Practice Exam Planning Flashcards
Difference between quality management and TQM?
Definition of QM & example Sandcone Theory
Definition of TQM - what it includes
How TQM is natural extension to QM
How they differ:
How it involves all parts so iniatives set up for whole production process rather than one single process as is case for QM
The scope of the business- primary connection on product or service, TQM looks a the whole firm as one unit and improvements in quality are affected by all parts of the organisation
Capacity and management structures are dependant on short and long term outlooks regarding production volume. Discuss this statement using examples to support this argument?
Capacity definition + example e.g. factory and football stadium
Capacity management definition
Outline the 4 different types of capacity - PIED
Outline short term outlooks - pos neg time scale
Linking immediate capacity with short outlooks of production volume. Then go on to strategic short term approach of hiring season staff (example). Then go onto adjustment and say how it’s dependant on nature of operation process to supply the demand or service. This can be used for fast food but not maybe for peak times in Christmas for doctors.
Outline long term - so pos neg and time scale
Firstly link potential capacity with how investment in technology and how the view of growing capacity can be linked to use of tech. Manufacturing example and self service example - can link this to how seasonal demand (short term aspect can be overcome)
Limitation of long term outlook - expensive and difficult to reverse. JP Morgan and IBM example where long term view was to outsource goods to deal with growing capacity issues. It ended up JP moths having problems with IBM and had to cancel the agreement half way through costing them 5billion
With the aid of example, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of single sourcing and multi sourcing?
Concepts of supply chain managements - Define supply chain managements
Types of partnerships - outsourcing and one who it chooses to supply it too.
What is single sourcing
Ads of single sourcing - partnership allows for cooperation shared benefits and long term relationships based on high level of trust.(looking at supplier as a single point of failure) suppliers will subcontract well as they won’t want to disappoint buyer
A lack of suppliers can lead to having competitive advantage - Oil business where single sourcing alliances occur
Drawback of single sourcing - vulnerability of firm as it has sole reliance on one supplier - if problems occur like not meeting demand - clothes retailer example effect on customers
Natural disaster occurs - example of hondouras where 80% of banana crop was destroyed. Dole food company was sole supplier and lost lots of revenues and customer because of this
Define multi sourcing
Advantages of multi sourcing - can benefit from the mix and max strategy where firms have freedoms to choose certain suppliers and play them off each other to get the best deals. Ups firm who outsources lots of goods, if they wanted to develop a new software they could use different suppliers ideas and expertise and join forces to get the best result for UPS.
Also reduced probability of bottlenecks due to insufficient capacity to meet peak demand. (Bottleneck = one process in chain which has limited capacity that reduced the whole chains capacity). Can offshore demand and utilise different firms to meet capacity demands. Example of M&S that serves over 10m
Customers a week. It has over 650 suppliers across world to help deal with this. Use Xmas example of how it meets demand
Disadvantage of multi sourcing - fear of confidential information being linked to customers through cooperation of supplier with multiple companies
Suppliers may take preference for higher orders so may neglect or not have much of interest in firms orders - can link to time consuming process
Can benefit from using JIT as they can rely on multiple firms to help
Conformance for specifications is critical when designing a product or service solution. Discuss the 6 steps you may take to ensure quality is met?
Definition of quality management + example
Total quality management definion + what it includes
Conformance to spec is critical..
The6 steps
Define quality characters each one with example - Venn diagram example
Step 2 example - apple and benchmarks Step 3- restraiunt and complaints Step 4- how the product is checked, sample Step 5- tqm techniques like kaizen Step 6- continuous improvement
What are the different types of inv?
Why are these different types of inv necessary in manufacturing operations?
- 5 types of inv - raw mats, finished goods, work in progress, maintenance repair and operations supplies and packing material
- Outline of why they are necessary - so define them e.g. finished goods are goods that have been used throughout the production process and are awaiting sale
Using examples identify ways in which inventory can be reduced?
Define inventory + talk about the transformed and transforming resources with examples of a hotel
How inv is reduced so through reduction and 6 examples.
The other 5 ways
3 examples of reducing inv - why they hold it example and how it can be reduced
Nissan example using JIT method where it only has 6-12 seats and relies on suppliers to bring more when needed
Possibly talk about minimising and reducing too far - KFC and Pharma example
Sandcone model emphasises lasting improvements in performance and quality. Discuss how an organisation may use the model in practice?
Quality management definition
Gap analysis - how you can identify gaps between customer expectations and an organisations idea of quality
Customer expectation based on 6 quality characteristics, then example e.g. reliability with example of Ryanair
TQM definition
Sandcone theory definition Diagram Talk about the five components Quality - Apple Dependability -online retailer Speed - Flexibility - Cost
Example of firm
Using Sandcone model - online clothing retailer just go through each step..
Compare the lean synchronisation to theory of constraints?
Define lean -3 key principles
4 elements of lean
Define lean synchronisation
Similarities with TQM - define TQM
How lean synchronisation chooses to add value
Case of Toyota pioneering lean think through cost reduction
Objective of lean is add value to customer in order to increase profits - example is lean approach diagram: supplier manafactuer retailer (no buffers, products passes directly to next stage through use of methods like JIT use Nissan example)
Theory of constraints - methodology for identifying the most important limiting factor (constrains) that stand in the way of achieving a goal and then systematically improving that constraint until it is no longer a limiting factor.
Implementation of theory constrains
How they differ - objectives
Measure of effectiveness
Define what is capacity and capacity management?
Define capacity - with example
How capacity is examined
4 different types of capacitg
Capacity managemtn - define strategies of capacity management
Define the concept and associated tools of TQM?
Define TQM - what it includes
The TQM model - Natural extension to earlier approaches to quality management
TQM includes all staff- empowering them - achieving goals - Tesco and employee reward scheme
Making quality strategic to the organisation - human resource team (Tesco) used to Tacjle customer queries, supplier problems. It allows Tesco to identify weaknesses and set policies to rectify this
How TQM can be used for error detention - in stopping defects. Hygeiene of product is concern, quality management methods like quality assurance in place to make staff remove items that are past shelf life , and any possible defects thrown away - Links to po of reliability and quality
Looking at po of speed and how implementation of IT systems that integrate all business functions for smooth flow info. Tesco have an enterprise resource planning system that helps to achieve the quality of internal and external communication in the company’s
TQM has a low cost policy, when company can act efficently and reduce costs.
