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Mammo Practice Final > Practice Final 1 > Flashcards

Practice Final 1 Flashcards

1
Q

All clinical breast examination (CBE) and breast self examination (BSE) are similar in that both

A

involve looking and feeling for changes in the breast

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2
Q

the most common cause of under compression is

A

inadequate compression by the mammographer

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3
Q

ductal papilloma is

A

benign growths involving the milk ducts

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4
Q

the large air gap used in magnification functions to:

  1. increase scatter
  2. improve contrast
  3. reduce scatter
A
  1. improve contrast

3. reduce scatter

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5
Q

in high contrast imaging or conventional imaging

A

bright light is needed to see skin detail

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6
Q

which of the following could be used when imaging extremely small breasts in the CC position

A

spatula

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7
Q

in the TAN projection, any tube angulation will depend on

A

the location of the abnormality

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8
Q

a small but growing cancer is often not obvious to the individual because it often presents as

A

a painless mass

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9
Q

mammography is more accurate in

A

postmenopausal women

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10
Q

in taking medical history, hormone use (both natural and artificial) are taken into account because

A
  1. hormones cause breast cancer
  2. early menarche can increase breast cancer risks
  3. contraceptive use can increase breast cancer risk
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11
Q

one major difference between collimation in mammography and collimation in general radiography is that

A

in mammography the entire image receptor area is exposed

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12
Q

the fatty versus fibroglandular nature of breast tissue is affected by which of the following:

  1. age
  2. hormone use
  3. number of pregnancies
A

1, 2 and 3

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13
Q

in compression on the XCCL projection, the affected arm should

A

be raised, with hand resting/holding on bar of unit

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14
Q

in the CC projection the pectoral muscle is seen

A

all the time

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15
Q

between ages 20-39 women should have a CBE every

A

3 years

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16
Q

regardless of the reason, if the proper amount of compression cannot be applied which of the following must apply

A

it must be noted on the patient’s history form

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17
Q

which section of the breast is poorly visualized on the CC projection

A

lateral

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18
Q

identify the projection in figure 6-2

A

MLO

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19
Q

which projection could be used to demonstrate a deep medial lesion not seen on the CC

A

XCCL

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20
Q

after a routine four-projection mammography series, the nipple is not seen in profile on any of the images. Additional projections are done if:

  1. the nipple is indistinguishable from a mass
  2. a subareolar abnormality is suspected
  3. the nipple is not marked with a BB
A

1, 2, and 3

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21
Q

identify the projection in figure 6-3

A

XCCL

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22
Q

your patient’s sister had breast cancer. your patient is considered to have

A

a greater risk for breast cancer

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23
Q

the MQSA mandated that the average glandular dose received per projection/position during routine film-screen mammography cannot exceed

A

300mrad

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24
Q

when imaging an extremely dense breast using AEC, the exposure sometimes terminates, resulting in an underexposed image because of the action of the

A

back up timer

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25
Q

montgomery glands are specialized

A

sebaceous gland

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26
Q

a woman taking estrogen replacement therapy may notice changes in the breast such as

  1. breast enlargement
  2. lumpy breasts
  3. cysts
A

1, 2, and 3

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27
Q

paget disease of the breast is a(an)

A

form of carcinoma associated with changes of the nipple

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28
Q

variation in compression levels causes:

  1. inadequate exposure on one portion of the breast
  2. over or underexposure in other portions of the breast
  3. adequate exposure throughout the breast
A

1 and 2

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29
Q

what is the major disadvantage of magnification

A

none of the above

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30
Q

selection of rhodium anode/filter combination for a fatty breast:

  1. over-penetrates the fatty breast
  2. alters the penetrating power of the beam
  3. results in loss of subject contrast
A

1, 2, and 3

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31
Q

when imaging the breast using the MLO projection, drooping breasts can be a result of which of the following:

  1. too much compression of the anterior breast
  2. too little compression of the anterior breast
  3. too much axilla included in the compression field
A

2 and 3

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32
Q

in which of the following modified projection is the superior surface of the breast rolled medially

A

RM

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33
Q

factor that lower breast cancer risk including

  1. having your first child after age 30
  2. breast-feeding your child
  3. late menarche
A

1 and 3

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34
Q

the minimum and maximum kVp of a mammography unit depends on which main factors

A

target and filtration material selected

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35
Q

gynecomastia defines

A

increased breast tissue in the male breast

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36
Q

total filtration with a rhodium target filtration combination is

A

the added filtration plus the inherent filtration

37
Q

total filtration with a rhodium target filtration combination is

A

the added filtration plus the inherent filtration

38
Q

the inframammary crease is located at approximately the level of the

A

6th-7th rib

39
Q

identify cooper’s ligament in figure 6-4

A

site b

40
Q

identify the lactiferous sinus in figure 6-4

A

site c

41
Q

scattered radiation is reduced during magnification mammography by

A

using the air-gap technique

42
Q

ductography can be used to determine:

  1. the location of the lesions in the ducts
  2. if a lesion is benign or malignant
  3. changes or abnormalities associated with the ducts
A

1 and 3

43
Q

in the CC projection, a technique especially useful in maximizing he amount of lateral breast tissue imaged on the small breasted patient with rounded shoulders is

A

5 degree lateral tube angulations

44
Q

during magnification, positioning the breast away from the image receptor utilizes which law/principle in scatter reduction

A

inverse square law

45
Q

a woman with one first-degree relative with breast cancer has a higher risk for breast cancer than a woman with:

  1. early menarche
  2. a personal history of breast cancer
  3. late menopause
A

1 and 3

46
Q

the primary purpose of the grid in mammography is to

A

increase subject contrast

47
Q

the primary purpose of the grid in mammography is to

A

increase subject contrast

48
Q

the implant displaces (ID) projection is possible on all of the following cases except:

