Practice Exam 4

Question 1

_____ allow simultaneous detection of many thousands of potential mutations

Answer 1

Microarrays

Question 2

How many of the modified dideoxynecleotides are present in each DNA fragment that is produced during a DNA sequencing reaction?

Answer 2

one

Question 3

Two genes that are inherited together on the same chromosome are described as being

Answer 3

linked

Question 4

The use of computers to organize and analyze genetic information is

Answer 4

bioinformatics

Question 5

The set of all the different genes in a species is its

Answer 5

genome

Question 6

The set of all the different proteins produced by an organism is its

Answer 6

proteome

Question 7

Nonfunctional genes that are still present in the genomes are

Answer 7

psuedogenes

Question 8

A genetic map of a human chromosome based on recombination frequencies includes both the _____ and an estimate of distance between points on the map

Answer 8

gene order

Question 9

A genetic disorder that is much more frequent in native Northern and Western European populations than in Asian and African populations is

Answer 9

cystic fibrosis

Question 10

The sum of all the different alleles carried by all the members of a population is its

Answer 10

gene pool

Question 11

All the members of a species in a local area that can potentially breed with one another are a

Answer 11

population

Question 12

Dolly the sheep is an example of a clone made by

Answer 12

nuclear transfer

Question 13

A recent finding is that skin cells form _____ stem cells when treated with an appropriate set of proteins

Answer 13

induced

Question 14

Bully whippets’ muscle development is changed due to a mutation in the

Answer 14

myostatin gene

Question 15

Heterozygosity for a cystic fibrosis allele has been associated with resistance to

Answer 15

typhoid fever

Question 16

If 25 out of 100 males display the recessive phenotype for an X-linked trait, then what proportion of the alleles are the dominant allele?

Answer 16

75% or 0.75

Question 17

The Lemba were shown to have a genetic connection to Jews by analyzing their

Answer 17

Y chromosome

Question 18

For a rare recessive trait such as cystic fibrosis, which part of the population carries the most copies of the recessive allele?

Answer 18

the group of heterozygous individuals with the normal phenotype

Question 19

Utah State researchers have cloned mules by

Answer 19

transferring nuclei form mule cells into horse eggs

Question 20

What is most able to rapidly change allele frequencies in a large population?

Answer 20

selection

Question 21

Laws allowed the forced sterilization of mentally deficient wards of the state are examples of

Answer 21

negative eugenics carried out in the 1930’s in the United States

Question 22

In the total human population allelic and genotypic frequencies actually change over time, which of the following is not expected to lead to a change in human allele frequencies?

Answer 22

the effects of random mating

Question 23

Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive that affects 1 out of 2500 males in the United States. What part of the female population is hemophiliac?

Answer 23

1 out of 6,250,000

Question 24

The effects of change events, such as predation, are expected to have the greatest effect on the evolution of a species with

Answer 24

small populations in which random mating is taking place

Question 25

In a population the frequency of the recessive allele ‘b’ is 0.3, what percentage of the population will be homozygous for the recessive b allele if the population obeys the Hardy Weinberg Law?

Answer 25

9%

Question 26

For the sickle cell anemia trait where ‘S’ designates the normal hemoglobin allele and ‘s’ designates the sickle cell allele, which genotype(s) is/are expected to contribute the most offspring per individual to the next generation in malarial regions?

Answer 26

Ss

Question 27

The human cell surface receptor allele that provides partial resistance to infection by HIV is most abundant in the native populations found in

Answer 27

Northern Europe

Question 28

Tay-Sachs disease is a recessive genetic disorder that leads to mental retardation and death in early childhood. Eastern European Jewish populations have high frequencies for the Tay-Sachs disease allele. This allele

Answer 28

may provide resistance to tuberculosis in heterozygous individuals

Question 29

If 1 in 2500 babies is born with a genetic disorder that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, then the allelic frequency for the disease causing allele in a randomly mating population

Answer 29

is estimated to be 1 in 50 alleles

Question 30

In the Hardy Weinbergy Law the frequency of the _______ is given by the term 2pq

Answer 30

heterozygous genotype

Question 31

In its Buck versus Bell decision the United States Supreme Court ruled that

Answer 31

the forced sterilization of promiscuous, mentally deficient women was constitutional

Question 32

Recent genomic studies have shown that the Homo sapiens and the Homo neaderthalensis genomes differ at

Answer 32

0.5% of their base sequences

Question 33

Stem cells that can form multiple but not all of the different cell types in the body are termed

Answer 33

pluripotent

Question 34

Concerning the distribution of the ABO antigens among native peoples around the world,

Answer 34

many human populations have a low frequency of one allele, usually the B allele

Question 35

Which disease was the focus of the first human gene therapy trial?

Answer 35

severe combined immunodeficiency disease

Question 36

Humans are estimated to make up to _____ different proteins

Answer 36

100,000

Question 37

Genes that are inactivated by mutations may remain in the genome of a species for very long times, everyone’s beta and alpha globin gene clusters contain genes that can no longer be used to make globin proteins, these inactive genes are called

Answer 37

psuedogenes

Question 38

the human genome contains

Answer 38

3 billion base pairs and about 25,000 genes

Question 39

What kind of information can proteomics offer that genomics cannot?

Answer 39

Unlike genomics, proteomies can show which proteins are expressed in which cells and during what stages of development

Question 40

Transgenic mice can be used to study human genetic diseases, which of the following types of human genetic disease traits would be the easiest to have a transgenic mouse model developed?

Answer 40

an autosomally dominant trait

Question 41

Upon completion of the human genome, it was surprising to discover that

Answer 41

there are many fewer genes than expected

Question 42

What is the purpose of identifying ‘open reading frames’ in DNA sequence data

Answer 42

These regions often correspond to parts of genes that encode proteins

Question 43

One of the major concerns for human health associated with transgenic crop plants is that

Answer 43

they may express proteins that will induce allergic responses

Question 44

The human genome contains about _____ genes and produces about _____ different proteins

Answer 44

25000 and 100000

Question 45

Genes that are linked to one another are

Answer 45

located near to each other on the same chromosome

Question 46

What is a microarray?

Answer 46

a set of oligonucleotides used to screen for large number of different sequences at the same time

Question 47

In a typical automated DNA sequencing reaction, what do the dideoxynucleotides do?

Answer 47

They stop nucleotides from being added to the 3’ end of the growing DNA strand