Practice Exam Gems Flashcards
Becks Triad for cardiac tamponade
Distant heart sounds, hypotension, distended neck veins
What is residual volume?
The volume remaining in the lungs after maximum forced expiration
Increased radioactive iodine uptake diffusely throughout the entire thyroid gland
Graves disease
You note a palpable thyroid nodule that appears as a “hot” spot on scan implying it took up increased radioactive iodine.
Toxic thyroid adenoma
You note a goiter with multiple palpable nodules appearing “hot” on scan with iodine uptake increased
Toxic multinodular goiter
A “cold nodule” on scan of the thyroid indicated an area of decreased radioactive iodine uptate in that specific spot
Thyroid cancer
How can you help prevent nephropathy in a pt who is high risk for it prior to them receiving imaging contrast?
Increase fluid volume to help dilute system
First line treatment for sustained use in panic disorders
SSRI’s. Paroxetine is a good example.
What is hydroxyzine used for most commonly?
Sleep disorders.
What esophageal web problem can arise from iron deficiency anemia?
Plummer Vinson syndrome
Normal lining of esophagus is replaced by metaplastic cells after long standing reflux damages tissue
Barretts esophagus
Esophageal motility disorder causing dysphagia and regurgitation and showing “birds beak” on esophagram.
Achalasia
Post myocardial infarction syndrome, an autoimmune phenomenon, and presents as pericarditis with associated fever, leukocytosis, and pericardial or pleural effusions.
Dressler syndrome
Esophageal tears after vomiting and wretching. This occurs and the gastroesophageal junction.
Mallory-Weiss tears
Copper toxicity resulting in low ceruloplasmin levels. What organs are affected?
Liver (hepatitis), brain (tremors, speech issues, dysphasia, incoordination), corneas (Kayser Fleischer rings), kidneys (hematuria), and reproductive organs (amenorrhea, miscarriages)
Copper toxicity disease
Wilson’s disease
Treatment for Wilson’s disease
Lifelong chelation, oral zinc, low copper diet
A male infant with a copper deficiency and low serum ceruloplasmin presents with hypopigmentation, mental retardation, vomiting, diarrhea, enteropathy, and bone changes. You also notice sparse, kinky, wiry hair.
Menkes syndrome
A pt presents with high transferrin saturation and ferritin levels and weakness, fatigue, and weight loss with abdominal pain and arthralgias. Treatment includes maintenance phlebotomy.
Hemochromatosis
A pt has increased serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation with microcytic, hypo chromic anemia.
Sideroblastic anemia
Brain damage caused by unconjugated bilirubin crossing the blood-brain barrier and being deposited in the basal ganglia and brain stem
Kernicterus
On an ear exam, you see deep retraction pockets, a white mass behind the tympanic membrane, and focal granulation at the peripheral of the tympanic membrane.
Cholesteatoma
What is the treatment for cholesteatoma?
Surgery
A pt presents having just been injected by some drug for her migraine. She now has chest pain. What do you suspect?
Sumatriptan injection. This drug can cause coronary vasospasm often perceived as chest pain.
What is tramethobenzamide?
Antiemetic
What is ketrolac?
NSAID
What is metoclopramide?
Antiemetic
What is promethazine?
Phenergan (Antiemetic)
A 3 month old kid has a hypoxic spell.
Tet spell associated with tetralogy of fallot
What demographic commonly has tetralogy of fallot?
Downs syndrome, fetal alcohol kids, kids of parents who don’t have prenatal care.
Newborn with cyanosis at birth and clubbing
Tetralogy of fallot
A child has been having prolonged crying spells and cyanosis. You notice a harsh systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border and with crying there is a decrease in the intensity of the heart murmur. The EKG reveals right ventricular hypertrophy or right atrial dilatation. The chest x-ray reveals a small heart size or “boot” shaped cardiac shadow.
Tetralogy of fallot
An infant has a heart defect. They have exertional dyspnea, palpitations, cardiac failure, right ventricular heave, and cyanosis.
ASD
Most common congenital heart defect?
Ventricular septal defect
A neonate who had a normal cardiac exam after birth presents with poor feeding, dyspnea, and poor weight gain at 6 weeks of life. If this heart defect is not addressed, congestive heart failure may occur.
Coarctation of the aorta.
A baby presents with exertional dyspnea, syncope, chest pain, right ventricular failure, a parasternal heave.
Pulmonary stenosis
A pt presents with no murmur immediately after birth, but then tachypnea followed shortly by poor feeding, diaphoresis, and eventually failure to thrive.
Ventral septal defect
A neonate presents with choking, cyanosis, copious secretions, and respiratory distress. The mother was found to have polyhydramnios during her pregnancy
Tracheoesophageal fistula
You note that the back of a childs nasal passages are blocked at birth. What is this called and what should you do?
Choanal atresia. Immediately insert an oral airway to prevent complete airway blockage.
A child with tachypnea (respiratory rate > 60 breaths/minute), cyanosis on room air, expiratory grunting, and intercostal/sternal retractions would be said to be suffering from…
Respiratory distress syndrome
This class of antihypertensive drugs when used by pregnant women can cause hypotension, neonatal skull hypoplasia, anuria, reversible or irreversible renal failure, and death
ACEi
A very tanned and rustic looking man who is a smoker presents with a rather crusted, rough, yellow-brown solitary lesion on the middle forehead at the hairline.
Actinic keratosis
What is the treatment for actinic keratosis?
Cryosurgery
A pt presents with pain in the anatomical snuff box but has a negative XR. What should you do?
Put them in a thumb spica splint and refer them to ortho
A loud harsh holosystolic murmur in the 3rd and 4th ICS along sternum, +/- middiastolic flow murmur, and a systolic thrill on the lower left sternal border.
Ventricular septal defect
A harsh systolic ejection murmur at the L upper sternal border
Tetralogy of fallot
A harsh and loud murmur along with a systolic ejection click with a prominent thrill at the 2nd and 3rd ICS
Pulmonary stenosis
A loud systolic ejection murmur near the 2nd and 3rd ICS and a midsystolic rumble at the lower R sternal border with a wide S2 split.
Atrial septal defect
Venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and injury to the vessel wall
Virchow’s triad
Pt presents with dyspnea, chest pain, syncope, hemoptysis, tachypnea, and pain on inspiration.
PE
Severe pain, a palpable abdominal mass, and hypotension
AAA rupture
This usually occurs after 48 hours postoperatively, and the patient will present with fever on day 3 or 4 postoperatively.
Postoperative pneumonia
A very common postoperative issue when lung tissue collapses
Atelectasis
