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A&P Lab Exam 3 > Practice Exam > Flashcards

Practice Exam Flashcards

1
Q

RBC normally make up about what percent of all blood cells?

A

30-50%

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2
Q

What do males have more of then females because of their testosterone?

A

Hematocrit

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3
Q

What is the fluid from clotted blood?

A

Serum

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4
Q

What vitamin is involved in the production of RBC?

A

B12

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5
Q

Functional hemoglobin has an iron in what state?

A

Fe2+

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6
Q

What increases RBC production?

A

EPO

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7
Q

What is a buildup in ISF in the tissues?

A

edema

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8
Q

What is the term for an excess of RBC?

A

Polycythemia

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9
Q

“Brown blood” is a result of what happening to hemoglobin?

A

Oxidation

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10
Q

Breakdown of RBC occurs primarily in the _______ and a RBC normally lasts about _________ days. Each hemoglobin molecule has ___ heme groups.

A

spleen
100-120 days
4

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11
Q

Someone says that the Hb content of a baby pig is 5 g/100 mL. What is the status of this piglet?

A

Anemic

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12
Q

Where is erythropoietin produced?

A

kidneys

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13
Q

What substance converts to fibrinogen to fibrin?

A

Thrombin

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14
Q

What is the approximate amount of blood in an animal?

A

7.5% of body weight

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15
Q

What organ has its blood flow mostly neurally regulated?

A

Brain

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16
Q

The most numerous cell in the blood

A

Erythrocyte

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17
Q

What compound from clover can prevent absorption of vitamin K and prevent blood clotting

A

couramin

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18
Q

What tissue can be moved voluntarily

A

Skeletal muscle

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19
Q

Events at the NMJ in order

A

Arrival
Release
Binding
Removal
Generation

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20
Q

When pyruvic acid is produced faster than it can be utilized, the surplus is converted to:

A

Lactic acid

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21
Q

Anemia results when the person’s stomach fails to produce intrinsic factor, which is necessary for the normal absorption of vitamin..

A

B12

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22
Q

Action potentials in skeletal muscle fibers propagate down the special portion of the sarcolemma the ________ and cause release of calcium from the _________

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum
T-tubules

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23
Q

Which of the following is typical of both cardiac and skeletal muscles?

A

They are striated

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24
Q

Rigor mortis results from _____ after death

A

Lack of ATP in muscles

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25
Q

Hours after a “normal” (non-stressful) death, the pH of the skeletal muscle will be

A

5.5

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26
Q

The motor unit is defined as

A

a motor neuron and the muscle fibers innervated by it

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27
Q

During contraction of a skeletal muscle cell

A

calcium ions are released from the transverse tubules to initiate contraction

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28
Q

An increase in heart rate will result in an

A

increased cardiac output

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29
Q

Hypoxia (low blood oxygen) dilates

A

brain aterioles

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30
Q

When the left ventricle contracts,

A

it ejects blood into the aorta

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31
Q

The vena cava returns systemic blood to the

A

right atrium

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32
Q

Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically couples at the

A

intercalated disks

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33
Q

RBC normally make up what percentage of all blood cells

A

40-45%

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34
Q

The most numerous granulocyte is the

A

PMN/neutrophil

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35
Q

The Bainbridge effect will increase

A

heart rate

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36
Q

The right ventricle pumps into the

A

pulmonary arteries

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37
Q

Bulls have a higher what than steers

A

Hematocrit

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38
Q

The 2nd heart sound is associated comes after the

A

T wave of the EKG

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39
Q

What inhibits blood clotting by binding making Vitamin K unavailable

A

Coumarins (WARFARIN)

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40
Q

Fibrinogen is a normal component of

A

plasma

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41
Q

What color is Met-Hb?

A

brown

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42
Q

Bilirubin is bound to albumin in

A

the plasma

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43
Q

Sequence of contraction for a normal heart

A

Simultaneous contraction of both atria followed by simultaneous contraction of both ventricles

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44
Q

Where is erythropoietin produced

A

Kidneys

45
Q

Which vitamin is important in blood clotting

A

Vitamin K

46
Q

Platelets have the least amount of

A

nuclei

47
Q

Atrial and ventricular diastole overlap during

A

T-P interval

48
Q

Where is calcium not used?

A

Protection of vitamin B12

49
Q

The QRS complex immediately precedes which event

A

Ventricular contraction

50
Q

The detergent-like molecule that keeps lung alveoli from collapsing between breaths because it reduces the surface tension

A

Surfactant

51
Q

Most abundant plasma protein

A

albumin

52
Q

What is the average lifespan of a RBC

A

100 days

53
Q

Diffusion of gases between air and blood (in mammals) occurs mostly in the

A

Alveoli

54
Q

Falling into very cold water will reflexively cause you to

A

increase HR and heat production through skeletal muscle activity

55
Q

The cardiovascular baroreceptors are located in the

A

Left ventricle

56
Q

A physically fit person would most likely have a higher __ than a couch potato

A

Stroke Volume

57
Q

The largest total cross-sectional area in the cardiovascular system is found in

A

capillaries

58
Q

Typical of both skeletal and cardiac muscles

A

They are striated

59
Q

As an animal grows, its surface area increases as a ________ function, while its volume increases as a ________ function

A

square
cubic

60
Q

What causes an increased ventilation of the lungs?

