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227 Acute Kidney Injury > Practice EMQs Part 1 > Flashcards

Practice EMQs Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How are Thiazide and Loop diuretics likely to affect Potassium levels?

A

They cause hypokalaemia

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2
Q

What do ACEI, Angiotensin receptor blockers and spironolactone have in common?

A

They cause hyperkalaemia

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3
Q

Which drugs, with long term use, may cause irreversible renal damage?

A

Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin

NSAIDs

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4
Q

Which drugs can cause falsely elevated serum creatinine (interfere with creatnine renal elimination)

A

Trimethoprim

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5
Q

What type of drugs cause hypercalcaemia? Increased Ca excretion in urine and renal stones?

A

Calcium preparations

Vitamin D

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6
Q

What type of drugs cause high serum uric acid/urate stones?

A

Chemotherapy for bulky tumours

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7
Q

What type of drugs cause rhabdomyolysis and high creatinine kinase?

A

Statins

Calcineurin inhibitors: Cyclosporin/Tacrolimus

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8
Q

What is the most appropriate investigation for a patient:

Presenting with acute renal failure

Chest symptoms

Urine dipstick: Blood +++; Protein +++

A

Renal Biopsy

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9
Q

What is the most appropriate investigation for a patient:

Presenting with acute renal failure

Fever, night sweats, dysuria and loin pain

A

Urine microscopy looking for white cell casts, urine culture

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10
Q

What is the most appropriate investigation for a patient:

Elderly, developing acute renal failure, 4 days after elective knee replacement

A

Urinary Na

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11
Q

What is the most appropriate investigation for a patient:

with symptoms of polyuria, nocturia, hesitancy developing a gradual rise of serum urea and creatinine

A

Physical examination and bladder scan

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12
Q

What electrolyte abnormality is likely to be associated with the following:

Acute renal failure after a marathon run/strenuous exercise

A

Hypocalcaemia - rhabdomyolysis

Hyponatraemia - due to rehydration → dilution

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13
Q

What electrolyte abnormality is likely to be associated with the following:

Ingestion of MDMA

A

Hyponatraemia

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14
Q

What electrolyte abnormality is likely to be associated with the following:

Recovery phase of acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis

A

Hypercalcaemia

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15
Q

What electrolyte abnormality is likely to be associated with the following:

Acute renal failure after introduction of ACEI in a patient with chronic heart failure

A

Hyperkalaemia

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16
Q

Chronic use of laxatives or thiazide diuretics

A

Hypokalaemia

17
Q

What pathological condition is associated with the following urinary cast:

RBC cast

A

Glomerulonephritis

18
Q

What pathological condition is associated with the following urinary cast:

WBC casts

A

Pyelonephritis

19
Q

What pathological condition is associated with the following urinary cast:

Fatty casts

A

Nephrotic syndrome

20
Q

What pathological condition is associated with the following urinary cast:

Pigmented casts

A

Rhabdomyolysis

21
Q

What is the likely cause of the following urine sediment?

A

Triple Phosphate (struvite) - Coffin lid shape, Proteus UTI - Klebsiella

22
Q

What is the likely cause of the following urine sediment?

A

Uric Acid Crystals - Diamond shape, Hyperuricaemia - Gout

23
Q

What is the likely cause of the following urine sediment?

A

Cystine crystal

Hexagonal, sharp edges - Cystinuria

24
Q

What is the likely cause of the following urine sediment?

A

Calcium Oxalate

Square envelope shape

25
Q

What biochemical abnormality is most closely linked to the following:

Athlete taking part in a marathon tournament for the first time

A

High creatinine kinase

Hypocalcaemia

Hyponatraemia

26
Q

What biochemical abnormality is most closely linked to the following:

Use of ACEI for treatment of hypertension

A

Hyperkalaemia

27
Q

What biochemical abnormality is most closely linked to the following:

Ecstasy use

A

Hyponatraemia

28
Q

What biochemical abnormality is most closely linked to the following:

Prostatic carcinoma

A

Metabolic acidosis

29
Q

What biochemical abnormality is most closely linked to the following:

Chemotherapy for bulky sarcoma of right thigh

A

Hyperuricaemia

227 Acute Kidney Injury (8 decks)

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