Practice Exam 1

Question 1

Sn1 reactions

Answer 1

Tertiary alcohols, carbocation and varied stereochemistry. 2 products

Question 2

Sn2 reactions

Answer 2

Primary and Secondary alcohols, INVERTED stereochemistry and only 1 product

Question 3

Chromatography TLC and Paper

Answer 3

TLC- gel Paper-celullose Stationary phase is more polar If water is stationary phase then since you know water has hydrogen bonding the mobile phase that “sticks” the most to the stationary phase will be the one with more hydrogen bonding. Also, if more polar sticks more. Non polar travel further

Question 4

Gas chromatography

Answer 4

Smallest molecular weight and weakest intermolecular forces will travel the fastest

Question 5

Forming an Ester Who loses OH

Answer 5

Ester: COOH + ROH Carboxylic Acid loses OH

Question 6

Enzymes affect chemical reactions by stabilization of

Answer 6

the transition state changes the activation energy of the reaction

Question 7

To decrease the ionization of CH3COOH (acetic acid) [weak acid btw]

Answer 7

Add a strong acid like HCl, which will increase the H+ in solution and decrease the amount of CH3CO2H that ionizes

Question 8

Strong acids

Answer 8

HCLO4 perchloric acid HCl, HBr, HI H2SO4 HNO3

Question 9

Einstein-Plank Equation

Answer 9

E= h*f= h*c/lambda

Question 10

Standard Atmospheric Pressure

Answer 10

760mmHg

Question 11

9L/ 10 min

Answer 11

9000ml/10 min—> 900/min

Question 12

Peptide bonds

Answer 12

Planar bond, can have double bond character due to resonance

Question 13

Peptide Bond

Answer 13

N—–C Lose a water molecule when forming a peptide bond

Question 14

AA abreviations Asp Asn Arg

Answer 14

Aspartic Acid (Acid) Asparginine (3N’s) Arginine (basic)

Question 15

What is special about the side-chains of aa?

Answer 15

Their net charge responds to pH

Question 16

Octohedral compounds

Answer 16

d2sp3

Question 17

Ideal gas

Answer 17

Intermolecular forces and individual volume are negligible

Question 18

Different colors related to wavelength

Answer 18

Different wavelengths bc molecules have different structures

Question 19

Phosphate groups come from

Answer 19

ATP

Question 20

Lipase enzyme

Answer 20

Hydrolisis of tryacylglicerides

Question 21

Glycogen

Answer 21

large molecule composed of alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds

Question 22

Beta decay

Answer 22

Converts a neutron into a proton (add +1 to atomic number) X——> X (+1) + Beta

Question 23

Alpha decay

Answer 23

A (mass number) loses 4 Z (atomic number) loses 2

X—–> X (-4,-2) + alpha

Question 24

Positron decay

Answer 24

Converts a proton into a neutron ( subtract -1 to atomic number)

Question 25

What is the bond in glycogen that characterizes branching

Answer 25

alpha-1,6- glycosidic bond

Question 26

Gamma decay

Answer 26

Emission of photons by the nucleus

Question 27

Entropy

Answer 27

Positive= more disorder Negative= less disorder Is positive if s+l= gas Lowest to highest solids\< liquids \< gases

Question 28

If solid catalyst is finely ground before adding it to a reaction mixture then

Answer 28

The rate will be faster because a greater surface area of catalyst will be exposed (it increases the amount of catalyst available to a reaction)

Question 29

Factors that affect the reaction rate

Answer 29

Rxn concentrations, temperature, medium, catalyst

Question 30

Redox Reaction

Answer 30

A more **electronegative** atom is likely to be **oxidized**

Question 31

E⁰

Answer 31

If greater than zero than spontaneous (positive)

Question 32

Units of Power

Answer 32

J/s N\*m/s W ft\*lb/s kg\*m²/s³

Question 33

Index of refraction

Answer 33

When light enters a medium with a higher index of refraction it bends towards the normal When light enters a medium with a smaller index of refraction if bends awaay from the normal n= c/v

Question 34

Converging

Answer 34

Concave mirror Convex lens Is positive positive focal point image is upright real

Question 35

Diverging

Answer 35

Convex mirror Concave lens Is negative neg focal point image is inverted virtual

Question 36

Intensity of electromagnetic radiation

Answer 36

The intensity of a beam of electromagnetic radiation is the energy it delivers per second. The energy of the beam of electromagnetic radiation is delivered by the photons. Therefore the intensity depends on two things: The number of photons that are arriving per second The amount of energy carried by each photon

Question 37

Common Ion Effect

Answer 37

Must be a saturated solution A common ion is introduced and causes the reaction to shift back to a solid state to precipitate

Question 38

DNA backbone

Answer 38

Sugar plus phospate

Question 39

Denaturation

Answer 39

breaks hydrogen bonds | (boiling)

Question 40

Annealing

Answer 40

Allowing sample to cool to be brought back together

Question 41

Replication

Answer 41

of DNA Happens during S phase of mitosis

Question 42

Central dogma

Answer 42

DNA-RNA-Protein

Question 43

Directionality of DNA replication

Answer 43

Read up 3'---------5' Write down 5'------3'

Question 44

Leading strand directionality

Answer 44

3'------5' complimentary will be synthesized 5'------3