Practice Exam 2 Flashcards
A b-bump on the MV m-mode is associated with?
Increased LV end diastolic pressure
Diastolic collapse of RV wall means?
Tamponade
What is the drug Adriamycin given to patients for?
Cancer treatment
Patients receiving the drug Adriamycin are often referred to the echo lab for?
Evaluation of LV function
After a patient had a mitral commissurotomy, which of the following will be seen on echo?
- Valve will still look rheumatic
- Mitral motion will look normal
- E-F slope will decrease
4.a mitral wing will look bright
- Valve will still look rheumatic
What is a MV commissurotomy? What does it treat? And what will it look like on echo?
- It’s a surgery to repair Mitral stenosis
It will still look rheumatic on echo
What is a surgery to repair mitral stenosis?
MV commissurotomy
In a patient with IHSS?
- LV posterior wall to septal wall ratio is > 1.3
- Aortic valve will show mid diastolic closure
- MR is present
3 SAM of MV will decrease will vaslsalva
- MR is present
What’s a normal PR interval?
0.12-0.20 seconds
A PR interval longer than 0.20 seconds is called?
1st degree heart block
During the Q-T interval what is occurring ?
The atria are filling
Which of the following does not usually happen with left heart failure?
- Fall in cardiac output
- Fall in aortic pressure
- Elevation of LV pressure
- Elevation of pulmonary venous pressure
- Fall in aortic pressure e
Which is not a common symptom of congestive heart failure?
- DOE
- Pedal edema
- Syncope
- Orthopena
- Syncope
Long standing MS usually leads to?
CHF
In Aortic stenosis the ____ pressure exceeds that of the____
LV systolic pressure exceeds the aorta
A patient with a left atrial myxoma may have symptoms similar to?
MS
What is Amyl Nitrate given for inhalation for?
Fo relief pain of angina attacks
When amyl nitrate is given to a patient with HOCM it’s likely to?
Increase SAM of the mitral valve
True or false- the size of an aneurysm decreases in systole.
False
When ultrasound waves travel through a medium which contains many small scatters ( RBC’s) the amount of sound that’s scattered would?
Increase sharply with increasing frequency
With phased array transducers, the transmitted sound beam is swept by?
Varying the timing of pulses to the transducer elements
During isovolmetric contraction the ____ in the LV _____ and no valves are open
Pressure ; increases
Myocardial blood flow is most predominant during which phase of the cardiac cycle ?
Diastole
Myocardial blood flow returns to the right atrium via the?
Coronary sinus
A ventricular premature beat originates in?
Ectopic focus
A ventricular premature beat originates in?
Ectopic focus
A cracked transducer face can lead to what dangerous situation?
Electrical shock
The Doppler shift frequency from moving reflectors is the ___ between the ___ and ___ ultrasonic frequencies.
Difference ; transmitted and received
What’s axial resolution?
The ability to see 2 structures side by side as separate and distinct when parallel to the beam
What’s axial resolution?
The ability to see 2 structures side by side as separate and distinct when parallel to the beam
To improve axial resolution of a transducer, the manufacturer must?
- curve the crystal
-Decrease damping - shorten the pulse
- decrease the diameter
Shorten the pulse
Shortening the pulse of a transducer does what?
Improve axial resolution
If the distance to the reflector doubles, the time between pulse transmission and echo detection at the transducer:
Doubles
The eustchaian valve is a normal valve of the ___ and commonly seen in the ____view
IVC; subcostal
RV systolic pressure may be predicted by?
Continuous wave of Doppler TR
True or false- mvp is a common finding in HOCM
False
Sequentially activating a series of adjacent crystals to ambulate the ultrasound beam is an email of?
A phased array transducer
In a normal newborn the RV free wall is what size?
2-4mm
True or false- pulmonary Artesia with a intact IVS is associated the over riding of the aorta
False
Is coronary artery disease increase risk for endicarditis?
No
If the patients pulmonic valve, annulus, trunk are excised and relocated to the aortic position what type of valve do they have?
Autograft
What is the normal PHT for a mitral prosthetic valve?
<170msec
The sac that surrounds the heart is?
Fibrous pericardium
The posterior descending artery is a branch of which coronary artery in the majority of people?
Right
A pericardiectomy id the treatment of choice for?
Constrictive pericarditis
Psuedsoaneurysms of the LV have one feature that make them surgical emgerices like?
High rate of rupture
What can cause a friction rub?
Pericarditis
The size of LV aneurysms during systole :
-decrease
-increase
-remain the same
-can’t tell the same
Increase
Which of the following best describes unstable angina?
- relived by nitroglycerin
-relived by rest - due to a coronary spasm
- chest pain at rest
-chest pain at rest
Psyedoaneurysms have a ____ base with walls containing the ___ and a ___ disk for rupture
Narrow; pericardium ; high
Which chamber is most likely to be involved with metastatic tumors?
RA
What echo term is given to describe patients with hyperlipomatous inter atrial septum?
Dumbbell shape
The dumbbell shape of the IAS is consistent with what disease?
Hyperlipomatous IAS
What is hyperlipomatous IAS ?
Fatty infiltration of the IAS
True or false- PHTN is not a risk factor of ischemic heart disease
True
Color Doppler is best used in ischemic heart disease for detecting?
VSD’s
Left atrial thrombus is often seen in patients with ?
MS
Myocardial ischemia means?
-actual tissue death
-lack of oxygen to myocardium
-lack of o2 to myocardium
Myocardial ischemia means?
-actual tissue death
-lack of oxygen to myocardium
-lack of o2 to myocardium
A parachute MV usually shows what on echo?
A single papillary muscle
What caused MV pre systolic closure?
Elevated LV pressure
What’s a typical Doppler velocity range of aortic stenosis?
3.0-5.0 m/sec
Which valve is least likely affected in patients with rheumatic heart disease?
Pulmonic valve
A decrease in the RVSP from one year to another indicates?
RV infarction
True or false- carcinoid heart disease is a cause for valvular pulmonic stenosis?
True
What’s a raphe? And when is it typically seen?
It’s a fused commissure line between 2 of 3 aortic leaflets in a typical bicuspid valve.
True or false- hypovolemis does not usually cause jugular from dissension
True
A PE will be seen between what 2 cardiac layers?
Visceral and parietal
A PE will be seen between what 2 cardiac layers?
Visceral and parietal
Which chamber is the most posterior?
LA
The pressure in LV end diastole is referred to as?
Preload
TEE probes are usually in what frequency range?
5-7MHZ
What is the most anterior chamber?
Right ventricle
What carries electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles ?
Bundle of his
What valve event ends Isovolumic contraction?
Aortic opening
Which embryonic artificial arch develops into the transverse arch?
Fourth
Which of the following is a common cause for dilated cardiomyopathy?
-Peri partum
-amyloid sis
-toxic
-metabolic
Toxic
Patients with a restrictive cardiomyopathy have what kind of Doppler finding?
Large early E wave with short decel time and small a wave
Want echo findings are associated with IHSS?
SAM of the AMVL and ASH
The restrictive transmittal filling pattern is most consistently associated with?
Elevated LA pressures and increased ventricular stiffness
True or false- midsystolic closure is a classic motion sign of the AV on my way-mode in patients with HOCM
True
In the AP4 view which pulmonary vein do you see the most?
Right upper
What is the best view to measure the vena contracta for AI?
PLAX
Which gradient in the cath lab mostly correlates with the same pressure gradient in a TTE?
- Peak to peak
- Instanteous
- Mean gradient
- Mean
Why does the Foramen Ovale close after birth?
Due to high pressure in the LA which closes the flap
Over the opening
