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Nursing 360 Final (UVic) > Practice > Flashcards

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1
Q

Qualitative describes their people as?

A

Participants, ticipants, volunteers, members and informants

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2
Q

How many samples are in Qualitative? and what are they?

A

3- Convenience, Snowball, Purposive

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3
Q

What is convenience sample?

A

Qualitative, participants ready and available

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4
Q

What is a snowball sample?

A

Qualitative, Recommendations from other participants

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5
Q

What is a purposive sample?

A

Qualitative, Intentionally selected

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6
Q

What is the goal in a qualitative study?

A

To increase understanding of population of interest, collecting info to get a big picture

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7
Q

What are 4 problems with sampling in qualitative?

A

Subject withdrawl, Lost to follow up, exclusion/ inclusion, Incomplete data

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8
Q

What is selectivity?

A

certain subjects volunteer

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9
Q

How do you construct variables in qualitative?

A

Unstructured interviews, participant observations, group interviews, journalling, photos, free write

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10
Q

What is a research design?

A

Overall plan for acquiring new knowledge or confirming existing knowledge

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11
Q

What are the 4 research designs in qualitative?

A

Phenomenology, Ethnography, Grounded theory, Historical

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12
Q

What is phenomenology?

A

Developing understanding of experiences as perceived by those living the experience through instructed interviews

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13
Q

What is ethnography?

A

Researcher embeds in culture to describe phenomenon

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14
Q

What is grounded theory?

A

study interactions to recognize links to develop theory

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15
Q

What is historical?

A

answer questions about past to help with future

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16
Q

What is Rigor?

A

Collection of data to insure quality of data

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17
Q

What are 4 tools researchers use to make sure rigor is occurring in qualitative?

A

Trusthworthiness, confirmability, transferability, credibility

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18
Q

What is trustworthiness?

A

To establish a trusting relationship with participant to ensure honesty from them

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19
Q

What is confirmability?

A

consistency and repeatability in decision making. Uses audit trail to go back on documentation.

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20
Q

What is transferability?

A

confirmed or seem applicable for a different group or setting where data was collected

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21
Q

What is credibility?

A

confidence in the research has the full truth. Uses member checks and triangulation

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22
Q

What is member checks and triangulation?

A

Feedback from participants about the data and one ore more source of data to include different views or look at phenomenon

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23
Q

What is content analysis?

A

the process of understanding, interpretation, and conceptualizing the meanings of qualitative data.

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24
Q

What is a categorization scheme?

A

is an orderly combination of categories carefully defined so that no overlap occurs

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25
Q

What is conceptualization? and where do you find it?

A

a process of creating a picture of an abstract idea

In qualitative, discussions section (quant says examine)

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26
Q

What is generalization ? and where do you find it?

A

is the ability to apply a particular study’s findings to the broader population represented by the sample
In quantitative, discussion section

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27
Q

What is inferential statistics ?

A

concepts based on significance and probability

explain or predict variable or variables

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28
Q

What is descriptive statistics?

A

Allows us to know and explain variables that we are interested in learning

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29
Q

What is non probability sampling?

A

approaches that do not necessarily ensure that everyone in the population of interest has an equal chance of being included in the study

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30
Q

What are examples of non probability samples?

A

convenience, purposive, quota, and matched

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31
Q

What is a sampling frame?

A

People that meet the criteria for the subjects in a sample, and can be included

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32
Q

What is quota sample?

A

every member does not have an equal chance of being in the study. Goal is to make the sample more representative from the population

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33
Q

What is a matched sample?

A

researcher intentionally selects subjects who important characteristics are the same or matched

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34
Q

What is probability sampling?

A

ensures every member of the population has an equal opportunity to be in the study

35
Q

What are examples of probability sampling?

A

stratified random sample, cluster sampling, and systemic sampling

36
Q

What is simple random sampling?

A

Taking populations number and name down, then using a device to select numbers and those participants are chosen

37
Q

What is stratified random sample?

A

Dividing population into groups then choosing members within each group randomly selected.

38
Q

What is cluster sampling?

A

Occurs in stages, starts with selecting groups, then sampling smaller groups until individual selected

39
Q

What is systematic sample?

A

Same as random, however, instead of using a device they use a selected fixed interval (e.g every tenth)

40
Q

What is a sampling unit?

A

is the element of the population that will be selected and analyzed in the study. (e.g. hospitals, community)

41
Q

What is generalizability?

A

the ability say that the findings from a particular samples can be applied to a more general population

42
Q

What is power analysis, and why is it important?