A

encapsulated implants

49
Q

a palpable mass that is not seen on a diagnostic mammogram generally means

A

other diagnostic testing must be considered

50
Q

which of the following patients has the greatest risk for breast cancer

A

a woman, age 30

51
Q

a mammographer using a 0.1 mm focal spot size is most likely performing

A

magnification imaging

52
Q

the base of the breast refers to the

A

lower outer quadrant of the breast

53
Q

fibrous tissues are presented radiographically as

A

white or denser areas

54
Q

the MLO demonstrates a large encapsulated lesion occupying almost the entire breast. The contour is sharp and the lesion is radiolucent. This lesion is most likely to be a(n)

A

oil cyst

55
Q

since 1989, the death rate from breast cancer has declined because

A

more cancers are discovered at an earlier stage

56
Q

spot compression:

  1. applies more compression to a localized area
  2. can be performed with magnification
  3. employs a coned collimated fiels to limit the area of interest
A

1, 2, and 3

57
Q

identify the projection in figure 6-6

A

FB

58
Q

to reduce the possibility of imaging the abdomen in the MLO, the mammographer could

A

have the patient stand away from the image receptor and bend forward

59
Q

4 projection mammo shows a solitary tumor without calcification in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. Only the anterior margins are seen. The next recommended step is

A

spot compression

60
Q

4 projection mammo shows a solitary tumor without calcification in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. Only the anterior margins are seen. The next recommended step is

A

spot compression

61
Q

why is the specimen magnified

A

to visualize the calcifications within the specimen

62
Q

in digital mammography, a grossly underexposed image

A

appears excessively noisy

63
Q

which of the following patients is likely to be diagnosed with pathological gynecomastia

A

elderly man

64
Q

over age 40, it is recommended that women have CBE every

A

year

65
Q

fibrous and glandular tissues are more ______ than fatty tissue and result in areas of ______ optical density on the radiograph

A

radiopaque/lower

66
Q

good compression results in:

  1. increased spatial resolution
  2. decreased spatial resolution
  3. improved subject contrast
A

1 and 3

67
Q

which of the following involves the use of a thing needle to remove cell samples from a suspected cancerous lesion in the breasts for cytological analysis

A

fine needle aspiration (FNA)

68
Q

a lesion is superimposed by breast tissue in the CC. a projection used to demonstrate the lesion in the same projection and free of superimposition is the

A

RM

69
Q

in imaging the breast in the MLO projection, compression to the lower portion of the breast is compromised if:

  1. the image receptor is too high
  2. the patient has a protruding abdomen
  3. too much axilla and shoulder are under compression
A

2 and 3

70
Q

involution of the breast describes a process by which

A

breast epithelium decreases because of postmenopausal changes

71
Q

in imaging the breast for the CC what technique is used to minimized skin folds in the lateral aspect of the breast

A

on the side being imaged, the patient’s arm hangs relaxed with humerus externally rotated

72
Q

grid use in magnification mammography is contraindicated because:

  1. grid use increases subject contrast
  2. scatter is already minimized
  3. the grid results in increased patient dose
A

2 and 3

73
Q

the breast can be image in the FB projection:

  1. to improve visualization of lesions in the uppermost aspect of breast by reducing object-to-image distance (OID)
  2. during needle localization to provide a shorter route to inferior lesions
  3. to maximize the amount of tissue visualized in patient with kyphosis
A

1, 2, and 3

74
Q

the breast can be image in the FB projection:

  1. to improve visualization of lesions in the uppermost aspect of breast by reducing object-to-image distance (OID)
  2. during needle localization to provide a shorter route to inferior lesions
  3. to maximize the amount of tissue visualized in patient with kyphosis
A

1, 2, and 3

75
Q

identify the projection in figure 6-7

A

ML

76
Q

which statement best describes a parallel or linear grid

A

lead strips are aligned adjacent to tone another and placed lengthwise in the same direction within the structure of the grid

77
Q

which factors are used to maintain a sharp image during magnification:

  1. adjustable focal spot sizes
  2. decreasing the thickness of the body part
  3. decreasing the resolution
A

1 and 2

78
Q

the half-value layer (HVL) of the x-ray beam is measured with a

A

quality-control dosimeter

79
Q

the repeat rate should be analyzed if the rate changes from the previous measure rate by more than

A

+ or - 2%

80
Q

a magnification image of breast shows several oval-shaped radiolucent lesions with eggshell-like calcifications. these ar most likely to be

A

oil cysts

81
Q

the image viewing environment:

  1. had no effect on the detection of cancerous lesions
  2. can obliterate the advantages of optimum image quality
  3. should eliminate extraneous view box light
A

1 and 3

82
Q

in general, ID series are taken in

A

CC and MLO projections

83
Q

today all mammographers must have:

  1. satisfied the interim requirements of the FDA
  2. completed at least 40 contact hours of documented training in mammography
  3. performed at least 25 examinations under direct supervision of a qualified mammographer
A

1, 2, and 3

84
Q

a benign inflammatory condition of the lactiferous ducts leading to nipple discharge, nipple inversion, or periareolar sepsis is called

A

ductal ectasia

85
Q

the cells living in the alveoli in lobules are called

A

myoepithelial

86
Q

a technique describing reshaping of the breast is called

A

mammoplasty

87
Q

a major cause of radiographic noise is

A

motion

88
Q

imaging males will present the same difficulty as imaging small, firm-breasted females. an added problem may be that

A

males have more muscular breast tissue

89
Q

which of the following are considered agencies granting accreditation under the FDA

  1. ACR
  2. ARRT
  3. NY State Department of Health
A

1 and 2

Mammo Practice Final (1 decks)

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