune system. (T/F)

A

False

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4
Q

Immunity acquired through passive immunotherapy is best described by?

A

Transfer of antibodies formed by immune individual or animal

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5
Q
  1. In active immunization how can effectiveness be checked?
A

By measuring neutrophil levels in the blood

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6
Q

In order to produce memory killer T cells with a vaccine, which of the following is true?

A

Infected cell must present antigen on MHC I

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7
Q

Most vaccines are believed to confer protection through what mechanism?

A

Neutralizing antibodies

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8
Q

Adjuvants may trigger autoimmune responses that may lead to autoimmune disease. (T/F)

A

True

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9
Q

What is the most common adjuvant in human vaccines?

A

Aluminum

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10
Q

Tetanus vaccine is an example of which of the following?

A

Toxoid vaccine

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11
Q

Diptheria vaccine is an example of which of the following?

A

Toxoid vaccine

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12
Q

Small Pox, Measles, Mumps, Rubbella vaccines are an example of which of the following?

A

Attenuated vaccine

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13
Q

Hep B vaccine is an example of which of the following?

A

Recombinant gene vaccine (subunit)

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14
Q

Flu, Tyhpoid Fever, Pertursiss vaccines are an example of which of the following?

A

Killed vaccine

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15
Q

Transfer of preformed antibodies from mother to fetus can confer what type of immunity?

A

Passive (also animal antisera)

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16
Q

Recover from disease always leads to immunity. (T/F)

A

false

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17
Q

Which of the cytokines is anti-inflammatory?

A

IL-10

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18
Q

The yellow fever vaccine activates multiple toll like receptors on dendritic cells(T/F)

A

True

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19
Q

In an allergic response, the what cells contribute to the response in what order from fastest to slowest?

A

mast cells > basophils > eosinophils

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20
Q

In an allergic response, the what cells contribute to the response in what order from slowest to fastest?

A

eosinophils > basophils >mast cell

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21
Q

Contact with soil microbes early in life is thought to be associated with?

A

Shift to Th-1 bias; from the Th2 Bias assoicated with mothers/fetuses

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22
Q

Avoidance of Contact with soil microbes early in life is thought to be associated with?

A

Allergies and Asthma

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23
Q

Atopic Allergies are associated with which Th bias?

A

Th2 (IgE) (IL-4, IL05, IL-13 & inflammation)

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24
Q

Non Atopic alergies are assocaited with which Th bias?

A

TH1 (IgG Ab) (TNF, IL-2)

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25
Q

what has been observed influencing autoimmune diseases frequently following what event?

A

infections

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26
Q

What is associated with aluminum intake?

A

Anemia & Inflammation

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27
Q

Which diseases thats vaccinated is most common in this day and age?

A

Rotavirus

28
Q

Which vaccines are common?

A 
Pneumococcus;
Rotavirus (MC)
Varicella
HPV
Influenze
29
Q

HIV, what allows the virus to evade the immune system defenses?

A

High mutation rate

30
Q

Measles outbreaks have occurred in highly vaccinated populations.

A

True

31
Q

what percentage is needed for heard immunity? Which is a common perecnt?

A

70% minimum; 85% common

32
Q

The majority of individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis will develop an active TB infection in their lifetime. (T/F)

A

Fasle

33
Q

5-10% individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis will develop an active TB infection in their lifetime. (T/F)

A

True

34
Q

The majority of individuals are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis will develop an active TB infection in their lifetime. (T/F)

A

Fasle (1/3 infected)

35
Q

What is an acute potentially life-threatening complication of an infection than can lead to multiple organ failure?

A

Sepsis

36
Q

Single gene mutation can cause immunodeficiency?

A

True

(results in non-functioning CD40 on B cells, or Cd40L on T helpers)

No class switching therefore mainly Igm

37
Q

DeGeorge Syndrome is associated with?

A

No T cell Function

38
Q

Serve Immunodifficeiny Sydrome (SCIDSS) is associated with?

A

(B/Tcell non-functioning)

39
Q

Which immune cells have never been shown to have antitumor effects?

A

Mast cells

40
Q

Which immune cells have been shown to have antitumor and tumour effects?

A

B cells
Neutrophils
Macrophages

41
Q

Which immune cells have never been shown to have protumor effects?

A

Natural killer cells

42
Q

What is it about the human immunodeficiency virus that allows it to successfully evade our immune system?

A

High mutation rate

43
Q

If a particular genetic defect has never been observed in humans, what would you conclude?

A

It is lethal

44
Q

What immune cells are quick acting, recognize diverse target structures, and in vitro have been shown to destroy some cancer cells?

A

Natural killer cells

45
Q

What immune cells are quick acting, recognize diverse target structures, and in vitro and vivo(mouse) have been shown to destroy some cancer cells?

A

Macrophages

46
Q

What is the function of RAG-2 protein?

A

Necessary to assemble both B and T cell receptors

47
Q

In humans with cancer, higher lymphocyte counts associated with tumor are associated with longer survival.(T/F)

A

True

48
Q

What is a common cause of cancer?

A

Multiple mutations (usually 2)

49
Q

What increases cancer risks?

A

Chronic Infection

50
Q

What are examples of a type II hypersensitivity reaction?

A 
Hemolytic Anemia (RBC phagocytosis)
Rheamtoid Heart Disease
51
Q

What are examples of a type III hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Arthus Reactions

Lupus

52
Q

What are examples of a type I hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Allergies

53
Q

What are examples of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH)
TB, Fungi, Viruses, Bactera, Poison Ivy (dermatitis), Chrons

Cell Meadiated Cytotoxicity
Viral Hepititis/ Rejection of organs

54
Q

What are the name/antibodies of type I hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Immediate/Allergies; IgE

54% of pop affected

55
Q

What are the name/antibodies of type II hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Antibody Mediated; IgG/IgM

Complement; Antibody dependant cytotoxicity

56
Q

What are the name/antibodys of type III hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Immune Complex mediated; IgM and or IgG

*inflamation; remote & localized (arthus reactions)

57
Q

What are the name/antibodys of type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Tcell Mediated;

Delayed Type Hyper.
Cd4 + T helpers (TH1 and INFy)

Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity
CD8 + Killer T (perforin/granemzye B)

58
Q

What hypersensitivity is T cell mediated?

A

Type IV

59
Q

What when stimulated, can shut down inflammation by inhibiting cytokine release from macrophages?

A

Vagus nerve

60
Q

What is the source of acetylcholine that binds to macrophages in the spleen, attenuating the cytokine release associated with inflammation?

A

Chat + T cells in the spleen

61
Q

Most “flus” are associated with infection with influenza organism (T/F)

A

False

on slide w/flu Vaccines;
ferbrile seizures, Severe allergies, Guillene Bare Syndome

62
Q

Vagal nerve stimulation improved survival in mice with peritonitis associated with perforation of intestines.(T/F)

A

True

63
Q

Animals deficient in what are exquisitely sensitive to inflammatory challenges because they overproduce cytokines?

A 
Vagal nerve activity
Vitamen D (lack of control)
64
Q

A increase in heart rate variability is associated with which of the following?

A

Increased parasympathetic tone

65
Q

Cell migration within secondary lymphoid organs is controlled in part by neural signals.

A

a. True

Immuno final (1 decks)

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