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Exam Master > Practice Exam Gems > Flashcards

Practice Exam Gems Flashcards

1
Q

Becks Triad for cardiac tamponade

A

Distant heart sounds, hypotension, distended neck veins

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2
Q

What is residual volume?

A

The volume remaining in the lungs after maximum forced expiration

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3
Q

Increased radioactive iodine uptake diffusely throughout the entire thyroid gland

A

Graves disease

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4
Q

You note a palpable thyroid nodule that appears as a “hot” spot on scan implying it took up increased radioactive iodine.

A

Toxic thyroid adenoma

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5
Q

You note a goiter with multiple palpable nodules appearing “hot” on scan with iodine uptake increased

A

Toxic multinodular goiter

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6
Q

A “cold nodule” on scan of the thyroid indicated an area of decreased radioactive iodine uptate in that specific spot

A

Thyroid cancer

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7
Q

How can you help prevent nephropathy in a pt who is high risk for it prior to them receiving imaging contrast?

A

Increase fluid volume to help dilute system

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8
Q

First line treatment for sustained use in panic disorders

A

SSRI’s. Paroxetine is a good example.

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9
Q

What is hydroxyzine used for most commonly?

A

Sleep disorders.

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10
Q

What esophageal web problem can arise from iron deficiency anemia?

A

Plummer Vinson syndrome

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11
Q

Normal lining of esophagus is replaced by metaplastic cells after long standing reflux damages tissue

A

Barretts esophagus

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12
Q

Esophageal motility disorder causing dysphagia and regurgitation and showing “birds beak” on esophagram.

A

Achalasia

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13
Q

Post myocardial infarction syndrome, an autoimmune phenomenon, and presents as pericarditis with associated fever, leukocytosis, and pericardial or pleural effusions.

A

Dressler syndrome

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14
Q

Esophageal tears after vomiting and wretching. This occurs and the gastroesophageal junction.

A

Mallory-Weiss tears

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15
Q

Copper toxicity resulting in low ceruloplasmin levels. What organs are affected?

A

Liver (hepatitis), brain (tremors, speech issues, dysphasia, incoordination), corneas (Kayser Fleischer rings), kidneys (hematuria), and reproductive organs (amenorrhea, miscarriages)

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16
Q

Copper toxicity disease

A

Wilson’s disease

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17
Q

Treatment for Wilson’s disease

A

Lifelong chelation, oral zinc, low copper diet

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18
Q

A male infant with a copper deficiency and low serum ceruloplasmin presents with hypopigmentation, mental retardation, vomiting, diarrhea, enteropathy, and bone changes. You also notice sparse, kinky, wiry hair.

A

Menkes syndrome

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19
Q

A pt presents with high transferrin saturation and ferritin levels and weakness, fatigue, and weight loss with abdominal pain and arthralgias. Treatment includes maintenance phlebotomy.

A

Hemochromatosis

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20
Q

A pt has increased serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation with microcytic, hypo chromic anemia.

A

Sideroblastic anemia

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21
Q

Brain damage caused by unconjugated bilirubin crossing the blood-brain barrier and being deposited in the basal ganglia and brain stem

A

Kernicterus

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22
Q

On an ear exam, you see deep retraction pockets, a white mass behind the tympanic membrane, and focal granulation at the peripheral of the tympanic membrane.

A

Cholesteatoma

23
Q

What is the treatment for cholesteatoma?

A

Surgery

24
Q

A pt presents having just been injected by some drug for her migraine. She now has chest pain. What do you suspect?

A

Sumatriptan injection. This drug can cause coronary vasospasm often perceived as chest pain.

25
Q

What is tramethobenzamide?

A

Antiemetic

26
Q

What is ketrolac?

A

NSAID

27
Q

What is metoclopramide?

A

Antiemetic

28
Q

What is promethazine?

A

Phenergan (Antiemetic)

29
Q

A 3 month old kid has a hypoxic spell.

A

Tet spell associated with tetralogy of fallot

30
Q

What demographic commonly has tetralogy of fallot?

A

Downs syndrome, fetal alcohol kids, kids of parents who don’t have prenatal care.

31
Q

Newborn with cyanosis at birth and clubbing

A

Tetralogy of fallot

32
Q

A child has been having prolonged crying spells and cyanosis. You notice a harsh systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border and with crying there is a decrease in the intensity of the heart murmur. The EKG reveals right ventricular hypertrophy or right atrial dilatation. The chest x-ray reveals a small heart size or “boot” shaped cardiac shadow.

A

Tetralogy of fallot

33
Q

An infant has a heart defect. They have exertional dyspnea, palpitations, cardiac failure, right ventricular heave, and cyanosis.

A

ASD

34
Q

Most common congenital heart defect?

A

Ventricular septal defect

35
Q

A neonate who had a normal cardiac exam after birth presents with poor feeding, dyspnea, and poor weight gain at 6 weeks of life. If this heart defect is not addressed, congestive heart failure may occur.

A

Coarctation of the aorta.

36
Q

A baby presents with exertional dyspnea, syncope, chest pain, right ventricular failure, a parasternal heave.

A

Pulmonary stenosis

37
Q

A pt presents with no murmur immediately after birth, but then tachypnea followed shortly by poor feeding, diaphoresis, and eventually failure to thrive.

A

Ventral septal defect

38
Q

A neonate presents with choking, cyanosis, copious secretions, and respiratory distress. The mother was found to have polyhydramnios during her pregnancy

A

Tracheoesophageal fistula

39
Q

You note that the back of a childs nasal passages are blocked at birth. What is this called and what should you do?

A

Choanal atresia. Immediately insert an oral airway to prevent complete airway blockage.

40
Q

A child with tachypnea (respiratory rate > 60 breaths/minute), cyanosis on room air, expiratory grunting, and intercostal/sternal retractions would be said to be suffering from…

A

Respiratory distress syndrome

41
Q

This class of antihypertensive drugs when used by pregnant women can cause hypotension, neonatal skull hypoplasia, anuria, reversible or irreversible renal failure, and death

A

ACEi

42
Q

A very tanned and rustic looking man who is a smoker presents with a rather crusted, rough, yellow-brown solitary lesion on the middle forehead at the hairline.

A

Actinic keratosis

43
Q

What is the treatment for actinic keratosis?

A

Cryosurgery

44
Q

A pt presents with pain in the anatomical snuff box but has a negative XR. What should you do?

A

Put them in a thumb spica splint and refer them to ortho

45
Q

A loud harsh holosystolic murmur in the 3rd and 4th ICS along sternum, +/- middiastolic flow murmur, and a systolic thrill on the lower left sternal border.

A

Ventricular septal defect

46
Q

A harsh systolic ejection murmur at the L upper sternal border

A

Tetralogy of fallot

47
Q

A harsh and loud murmur along with a systolic ejection click with a prominent thrill at the 2nd and 3rd ICS

A

Pulmonary stenosis

48
Q

A loud systolic ejection murmur near the 2nd and 3rd ICS and a midsystolic rumble at the lower R sternal border with a wide S2 split.

A

Atrial septal defect

49
Q

Venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and injury to the vessel wall

A

Virchow’s triad

50
Q

Pt presents with dyspnea, chest pain, syncope, hemoptysis, tachypnea, and pain on inspiration.

A

PE

51
Q

Severe pain, a palpable abdominal mass, and hypotension

A

AAA rupture

52
Q

This usually occurs after 48 hours postoperatively, and the patient will present with fever on day 3 or 4 postoperatively.

A

Postoperative pneumonia

53
Q

A very common postoperative issue when lung tissue collapses

A

Atelectasis

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