Practice EMQs Part 1 Flashcards
How are Thiazide and Loop diuretics likely to affect Potassium levels?
They cause hypokalaemia
What do ACEI, Angiotensin receptor blockers and spironolactone have in common?
They cause hyperkalaemia
Which drugs, with long term use, may cause irreversible renal damage?
Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin
NSAIDs
Which drugs can cause falsely elevated serum creatinine (interfere with creatnine renal elimination)
Trimethoprim
What type of drugs cause hypercalcaemia? Increased Ca excretion in urine and renal stones?
Calcium preparations
Vitamin D
What type of drugs cause high serum uric acid/urate stones?
Chemotherapy for bulky tumours
What type of drugs cause rhabdomyolysis and high creatinine kinase?
Statins
Calcineurin inhibitors: Cyclosporin/Tacrolimus
What is the most appropriate investigation for a patient:
Presenting with acute renal failure
Chest symptoms
Urine dipstick: Blood +++; Protein +++
Renal Biopsy
What is the most appropriate investigation for a patient:
Presenting with acute renal failure
Fever, night sweats, dysuria and loin pain
Urine microscopy looking for white cell casts, urine culture
What is the most appropriate investigation for a patient:
Elderly, developing acute renal failure, 4 days after elective knee replacement
Urinary Na
What is the most appropriate investigation for a patient:
with symptoms of polyuria, nocturia, hesitancy developing a gradual rise of serum urea and creatinine
Physical examination and bladder scan
What electrolyte abnormality is likely to be associated with the following:
Acute renal failure after a marathon run/strenuous exercise
Hypocalcaemia - rhabdomyolysis
Hyponatraemia - due to rehydration → dilution
What electrolyte abnormality is likely to be associated with the following:
Ingestion of MDMA
Hyponatraemia
What electrolyte abnormality is likely to be associated with the following:
Recovery phase of acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis
Hypercalcaemia
What electrolyte abnormality is likely to be associated with the following:
Acute renal failure after introduction of ACEI in a patient with chronic heart failure
Hyperkalaemia
Chronic use of laxatives or thiazide diuretics
Hypokalaemia
What pathological condition is associated with the following urinary cast:
RBC cast
Glomerulonephritis
What pathological condition is associated with the following urinary cast:
WBC casts
Pyelonephritis
What pathological condition is associated with the following urinary cast:
Fatty casts
Nephrotic syndrome
What pathological condition is associated with the following urinary cast:
Pigmented casts
Rhabdomyolysis
What is the likely cause of the following urine sediment?
Triple Phosphate (struvite) - Coffin lid shape, Proteus UTI - Klebsiella
What is the likely cause of the following urine sediment?
Uric Acid Crystals - Diamond shape, Hyperuricaemia - Gout
What is the likely cause of the following urine sediment?
Cystine crystal
Hexagonal, sharp edges - Cystinuria
What is the likely cause of the following urine sediment?
Calcium Oxalate
Square envelope shape
What biochemical abnormality is most closely linked to the following:
Athlete taking part in a marathon tournament for the first time
High creatinine kinase
Hypocalcaemia
Hyponatraemia
What biochemical abnormality is most closely linked to the following:
Use of ACEI for treatment of hypertension
Hyperkalaemia
What biochemical abnormality is most closely linked to the following:
Ecstasy use
Hyponatraemia
What biochemical abnormality is most closely linked to the following:
Prostatic carcinoma
Metabolic acidosis
What biochemical abnormality is most closely linked to the following:
Chemotherapy for bulky sarcoma of right thigh
Hyperuricaemia
