Practice Exam 3

Question 1

Deviance

Answer 1

Occurs when an individual is violating social norms within a community

Question 2

Impression management

Answer 2

Individuals expressing themselves differently based on their interaction with specific people
This describes the reason people have multiple selves

Question 3

Symbolic interactionism

Answer 3

Describes how individuals interact and respond towards others based on their own interpretations of the interaction

Question 4

In-group favoritism

Answer 4

Favoring members of an in-group over members of an out-group, actions that favor one group of people over the other

Question 5

Social reproduction

Answer 5

Occurs when social inequality is reproduced and passed down to future generations

Question 6

Social isolation

Answer 6

Occurs when people are denied rights and opportunities that should normally be given to them

Question 7

Mesolimbic reward system

Answer 7

It is also called dopaminergic pathway which transmits dopamine throughout the brain
-when opiates stimulate the reward pathway, an increased amount of dopamine is released

Question 8

Deindividuation

Answer 8

Loss of identity or self awareness which comes with a loss of responsibility

Question 9

Groupthink

Answer 9

Similar to deindividuation in that it involves a group of individuals who make faulty or irrational decisions
It is also associated with decreased individual responsibility as everyone conforms to the needs of the group
However, group think involves consensus seeking and is not marked by a loss of identity

Question 10

Vicarious learning

Answer 10

The observation of others succeeding in a task, which creates a send of personal ability to succeed in similar challenges

Question 11

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 11

The tendency for the expectations of self or others to unintentionally guide behavior in such a way as to fulfill the expectation

Question 12

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 12

Occurs when an individual underestimates the influence of the situation on another’s actions and tends to attribute another’s actions to their personalities

Question 13

Xenocentrism

Answer 13

Occurs when the individual values other cultures over his or her own
-opposite of ethnocentrism

Question 14

Emile Durkheim on crime

Answer 14

Believed that crime is present in every society. It cannot and should not be eliminated
It’s a normal part of society but yeah there can be some forms of crime that are abnormal

Question 15

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 15

Inability to code new memories

Question 16

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 16

An inability to recall previously coded information

Question 17

Halo effect

Answer 17

The beliefs that people have inherently good or bad natures
If someone does something good, the halo effect predicts that another person might consider that person an overall good person, and vice versa

Question 18

Optimism bias

Answer 18

Belief that bad things happen to other people, not to us

Question 19

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 19

Describes the tendency to filter out or alter information that conflicts with what a person wants to believe

Question 20

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 20

A, D, E, and K

Question 21

T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases

Answer 21

Occur when T cells recognize MHC displayed proteins as pathogenic or foreign. This leads to activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes that bind and kill cells expressing these proteins

Question 22

Helper T cells

Answer 22

Do not produce antibodies. They secrete cytokines and they recognize antigens displayed on MHC II not MHC I

Question 23

B cells

Answer 23

Produce antibodies and mark antigens and pathogens for destruction by macrophages and other phagocytic cells, not via cytotoxic T cells

Question 24

Didactic (def.)

Answer 24

Teaching tone

It is used when the author is instructing the reader about something

Question 25

Self serving bias

Answer 25

Occurs when we attribute our successes to ourselves but our failures to others
-blame others for our actions and not take responsibility for our own failure