A

It allows qualitative researches to know how large a sample size should be. It is important because of the inferential statistics, to determine that it is not chance alone.

43
Q

What is the goal of sampling in quantitative?

A

To acquire a sample as close as to the population, and for the findings to be generalized

44
Q

What is an operational variable?

A

a variable that is described in specific concrete terms

45
Q

What is theoretical variable?

A

a conceptual description of a variable

46
Q

What is an instrument and who uses it ?

A

It is a device that specifies and objectifies the process of data collection ( quantitative)

47
Q

What is a questionnaire ?

A

an instrument that is completed by a study subjects

48
Q

What is a scale?

A

a set of written questions or statements that measures a specified variable (e.g of three questions that ask the subject to rate how often they experience pain in different situations)

49
Q

What is an item?

A

The individual question or statements that comprises a scale

50
Q

What is interrater reliability ?

A

Agreement between two or more independent data collectors about the results of their data collection process

51
Q

What is test- retest reliability ?

A

Consistency in answers on tests when we would not expect the real answers to have changed

52
Q

What is reliability ?

A

the consistency with which a measure can be counted on to give the same result is if the aspect being measured has not changed.

53
Q

what is validity?

A

How accurately a measure actually yields information about the true or real variable being studied.

54
Q

What is content validity?

A

The comprehensiveness and appropriateness of the measure to the concept it i intended to measure

55
Q

what is Criterion- related validity

A

The extent to which results of one measure match those of another measure that examines the same concept

56
Q

what is Construct validity

A

The extent to which a scale or instrument measure what it is supposed to measure

57
Q

What is internal validity?

A

extent to which we can be sure of the accuracy or correctness of the findings in a study

58
Q

What is external validity?

A

to which the results of a study can be applied to other groups or situations

59
Q

What are threats to internal validity?

A

History, maturation, testing, instrumentation, mortality, selection bias

60
Q

Why is history a threat in internal validity?

A

Could be a threat such as hurricane, earthquake, tsunami

61
Q

Why is maturation a threat in internal validity?

A

refers to the change in the dependent variable, because of time

62
Q

Why is testing a threat in internal validity?

A

changes to dependent variable that result because it is being measured (asking a pt about there depression causing more depression)

63
Q

Why is instrumententation a threat in internal validity?

A

changing the measures from one to another (PO meds to IV)

64
Q

What is mortality and selection bias threat in internal validity?

A

Mortality is the death of someone and selection bias is…..

65
Q

What is reactivity effects?

A

When participants are aware they are being studied causing answers to change so they don’t get judged

66
Q

What is the hawthorne effect? External or internal?

A

That people change being studied, same as reactivity

67
Q

What is novelty effects? External or internal?

A

a threat to external validity that occurs when the knowledge that what is being done is new and under study somehow affects the outcome, either favourably or unfavourably

68
Q

What is experimental effects? External or internal>

A

some characteristic of the researcher or data collector influences the study results

69
Q

What are the broad factors to categorize qualitative design?

A

Time, control and function

70
Q

What designs in quantitative are under time?

A

Retrospective, prospective, cross sectional, longitudinal and repeated measures

71
Q

A study that collects data at one point in time is what?

A

Cross sectional

72
Q

A study that collects data at different time points is what?

A

Longitudinal

73
Q

A study that uses a repeated measure, and repeated measurements at several points in time is what?

A

Repeated measures

74
Q

What quantitative research study lacks a control group or a random assignment that also manipulates the independent variable

A

Quasi- experimental design

75
Q

Pre test posttest is what?

A

A quantitative research design that includes observations before and after the intervention

76
Q

What is a theoretical framework?

A

It is looking at the the theories and concepts, understanding of why a phenomena exists

77
Q

What is conceptual framework?

A

A structured comprised of concepts and relationships, explains why the phenomena exists

78
Q

What is inductive knowledge?

A

Pulling observations and facts generated through research to pull a theory together

79
Q

What is deductive knowledge?

A

developed by proposing a theory regarding a phenomenon, starts with a whole and breaks it down.

80
Q

What is in the introduction part or a research report?

A

Lit review, theory, hypothesis and research question

describes gap of knowledge and explains what is in the research process,

81
Q

What is in the methods section?

A

Describes the process of implementing the study

Qual/ Quant, mixed measures, sample, procedures

82
Q

What is in the results section?

A

The specific information gathered in the research study

Data, data analysis, themes, descriptive results, significant, multivariate

83
Q

What is in the conclusions?

A

describes the decisions or determinations that can be made about the research problem
Limitations, implications of practiec

Nursing 360 Final (UVic) (1 decks)

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