A

Increased CO2 in the blood

61
Q

Pernicious anemia results when the person’s stomach fails to produce intrinsic factors, which is necessary for the normal absorption of vitamin

A

K

62
Q

Which organ receives the greatest cardiac output?

A

Lungs

63
Q

Describe normal plasma

A

About 70% of blood composition, contains prothrombin

64
Q

Organ has its blood flow mostly neurally regulated

A

Brain

65
Q

Organ, at rest, uses the most oxygen per gram of tissue

A

Heart

66
Q

What happens to heart rate if you destroy the SA node?

A

The heart will not beat regularly

67
Q

Functional hemoglobin has an iron in what state

A

ferrous

68
Q

The thin membranes lying between the thoracic cavity and lungs are

A

visceral pleura

69
Q

Inspiration in mammals is what kind of process

A

Active

70
Q

Oxygen gets from the alveolus to the blood by the process

A

Diffusion

71
Q

Closing the glottis and forcing expiration results in a ______ in the pressure within the thoracic cavity

A

decrease

72
Q

The numerator in the 120/80 blood pressure reading represents

A

systolic

73
Q

Rapid, irregular and unsynchronized contraction of heart muscle

A

Afib

74
Q

Enzyme in RBC that catalyzes the reaction of CO2 + H2O -> bicarbonate and H+, that allows for the efficient removal of CO2 in the body

A

Carbonic anhydrases

75
Q

Lower vertebrates, like the Horseshoe Crab, do not have hemoglobin for transport of oxygen, they have hemocyanin that uses what metallic ion

A

Copper

76
Q

What is the hole between the right and left atria in the fetal heart

A

foramen ovale

77
Q

Breakdown of RBC occurs primarily in the

A

spleen

78
Q

The breakdown of products of hemoglobin include iron and amino acids from the ________ fraction

A

globin (protein)

79
Q

Each hemoglobin molecule has ___ heme groups

A

4

80
Q

Some products of hemoglobin breakdown travel to the liver where they are removed and added to the

A

bile that enters the small intestine

81
Q

The neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction is

A

Ach

82
Q

Ach is released from the __________ to stimulate muscle fibers

A

alpha motor neuron

83
Q

Ach is also released in small bursts or packets called _______ to keep muscle fiber in a state of readiness

A

quanta

84
Q

The NT crosses the NMJ and binds to on a special place on the sarcolemma called the

A

endplate

85
Q

On the endplate, a __________ is developed that reaches TP and initiates an AP that spreads over the sarcolemma

A

synapse

86
Q

Within the muscle cells, the long-term storage site for high energy bonds is

A

creatine phosphate

87
Q

Creatine phosphate supplies the phosphate groups for conversion of

A

ADP to ATP

88
Q

Coronary arteries arise in this structure

A

aorta

89
Q

Produced from megakaryoblasts

A

Platelet precursors

90
Q

A cell fragment

A

Platelets

91
Q

Leave blood vessels and transform into macrophages

A

Monocytes

92
Q

Least abundant WBC

A

Basophils

93
Q

Granules have an affinity for acidic stains

A

Eosinophils

94
Q

Also called thrombocytes

A

platelets

95
Q

Aggranulocyte

A

Monocyte

96
Q

The ventricle with the most oxygenated blood in the heart is the

A

left ventricle

97
Q

Oxidized hemoglobin is in the form of

A

Fe3+

98
Q

Hb has a higher affinity for _____ _________ than for oxygen (reason we check furnaces)

A

carbon monoxide

99
Q

Which blood vessels have the largest amount of (relative) smooth muscle?

A

Muscular arteries

100
Q

Cells producing mucus in the trachea

A

goblet cells

101
Q

Premature calves often have problems breathing because of lack of the ____________ on the surface of the alveoli

A

surfacant

102
Q

What is the primary pacemaker of the heart?

A

Sino atrial node

103
Q

Erythropoeitin

A

hormone that signals production of RBC

104
Q

Carboxy-Hb

A

carbon monoxide occupies site normally occupied by oxygen

105
Q

Mononuclear

A

made up of monocytes

106
Q

Endothelium

A

simple layer of squamos cells forming the inner liner of the heart, blood vessels, and lymph vessels

107
Q

What EKG wave would be missing if the SA node was not working?

A

P wave

108
Q

Fibrillation

A

When contraction of muscle fibers and relaxation of other muscle fibers occur at the same time in the same synctium

109
Q

Dicrotic notch

A

valve closure produces the 2nd heart sound and causes a momentary blood pressure bounce upward

A&P Lab Exam 3 (6 decks)

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