Practice FE Qs

Question 1

what group of macromolecules does glycogen belong to

Answer 1

carbs

Question 2

bind substratea in a way that facilitates the formation of the products is_

Answer 2

characteristics of the enzyme

Question 3

where is ETC

Answer 3

inner mito membrane

Question 4

the continuous release of mucus by epithelial cells is ex of

Answer 4

constitutive secretion

Question 5

during elongation of polypeptide chain, the ribosome moves closer to _ end of mRNA

Answer 5

3’

Question 6

kinases and phosphatases are essential in the cell b/c they

Answer 6

help turn proteins on and off thru changes in phosphorylation status

Question 7

distinguish b/ micrographs obtained in TEM vs SEM

Answer 7

TEM:

forms images using electrons that are transmitted thru a specimen

allows visuzlization of inner structures

SEM:

formes images from electrons that bounce off the surface of the specimen

visualization of the surface of objects

Question 8

lysosomes vs plant vacuoles

Answer 8

• both involved in intracellular digestion and autophage
• lysosomes: in animals; do not store molecules
• vacuoles: in plants, store solutes and macromolecules

Question 9

heterochromatin vs euchromatin

Answer 9

• represent levels of condensation
• forms of interphase chromatin
• hetero: closely condensed; not actively transcribed
• eu: dispersed, serves as template for transcription

Question 10

how are peptide bonds formed and broken

Answer 10

formed via dehydration

broken via hydrolysis

Question 11

Using A as a symbol for photosynthesis and B as a symbol for respiration, state which of the processes below occur in respiration and/or photosynthesis. If it occurs in both processes, use C.

1. 1. uses carbs as the final electron accepto
2. makes use of ETC to harnest E
3. aproduces ATP as products
4. produces CO2 as byproduct

Answer 11

1. photo
2. both
3. both
4. respir

Question 12

You genetically engineer a protein normally found in the nucleoplasm so that a stretch of amino acids near its C-terminal end (called the NLS) is removed. What happens to the resultant nucleoplasm protein if this altered gene is transfected into an amphibian oocyte and transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated?

Answer 12

The newly synthesized nucleoplasm is unable to move into the nucleus because the missing NLS targets the nucleoplasm to the nucleus.

Question 13

A scientist observes the motion of a certain type of vesicle around the cell. She notices that vesicle movement ceases when colchicine is added to the culture medium. What conclusion can she draw?

Answer 13

Since colchicine inhibits microtubule function, it is likely that the vesicular movement is orchestrated by microtubules

Question 14

A syncytium is a “cell” that contains more than one nucleus; examples are a skeletal muscle fibre and a blastula of a fly embryo. These two types of syncytia arise by very different pathways.

1. What two mechanisms can you envision that could result in the formation of such syncytia
2. What does this tell you about the relationship between mitosis and cytokinesis

Answer 14

1. Fusion and mitosis without cytokinesis
2. Mitosis and cytokinesis are independent processes that do not have to occur together.

Question 15

What is the difference between a benign tumour and a malignant tumour?

Answer 15

• both exhibit loss of growth control
• malignant tumors can metastise from the origin

Question 16

Plant cells contain certain structures that are present only in plant cells, not in animal cells. Briefly explain how each of these structures functions in the life of the plant. a. Chloroplasts b. The plasmodesma

Answer 16

1. enable plants to collect light energy from the sun and convert it to chemical energy stored as sugars
2. pathway for communication between cells.

Question 17

A noncompetitive inhibitor does not prevent the enzyme from binding its substrate.
a. What will be the effect of increasing the substrate concentration in the presence of a noncompetitive inhibitor? b. How do you expect a noncompetitive inhibitor to affect the enzyme Vmax? c. How do you expect a noncompetitive inhibitor to affect the enzyme KM

Answer 17

a. There will be no effect.
b. The Vmax will be reduced.
c. The KM will be unaffected.

Question 18

How would you expect the concentrations of solute inside a cell to compare to the concentrations of its extracellular fluids?

a. In plant cells
b. In animal cells

Answer 18

1. intracellular concentrations to be hypertonic to the extracellular fluids, which would cause the cells to gain water and maintain turgor pressure
2. intracellular fluids and extracellular fluids to have similar solute concentrations so that cells would neither gain nor lose water.

Question 19

Would you expect the properties of the cisternal side of the Golgi membranes to be more similar to the extracellular or cytosolic side of the plasma membrane? Why?

Answer 19

To the extracellular side. The cisternal (luminal) side of the Golgi becomes the inner (luminal) side of secretory vesicles and, following exocytosis, becomes the external side of the plasma membrane

cis Golgi->inner side of secretory vesicle->external side of plasma memb

Question 20

What properties of RNA have convinced investigators that it may have played an important role in the evolution of life on Earth?

Answer 20

: RNA has the ability to encode information and the ability to catalyze chemical reactions

Question 21

Distinguish between the surface of the plasma membrane facing into the cell and the surface facing out. Include the (a) composition and (b) function of both surfaces.

Answer 21

outer surface:

• all glycolipids and glycoproteins
• include signal recognitions and cell recognitions

inner surface:

• no carbs groups
• signal response and membrane participation in cellular metabolism

Question 22

distinguish b/ a. EA of uncatalyzed reaction b. EA of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Answer 22

The amount of energy (EA) required for an uncatalyzed reaction is higher than what is required for the enzyme-catalyzed reaction.

Question 23

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 23

: Its function is synthesis of proteins. These include proteins for secretion, integral membrane proteins, and soluble proteins that reside within compartments of the endomembrane system, including the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, endosomes, vesicles, and plant vacuoles

Question 24

Regulated secretory pathway

Answer 24

The secretory materials are stored in big, densely packed, membrane-bound secretory granules in the periphery of the cell. Secretion occurs after cell stimulation (hormones, digestive enzymes, neurotransmitters).

Question 25

Endocytic pathway

Answer 25

: The endocytic pathway moves materials or membrane surface into cells from the outside to cytoplasmic compartments (endosomes, lysosomes).