Practice Exam Flashcards
auditory representations of language are localised in…
the left temporal cortex in wernicke’s area.
motor representations of words are locatised in…
the left frontal cortex in Broca’s area.
language acquisition device is associated with what theory?
nativist theory
developed by Chomsky.
learning theory of language
relates to the behaviourist theory that relates to reinforcement.
damage to Broca’s area symptoms
slow, effortful speech that is grammatically correct.
damage to the parietal lobes symptoms
issues with body movement and touch
damage to wernick’s area symptoms
speech lacks content, difficulties understanding speech..
conduction aphasia
production of speech and comprehension is okay however, there is poor repetition.
hypercomplex cells
requires stimulus to be a particular size or length.
what causes blindsight?
lesions to the primary visual cortex that receives information from the lateral geniculate nucleus. Here, the patient claims that they cannot see but they can still pick up various shapes etc.
retina
photosensitive film that translates light
cornea
light enters through the durable, transparent sheath of the cornea.
aqueous humour
liquid within the eyeball.
iris
pigmented tissue that gives the eye its colour.
suprachiasmatic nucleus
responsive to light, is the site for circadian clock cells.
structures involved in maintaing consciousness
reticular formation, pons and medulla
cognitive perspective of dreaming
the content of dreams reflects concerns and metaphors that people express in their waking hours.
psychodynamic perspective of dreaming
dreams have both latent content and manifest content
biological perspective of dreaming
- dreams consist of random neural signals from the midbrain being interpreted by the cortex.
- dreams consolidate memories.
blood pressure and pulse in REM sleep
increase
REM sleep and brain activation
primary visual cortex is not activated but visual association areas in the occipital and temporal lobes are.
james lange theory
bodily response preceeds emotion
cannon bard theory
emotion inducing stimulus simultaneously elicits both emotional and bodily responses.
common sense theory
feeling comes before the bodily experience.
our imaginal representations of the world around us are referred to as
cognitive maps.
types of cognitive maps
route maps and survey maps
two-factor theory
bodily response occurs which we interpret (i.e. I am afraid because my heart is beating fast), which leads to the experience of emotion,
frontal lobe damage
Located in the pre-frontal cortex.
Deficits may include:
- Disinhibition (wouldn’t be able to control himself).
- Emotional lability (reactive aggression)
- Change in personality
- Lack of empathy (would be bad at tracking the emotions and intentions of others)
- Diminished social insight
- Socially inappropriate behaviour, especially conversational skills
- Difficulties with changing reinforcements
- Lack of sensitivity to future outcomes, both positive and negative.
- Stimulus driven behaviour
deficits in the medio-temporal lobe
(includes hippocampus):
- Difficulties understanding location in space - Difficulties judging and navigating distances - Difficulties in using environmental context to navigate - Difficulties with long term declarative memory.
agnosia
a rare disorder characterised by an inability to recognise and identify objects or persons.
Difficulty recognising the geometric features of an object or face.
Can be limited to one sensory modality such as vision or hearing.
Typically results from damage to the occipital or parietal lobes.
anterograde amnesia
impaired ability to learn new information following an onset of amnesia.
retrograde amnesia
impaired ability to recall past events and previously familiar information.
Intact procedural memory.
amnesia
Caused by damage to the hippocampus.
Amnesia is not the same as dementia, dementia can often have amnesia problems but also a variety of cognitive issues.
