Practice Exam Gems

Question 1

Becks Triad for cardiac tamponade

Answer 1

Distant heart sounds, hypotension, distended neck veins

Question 2

What is residual volume?

Answer 2

The volume remaining in the lungs after maximum forced expiration

Question 3

Increased radioactive iodine uptake diffusely throughout the entire thyroid gland

Answer 3

Graves disease

Question 4

You note a palpable thyroid nodule that appears as a “hot” spot on scan implying it took up increased radioactive iodine.

Answer 4

Toxic thyroid adenoma

Question 5

You note a goiter with multiple palpable nodules appearing “hot” on scan with iodine uptake increased

Answer 5

Toxic multinodular goiter

Question 6

A “cold nodule” on scan of the thyroid indicated an area of decreased radioactive iodine uptate in that specific spot

Answer 6

Thyroid cancer

Question 7

How can you help prevent nephropathy in a pt who is high risk for it prior to them receiving imaging contrast?

Answer 7

Increase fluid volume to help dilute system

Question 8

First line treatment for sustained use in panic disorders

Answer 8

SSRI’s. Paroxetine is a good example.

Question 9

What is hydroxyzine used for most commonly?

Answer 9

Sleep disorders.

Question 10

What esophageal web problem can arise from iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 10

Plummer Vinson syndrome

Question 11

Normal lining of esophagus is replaced by metaplastic cells after long standing reflux damages tissue

Answer 11

Barretts esophagus

Question 12

Esophageal motility disorder causing dysphagia and regurgitation and showing “birds beak” on esophagram.

Answer 12

Achalasia

Question 13

Post myocardial infarction syndrome, an autoimmune phenomenon, and presents as pericarditis with associated fever, leukocytosis, and pericardial or pleural effusions.

Answer 13

Dressler syndrome

Question 14

Esophageal tears after vomiting and wretching. This occurs and the gastroesophageal junction.

Answer 14

Mallory-Weiss tears

Question 15

Copper toxicity resulting in low ceruloplasmin levels. What organs are affected?

Answer 15

Liver (hepatitis), brain (tremors, speech issues, dysphasia, incoordination), corneas (Kayser Fleischer rings), kidneys (hematuria), and reproductive organs (amenorrhea, miscarriages)

Question 16

Copper toxicity disease

Answer 16

Wilson’s disease

Question 17

Treatment for Wilson’s disease

Answer 17

Lifelong chelation, oral zinc, low copper diet

Question 18

A male infant with a copper deficiency and low serum ceruloplasmin presents with hypopigmentation, mental retardation, vomiting, diarrhea, enteropathy, and bone changes. You also notice sparse, kinky, wiry hair.

Answer 18

Menkes syndrome

Question 19

A pt presents with high transferrin saturation and ferritin levels and weakness, fatigue, and weight loss with abdominal pain and arthralgias. Treatment includes maintenance phlebotomy.

Answer 19

Hemochromatosis

Question 20

A pt has increased serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation with microcytic, hypo chromic anemia.

Answer 20

Sideroblastic anemia

Question 21

Brain damage caused by unconjugated bilirubin crossing the blood-brain barrier and being deposited in the basal ganglia and brain stem

Answer 21

Kernicterus

Question 22

On an ear exam, you see deep retraction pockets, a white mass behind the tympanic membrane, and focal granulation at the peripheral of the tympanic membrane.

Answer 22

Cholesteatoma

Question 23

What is the treatment for cholesteatoma?

Answer 23

Surgery

Question 24

A pt presents having just been injected by some drug for her migraine. She now has chest pain. What do you suspect?

Answer 24

Sumatriptan injection. This drug can cause coronary vasospasm often perceived as chest pain.

Question 25

What is tramethobenzamide?

Answer 25

Antiemetic

Question 26

What is ketrolac?

Answer 26

NSAID

Question 27

What is metoclopramide?

Answer 27

Antiemetic

Question 28

What is promethazine?

Answer 28

Phenergan (Antiemetic)

Question 29

A 3 month old kid has a hypoxic spell.

