Practice Exam 3 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Deviance
Occurs when an individual is violating social norms within a community
Impression management
Individuals expressing themselves differently based on their interaction with specific people
This describes the reason people have multiple selves
Symbolic interactionism
Describes how individuals interact and respond towards others based on their own interpretations of the interaction
In-group favoritism
Favoring members of an in-group over members of an out-group, actions that favor one group of people over the other
Social reproduction
Occurs when social inequality is reproduced and passed down to future generations
Social isolation
Occurs when people are denied rights and opportunities that should normally be given to them
Mesolimbic reward system
It is also called dopaminergic pathway which transmits dopamine throughout the brain
-when opiates stimulate the reward pathway, an increased amount of dopamine is released
Deindividuation
Loss of identity or self awareness which comes with a loss of responsibility
Groupthink
Similar to deindividuation in that it involves a group of individuals who make faulty or irrational decisions
It is also associated with decreased individual responsibility as everyone conforms to the needs of the group
However, group think involves consensus seeking and is not marked by a loss of identity
Vicarious learning
The observation of others succeeding in a task, which creates a send of personal ability to succeed in similar challenges
Self-fulfilling prophecy
The tendency for the expectations of self or others to unintentionally guide behavior in such a way as to fulfill the expectation
Fundamental attribution error
Occurs when an individual underestimates the influence of the situation on another’s actions and tends to attribute another’s actions to their personalities
Xenocentrism
Occurs when the individual values other cultures over his or her own
-opposite of ethnocentrism
Emile Durkheim on crime
Believed that crime is present in every society. It cannot and should not be eliminated
It’s a normal part of society but yeah there can be some forms of crime that are abnormal
Anterograde amnesia
Inability to code new memories
Retrograde amnesia
An inability to recall previously coded information
Halo effect
The beliefs that people have inherently good or bad natures
If someone does something good, the halo effect predicts that another person might consider that person an overall good person, and vice versa
Optimism bias
Belief that bad things happen to other people, not to us
Cognitive dissonance
Describes the tendency to filter out or alter information that conflicts with what a person wants to believe
Fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, and K
T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases
Occur when T cells recognize MHC displayed proteins as pathogenic or foreign. This leads to activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes that bind and kill cells expressing these proteins
Helper T cells
Do not produce antibodies. They secrete cytokines and they recognize antigens displayed on MHC II not MHC I
B cells
Produce antibodies and mark antigens and pathogens for destruction by macrophages and other phagocytic cells, not via cytotoxic T cells
Didactic (def.)
Teaching tone
It is used when the author is instructing the reader about something