Answer 29

Tet spell associated with tetralogy of fallot

Question 30

What demographic commonly has tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 30

Downs syndrome, fetal alcohol kids, kids of parents who don't have prenatal care.

Question 31

Newborn with cyanosis at birth and clubbing

Answer 31

Tetralogy of fallot

Question 32

A child has been having prolonged crying spells and cyanosis. You notice a harsh systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border and with crying there is a decrease in the intensity of the heart murmur. The EKG reveals right ventricular hypertrophy or right atrial dilatation. The chest x-ray reveals a small heart size or "boot" shaped cardiac shadow.

Answer 32

Tetralogy of fallot

Question 33

An infant has a heart defect. They have exertional dyspnea, palpitations, cardiac failure, right ventricular heave, and cyanosis.

Answer 33

ASD

Question 34

Most common congenital heart defect?

Answer 34

Ventricular septal defect

Question 35

A neonate who had a normal cardiac exam after birth presents with poor feeding, dyspnea, and poor weight gain at 6 weeks of life. If this heart defect is not addressed, congestive heart failure may occur.

Answer 35

Coarctation of the aorta.

Question 36

A baby presents with exertional dyspnea, syncope, chest pain, right ventricular failure, a parasternal heave.

Answer 36

Pulmonary stenosis

Question 37

A pt presents with no murmur immediately after birth, but then tachypnea followed shortly by poor feeding, diaphoresis, and eventually failure to thrive.

Answer 37

Ventral septal defect

Question 38

A neonate presents with choking, cyanosis, copious secretions, and respiratory distress. The mother was found to have polyhydramnios during her pregnancy

Answer 38

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 39

You note that the back of a childs nasal passages are blocked at birth. What is this called and what should you do?

Answer 39

Choanal atresia. Immediately insert an oral airway to prevent complete airway blockage.

Question 40

A child with tachypnea (respiratory rate > 60 breaths/minute), cyanosis on room air, expiratory grunting, and intercostal/sternal retractions would be said to be suffering from...

Answer 40

Respiratory distress syndrome

Question 41

This class of antihypertensive drugs when used by pregnant women can cause hypotension, neonatal skull hypoplasia, anuria, reversible or irreversible renal failure, and death

Answer 41

ACEi

Question 42

A very tanned and rustic looking man who is a smoker presents with a rather crusted, rough, yellow-brown solitary lesion on the middle forehead at the hairline.

Answer 42

Actinic keratosis

Question 43

What is the treatment for actinic keratosis?

Answer 43

Cryosurgery

Question 44

A pt presents with pain in the anatomical snuff box but has a negative XR. What should you do?

Answer 44

Put them in a thumb spica splint and refer them to ortho

Question 45

A loud harsh holosystolic murmur in the 3rd and 4th ICS along sternum, +/- middiastolic flow murmur, and a systolic thrill on the lower left sternal border.

Answer 45

Ventricular septal defect

Question 46

A harsh systolic ejection murmur at the L upper sternal border

Answer 46

Tetralogy of fallot

Question 47

A harsh and loud murmur along with a systolic ejection click with a prominent thrill at the 2nd and 3rd ICS

Answer 47

Pulmonary stenosis

Question 48

A loud systolic ejection murmur near the 2nd and 3rd ICS and a midsystolic rumble at the lower R sternal border with a wide S2 split.

Answer 48

Atrial septal defect

Question 49

Venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and injury to the vessel wall

Answer 49

Virchow's triad

Question 50

Pt presents with dyspnea, chest pain, syncope, hemoptysis, tachypnea, and pain on inspiration.

Answer 50

PE

Question 51

Severe pain, a palpable abdominal mass, and hypotension

Answer 51

AAA rupture

Question 52

This usually occurs after 48 hours postoperatively, and the patient will present with fever on day 3 or 4 postoperatively.

Answer 52

Postoperative pneumonia

Question 53

A very common postoperative issue when lung tissue collapses

Answer 53

Atelectasis